Safety Risk Assessment of Overturning Construction of Towering Structure Based on Cloud Matter–Element Coupled Model

Rapid urbanization has led to a surge in the number of towering structures,and overturning is widely used because it can better accommodate the construction of shaped structures such as variable sections.The complexity of the construction process makes the construction risk have certain randomness,so this paper proposes a cloudbased coupled matter-element model to address the ambiguity and randomness in the safety risk assessment of overturning construction of towering structures.In the pretended model,the digital eigenvalues of the cloud model are used to replace the eigenvalues in the matter–element basic element,and calculate the cloud correlation of the risk assessment metrics through the correlation algorithm of the cloud model to build the computational model.Meanwhile,the improved hierarchical analysis method based on the cloud model is used to determine the weight of the index.The comprehensive evaluation scores of the evaluation event are then obtained through the weighted average method,and the safety risk level is determined accordingly.Through empirical analysis,(1)the improved hierarchical analysis method based on the cloud model can incorporate the data of multiple decisionmakers into the calculation formula to determine theweights,which makes the assessment resultsmore credible;(2)the evaluation results of the cloud-basedmatter-element coupledmodelmethod are basically consistent with those of the other two commonly used methods,and the confidence factor is less than 0.05,indicating that the cloudbased physical element coupled model method is reasonable and practical for towering structure overturning;(3)the cloud-based coupled element model method,which confirms the reliability of risk level by performing Spearman correlation on comprehensive assessment scores,can provide more comprehensive information of instances compared with other methods,and more comprehensively reflects the fuzzy uncertainty relationship between assessment indexes,which makes the assessment results more realistic,scientific and reliable.

Internal Force Distribution in Steel-Concrete Composite Structure for Pylon of Cable-Stayed Bridge

Adopting a steel-anchor beam and steel corbel composite structure in the anchor zone on pylon is one of the key techniques for the design of Jintang bridge, a cable-stayed bridge in Zhoushan, China. In order to ensure the safety of the steel-concrete composite structure, a stud connector model for the joint section was put forward. Experiments were conducted to obtain the relation between load and slip of specimen, the failure pattern of stud connector, the yield bearing capacity and ultimate bearing capacity of a single stud, etc. The whole process of the structural behavior of the specimen was comprehensively analyzed. The features of the internal force distribution in the steel-concrete composite structure and the strain distribution of stud connector under different loads were emphatically studied. The test results show that the stud connector is applicable for the steel-concrete composite structure for pylon of Jintang bridge. The stud has a good ductility performance and a obvious yield process before its destruction. The stud connector basically works in a state of elasticity under a load less than the yield load.

Influence of Wind Turbine Structural Parameters on Wind Shear and Tower Shadow Effect

To overcome the problems of natural decreases in power quality,and to eliminate wind speed fluctuation due to wind shear and tower shadow effect arising from wind turbine structural parameters,an improved prediction model accounting for the dual effect of wind shear and tower shadow is,in this paper,built.Compared to the conventional prediction model,the proposed model contains a new constraint condition,which makes the disturbance term caused by the tower shadow effect always negative so that the prediction result is closer to the actual situation.Furthermore,wind turbine structural parameters such as hub height,rotor diameter,the diameter of the tower top,and rotor overhang on wind shear and tower shadow effect are also explored in detail.The results show that the wind shear effect became weaker with the increase in hub height.The hub height is independent of the tower shadow effect.The rotor diameter is positively correlated with the wind shear and tower shadow effect.The tower shadow effect is positively correlated with the diameter of the tower top and negatively correlated with the rotor overhang.

Dynamic analysis of wind turbine tower structures in complex ocean environment

Studying and analyzing the dynamic behavior of offshore wind turbines are of great importance to ensure the safety and improve the efficiency of such expensive equipments.In this work,a tapered beam model is proposed to investigate the dynamic response of an offshore wind turbine tower on the monopile foundation assembled with rotating blades in the complex ocean environment.Several environment factors like wind,wave,current,and soil resistance are taken into account.The proposed model is ana-lytically solved with the Galerkin method.Based on the numerical results,the effects of various structure parameters including the taper angle,the height and thickness of the tower,the depth,and the diameter and the cement filler of the monopile on the funda-mental natural frequency of the wind turbine tower system are investigated in detail.It is found that the fundamental natural frequency decreases with the increase in the taper angle and the height and thickness of the tower,and increases with the increase in the diameter of the monopile.Moreover,filling cement into the monopile can effectively im-prove the fundamental natural frequency of the wind turbine tower system,but there is a critical value of the amount of cement maximizing the property of the monopile.This research may be helpful in the design and safety evaluation of offshore wind turbines.

Equivalent Simplifying of Tower Structure and Its Application in Overall Analysis of Offshore Platform

Based on some mechanical principles, this paper presents a new way for simplifying the tower structure on the platform, i. e., substituting the three-dimensional tower structure by using beam elements. For the overall analysis of offshore platform, this method can not only save man- power and computer time, but also get better results. This paper introduces the equivalent-simplifying method and its application in engineering.

Connecting parameters optimization on unsymmetrical twin-tower structure linked by sky-bridge

Based on a simplified 3-DOF model of twin-tower structure linked by a sky-bridge,the frequency response functions,the displacement power spectral density(PSD)functions,and the time-averaged total vibration energy were derived,by assuming the white noise as the earthquake excitation.The effects of connecting parameters,such as linking stiffness ratio and linking damping ratio,on the structural vibration responses were then studied,and the optimal connecting parameters were obtained to minimize the vibration energy of either the independent monomer tower or the integral structure.The influences of sky-bridge elevation position on the optimal connecting parameters were also discussed.Finally,the distribution characteristics of the top displacement PSD and the structural responses,excited by El Centro,Taft and artificial waves,were compared in both frequency and time domain.It is found that the connecting parameters at either end of connection interactively affect the responses of the towers.The optimal connecting parameters can greatly improve the damping connections on their seismic reduction effectiveness,but are unable to reduce the seismic responses of the towers to the best extent simultaneously.It is also indicated that the optimal connecting parameters derived from the simplified 3-DOF model are applicable for two multi-story structures linked by a sky-bridge with dampers.The seismic reduction effectiveness obtained varies from 0.3 to 1.0 with different sky-bridge mass ratio.The displacement responses of the example structures are reduced by approximately 22% with sky-bridge connections.

Static behavior of semi-rigid thin-walled steel-concrete composite beam-to-column joints with bolted partial-depth flush end plate:experimental study

A new type of semi-rigid thin-walled steel-concrete composite beam-to-column joint has been proposed in this paper.Five semi-rigid composite beam-to-column joint specimens subjected to hogging moments under monotonic loading were tested to study the static behavior of this new type of joint.The main variable parameters for the five joint specimens were the longitudinal reinforcement ratio and the joint type.The experimental results designated that the magnitude of extension of the longitudinal reinforcement is the most important factor that influenced the moment-rotation characteristic of the new type of joint.The concrete slabs could resist 3.8%-19.1% of the total shear load applied to the cross-sections near the beam-to-column connection.The edge stiffened elements,such as the flange of the lipped I-section thin-walled steel beam,were capable of having considerable inelastic deformation capacity although they had comparatively large width-to-thickness ratios.The shear failure of the concrete cantilever edge strip must be taken into account in practical design because it has significant influence on the anchorage of the longitudinal reinforcement in the new type of external joints.

The Coupling Effect of Spatial Reticulated Shell Structure with Cables

The spatial reticulated shell structure with cables (RSC) is a kind of coupling working system, which consists of flexible cables, reticulated shell structure (RS) and tower columns. The dynamic analysis of RSC based on the coupling model was carried out. Three kinds of elements such as the spatial bar element, cable element and beam element were introduced to analyze the reticulated shell, cable and tower column respectively. Furthermore, such parameter influences as structural boundary conditions, grid configuration, the span-to-depth ratio and the arrangement of cable system upon structural dynamics were analyzed. The structural vibration modes can be divided into four groups based on some numerical examples. And the frequencies in the same group are very close while the frequencies in different groups are different from each other obviously. It is clear that the sequence of the appearance of the each mode group heavily depends on the comparative stiffness of the tower column system, RS and cables.

Flexural stiffness characterization of the corrugated steel-concrete composite structure for tunnel projects

Corrugated steel–concrete(CSC)composite structures are increasingly used in tunnel and culvert projects due to their good mechanical properties.The design of CSC composite structures is often governed by deflection limits in service,hence it becomes crucial to evaluate accurately their flexural stiffness.In this work,the deflection deformation mechanism of CSC composite structure is studied by experimental and numerical methods,and a simplified formula for calculating the flexural stiffness is established.In addition,the deflection results obtained by different methods are compared and analyzed.It is found that:(1)the flexural stiffness of the CSC composite structure is constant only when the load is small,and after the bending moment exceeds a certain value,the flexural stiffness will gradually become smaller as the bending moment increases.(2)The value of the bending moment corresponding to the end of the elastic stage of the bending moment-deflection curve increases with the increase of the axial force in the composite structure.(3)As the axial force of the composite structure increases,the flexural bearing capacity of the structure increases first and then decreases.

装配式混凝土建筑施工现场群塔布置的影响因素分析

装配式混凝土建筑的预制构件类型繁多、数量大,现场吊装作业任务量大。装配式混凝土建筑施工现场进行群塔布置时需要考虑塔吊的选型、施工场地和道路情况、塔吊的站位和群塔作业防碰撞要求等因素。在保证群塔施工中相互运行安全的前提下,群塔的合理布置应可最大限度地提高群塔利用效率,满足施工要求。

四塔支承超大直径圆环复杂结构设计

上海临港新片区新建一幢地标建筑,该建筑为四幢46.8 m高的塔楼支承一个直径150 m、高度8.6 m的超大直径圆环,结构复杂。结构主要特点是超大直径圆环内侧采用倒三角形空间桁架、楼面梁采用变截面悬挑钢梁,四幢塔楼采用钢框架-屈曲约束支撑-屈曲约束钢板墙结构体系,超大直径圆环和四幢支承塔楼之间采用一个对角铰接、另一个对角滑动支座加黏滞阻尼器的连接方式。由于建筑师的要求,超大直径圆环横截面为外侧开口的C形截面,如何克服圆环外侧开口带来的扭转作用是设计难点。主要进行了支承塔楼的结构设计和计算分析,超大直径圆环的结构选型和抗扭性能研究,圆环和支承塔楼连接设计,支承塔楼和圆环组成的整体结构计算分析,整体结构大震下弹塑性时程分析。设计和研究成果可为圆环结构、多个塔楼共同支承一个上部结构等类似工程设计提供借鉴。

GFRP布无损加固输电铁塔角钢受力性能研究

针对现役输电铁塔在覆冰、风荷载、边坡变形等作用下可能存在承载力不足的问题,研究玻璃纤维增强复合材料(GFRP)布无损加固铁塔角钢的受力性能。首先,利用文献中的物理试验对加固钢材数值试验方法进行验证;其次,以铁塔角钢为研究对象,基于验证的数值试验方法建立72组有限元分析模型,探讨长细比、GFRP布粘贴层数、粘贴长度等因素对角钢极限承载力的影响;最后,推导并改进GFRP布角钢复合构件理论承载力计算方法。结果表明:不同长细比对构件极限承载力影响较大,当角钢长细比大于70时,加固后的承载力提升不明显;增加GFRP布粘贴层数,角钢承载力大幅提升,粘贴8层GFRP布的承载力提升率最高达41.03%;柱中GFRP布粘贴长度为75%与粘贴长度为100%的角钢极限承载力相比提升不大,仅为0.27%~2.10%;对推导的GFRP布角钢复合构件理论承载力计算方法引入修正系数后,数值试验与理论计算值相对误差缩小至-2.70%~1.77%,有效提升理论解计算精度。在对现役铁塔加固时,只需对角钢全长的75%粘贴6~8层GFRP布进行加固,且对于长细比λ≤70的角钢加固效果更好。

鲜花湖特大桥主桥设计研究

鲜花湖特大桥是G4222和县至襄阳高速公路舒城(千人桥)至金寨(皖豫界)段的主要控制性工程之一。主桥采用(118+220+118)m预应力混凝土部分斜拉桥,塔梁墩固结体系;上部结构采用单箱三室大悬臂斜腹板宽幅箱形主梁,人字形主塔,单索面扇形、横向双排布置斜拉索;下部结构结合现场环境,采用X形双肢薄壁墩、群桩基础。鲜花湖特大桥主桥构造新颖美观,融合了结构设计与景观需求。通过系统介绍该桥设计方案、结构和主要计算结果,以供同类项目参考。

钢管混凝土输电塔地震易损性研究

钢管混凝土输电塔,由于混凝土与钢管相互作用,使得其地震易损性不同于普通混凝土输电塔。为了对比研究它们的地震易损性区别,从材料本构模型层面考虑钢管与核心混凝土的相互作用,使用有限元软件OpenSees建立钢管混凝土输电塔模型,对其进行结构响应分析,并进一步采用增量动力分析方法绘制输电塔在多遇、设防、罕遇和极罕遇地震时的易损性曲线,定量分析出地震的第一周期谱加速度对于钢管混凝土输电塔失效概率的影响,同时与普通输电塔的地震易损性结果进行对比。研究结果表明:钢管混凝土输电塔在多遇、设防、罕遇、极罕遇地震作用下均不易发生严重破坏和倒塌,钢管混凝土输电塔出现倒塌时的Sa(T1)多位于1.0g~1.4g;随着地震强度的增加,钢管混凝土输电塔相较于普通输电塔的抗震性能更差。

带高位大悬挑的多塔连体结构超限分析与设计

武汉全球公共采购交易服务总部基地项目6~8号楼是三塔多重复杂连体结构,各塔间刚性连接体跨度25.2m,顶部两层南侧和东侧分别设置悬挑8.4m和6.0m的高位长悬挑结构,是具有6项不规则项的超限高层建筑。工程混合采用混凝土结构、钢结构和组合结构体系,并使用预应力技术。本文介绍了该项目抗震性能化设计过程,采用多种软件对小震、中震和大震作用下的结构及构件性能进行分析。对以下重点问题进行专项分析:采用时程法和反应谱法得出6度区连体和悬挑结构的最小竖向地震作用系数;分析温度作用下超长结构的楼板应力,分析悬挑结构在其上下层引起的楼板应力,验算大震作用下连接体楼板的抗剪承载力;验算连接体楼盖舒适度。结合分析结果和工程特点,采取相应加强措施,实现了良好的抗震效果。

海上漂浮式风电机组塔筒优化方法研究

为适应复杂多变的海上环境,高效利用风资源、减少用钢成本,开展漂浮式风电机组塔筒的结构优化设计。以船载风电机组为研究对象,引入漂浮式基础的动态响应,作为影响塔筒弯曲变形的重要约束条件。在保证风电机组稳定功率输出的前提下,以质量最轻为优化目标,以塔筒构造要求和规范为基本约束条件,建立漂浮式基础风电机组塔筒的数值优化模型,并利用遗传算法完成了模型优化。结果显示,在保证风电机组稳定性和正常功率输出要求下,塔筒的质量降低了35%,刚度提高了25%。

基于BP-Adaboost算法的输电塔-线结构整体可靠性分析

针对传统结构可靠性分析方法的应用局限性和计算成本较大等不足,引入BP-Adaboost集成学习算法,提出一种准确高效、简单易行的输电塔线结构整体可靠性分析方法。首先,建立输电塔线结构有限元分析模型,分析结构的失效准则并推导相应的极限状态功能函数;然后,将BP-Adaboost集成学习算法与蒙特卡洛模拟方法相结合,建立高精度预测模型来替代分析过程复杂的有限元模型,提出基于BP-Adaboost模型的输电塔线结构整体可靠性分析方法;最后,通过数值算例对所提方法进行应用与验证,证明所提方法具有更高的精度和效率,并进一步将其应用于实际输电塔线结构工程,分析多失效模式下输电塔线结构的整体可靠性。

塔顶排架结构对进水塔动力响应的影响

进水塔顶部启闭机室通常为排架结构,地震时往往先发生损坏导致水电站无法正常运行。为探索塔顶排架结构对进水塔动力响应的影响,针对某抽水蓄能电站下水库的进水口结构动力响应开展研究。基于双自由度无阻尼简化体系进行理论探索,并采用三维非线性有限元数值模拟方法计算进水塔有、无塔顶排架两种工况的自振特性、位移、加速度、应力、损伤体积比和能量耗散等指标来对比研究。任意时刻的地震反应用时程分析法求解,并引入黏弹性人工边界模拟地基辐射阻尼作用。结果表明,地震时进水塔—排架系统可能会产生鞭梢效应进而减小进水塔的动力响应。塔顶排架使进水塔的自振频率提高约2.10%~3.80%,使塔体关键点最大相对位移的最大值及最大加速度的最大值减小,减幅分别大于23.94%、22.30%。有排架时进水塔的拉应力降低而压应力增大,损伤体积比、塑性耗散能、损伤耗散能最大可减小23.93%以上。塔顶排架结构可以减小进水塔地震动力响应,对进水塔的抗震性能具有积极影响。

不同风速对单桩式海上风电机组塔筒动态特性的影响

基于ANSYS有限元软件对NREL 5 MW单桩式海上风电机组塔筒系统进行三维实体建模,在考虑土构耦合与叶轮旋转作用下,模拟分析不同风速对塔筒结构动态响应特性的影响。选取机组切入风速3 m/s与切出风速25 m/s区间内6种平均风速及与之对应的叶轮转速作为模拟工况,分析结果表明:随着风速和叶轮转速的增加,塔筒结构的模态频率逐渐增大,前两阶模态频率变化最为明显;塔筒位移量峰值增大,但增幅减小,位移量呈非线性增长趋势;塔筒等效应力值随之增大,但变化趋势与位移量不同,大致为线性增长;塔筒疲劳寿命急剧下降,但都远超实际工作时长,疲劳损伤与安全系数危险值主要分布在塔筒底部与单桩处,与最大等效应力分布位置吻合。