Numerical Simulation Analysis of Welded Joints in Arch Ribs of Large Span Steel Pipe Arch Bridges

In order to study the residual stress distribution law of welded joints of arch ribs of large-span steel pipe concrete arch bridges,numerical simulation of temperature,stress and strain fields based on ABAQUS for welded joints of arch-ribbed steel tubes using 7-,8-and 9-layer welds is carried out and its accuracy is demonstrated.The steel pipe welding temperature changes,residual stress distribution,different processes residual stress changes in the law,the prediction of post-weld residual stress distribution and deformation are studied in this paper.The results show that the temperature field values and test results are more consistent with the accuracy of numerical simulation of welding,the welding process is mainly in the form of heat transfer;Residual high stresses are predominantly distributed in the Fusion zone(FZ)and Heat-affected zone(HAZ),with residual stress levels tending to decrease from the center of the weld along the axial path,the maximum stress appears in the FZ and HAZ junction;The number of welding layers has an effect on the residual stress distribution,the number of welding layers increases,the residual stress tends to decrease,while the FZ and HAZ high stress area range shrinks;Increasing the number of plies will increase the amount of residual distortion.

Determination of initial cable force of cantilever casting concrete arch bridge using stress balance and influence matrix methods

Cantilever casting concrete arch bridge using form traveller has a broad application prospect.However,it is difficult to obtain reasonable initial cable force in construction stage.In this study,stress balance and influence matrix methods were developed to determine the initial cable force of cantilever casting concrete arch bridge.The stress balance equation and influence matrix of arch rib critical section were established,and the buckle cable force range was determined by the allowable stress of arch rib critical section.Then a group of buckle cable forces were selected and substituted into the stress balance equation,and the reasonable initial buckle cable force was determined through iteration.Based on the principle of force balance,the initial anchor cable force was determined.In an engineering application example,it is shown that the stress balance and influence matrix methods for the determination of initial cable force are feasible and reliable.The initial cable forces of arch rib segments only need to be adjusted once in the corresponding construction process,which improves the working efficiency and reduces the construction risk.It is found that the methods have great advantages for determining initial cable force in cantilever casting construction process of concrete arch bridge.

Approach for analyzing the ultimate strength of concrete filled steel tubular arch bridges with stiffening girder

A convenient approach is proposed for analyzing the ultimate load carrying capacity of concrete filled steel tubular (CFST) arch bridge with stiffening girders. A fiber model beam element is specially used to simulate the stiffening girder and CFST arch rib. The geometric nonlinearity, material nonlinearity, influence of the construction process and the contribution of prestressing reinforcement are all taken into consideration. The accuracy of this method is validated by comparing its results with experimental results. Finally, the ultimate strength of an abnormal CFST arch bridge with stiffening girders is investigated and the effect of construction method is discussed. It is concluded that the construction process has little effect on the ultimate strength of the bridge.

Concrete-Filled Steel Tube Arch Bridges in China

In the past 20 years, great progress has been achieved in China in the construction of concrete-filled steel tube （CFST） arch bridges and concrete arch bridges with a CFST skeleton. The span of these bridges has been increasing rapidly, which is rare in the history of bridge development. The large-scale construction of expressways and high-speed railways demands the development of long-span arch bridges, and advances in design and construction techniques have made it possible to construct such bridges. In the present study, the current status, development, and major innovative technologies of CFST arch bridges and concrete arch bridges with a CFST skeleton in China are elaborated. This paper covers the key con- struction technologies of CFST arch bridges, such as the design, manufacture, and installation of steel tube arch trusses, the preparation and pouring of in-tube concrete, and the construction of the world＇s longest CFST arch bridge-the First Hejiang Yangtze River Bridge. The main construction technologies of rein- forced concrete arch bridges are also presented, which include cable-stayed fastening-hanging cantilever assembly, adjusting the load by means of stay cables, surrounding the concrete for arch rib pouring, and so forth. In addition, the construction of two CFST skeleton concrete arch bridges-the Guangxi Yongning Yong River Bridge and the Yunnan-Guangxi Railway Nanpan River Bridge--is discussed. CFST arch bridges in China have already gained a world-leading position; with the continuous innovation of key technologies, China will become the new leader in promoting the development of arch bridges.

Time-dependent behavior comparison of long-span concrete arch bridge between prototype and model

Beipanjiang Bridge is a long-span concrete arch bridges with stiffened skeleton(CABSS)in China.It has a fixed end arch with the span of 445 m and the rise of 100 m.To evaluate the rationality of the construction sequence and the time-dependent behavior of CABSS,an experimental study of a model bridge was explored.But the measured displacement and stress ratios of arch rib between prototype and model bridge did not subject to linear similarity relation when the time-dependent behavior was considered.So,the three-dimensional finite element models were established,and verified by the measured data.Then,the displacements and stresses of the prototype and model were compared with each other,when the elastic analysis or coupling of temperature and shrinkage,creep effect was considered.Furthermore,a parametric study was studied.The results showed that when the temperature,shrinkage and creep effect of concrete are considered,the finite element analysis results of prototype and model agree well with the measured results.The displacement and stress ratios of prototype and model bridge in construction and bridge completed stage do not present the geometric similarity ratio 7.5 and 1.0,respectively.They are also much influenced by concrete predicting model and variation of temperature.

Analysis on Construction Technology of Reinforced Concrete Tied Arch Bridge

Bridge construction has received a lot of attention as transportation continues to improve.Reinforced concrete linked arch bridges are a common bridge style in today’s bridge construction.This type of bridge not only has a basic and generous shape,but it is also incredibly easy to construct,resulting in significant material and construction cost savings.This article analyzes the construction technology of a reinforced concrete linked arch bridge in order to achieve good construction and application.It is hoped that this analysis can provide a scientific reference for the guarantee of the construction quality and subsequent application effect of this kind of bridge.

The New Arched Bridge over Dnipro in Kyiv

The Podilskyi Arch bridge is crossing the Dnipro River in center of Kiev and is part of a 7.4 km long link which connects the center of Kiev with the “sleeping district” on the left bank of the river. The bridge has a main span of 344 m intended for six lanes of vehicles in the top level and two metro lines in the bottom level plus large diameter water pipes. The bridge is of steel, except of the reinforced concrete bases of the lower parts of the arches. The draft design works began in 1991 and in 2005 parallel design and construction work started. Due to the financial crisis in Ukraine, the work was interrupted for several years but construction recommenced in 2018 and the bridge is now planned to be completed in 2020 and the first stage of the transition in 2022.

瓮马铁路乌江特大桥设计关键技术研究

新建瓮马铁路乌江特大桥跨越两山之间深谷,地形复杂、设计难度大。为研究该桥梁方案,首先阐述了主桥的方案构思和结构设计,然后通过空间有限元软件对本桥进行静、动力仿真分析,总结了大跨铁路劲性骨架混凝土拱桥构造和受力特性。结果表明:主跨337 m上承式劲性骨架混凝土拱桥具有刚度大、徐变小、后期养护维修工作量小等优点,主拱圈采用小矢跨比设计,兼顾安全、经济、环保和美观,能够满足铁路桥梁跨越山区“V”形峡谷的要求;主拱圈由劲性钢管混凝土骨架外包C55无收缩混凝土构成,通过分层分段浇筑方案改善拱圈各构件的内力;拱上结合梁采用两片工字形钢与混凝土桥面板相结合的形式,钢梁栓焊结合,便于制造、运输和施工;拱座采用梯形断面扩大基础,基础开挖永临结合,有效降低施工风险;数值分析表明该桥结构的刚度、强度、稳定性均能满足规范要求,能够满足客货共线铁路的安全性和乘坐舒适性要求。可为其他山区铁路桥梁桥式研究提供参考。

Recent Construction Technology Innovations and Practices for Large-Span Arch Bridges in China

Arch bridges provide significant technical and economic benefits under suitable conditions.In particular,concrete-filled steel tubular(CFST)arch bridges and steel-reinforced concrete(SRC)arch bridges are two types of arch bridges that have gained great economic competitiveness and span growth potential due to advancements in construction technology,engineering materials,and construction equipment over the past 30 years.Under the leadership of the author,two record-breaking arch bridges—that is,the Pingnan Third Bridge(a CFST arch bridge),with a span of 560 m,and the Tian’e Longtan Bridge(an SRC arch bridge),with a span of 600 m—have been built in the past five years,embodying great technological breakthroughs in the construction of these two types of arch bridges.This paper takes these two arch bridges as examples to systematically summarize the latest technological innovations and practices in the construction of CFST arch bridges and SRC arch bridges in China.The technological innovations of CFST arch bridges include cable-stayed fastening-hanging cantilevered assembly methods,new in-tube concrete materials,in-tube concrete pouring techniques,a novel thrust abutment foundation for nonrocky terrain,and measures to reduce the quantity of temporary facilities.The technological innovations of SRC arch bridges involve arch skeleton stiffness selection,the development of encasing concrete materials,encasing concrete pouring,arch rib stress mitigation,and longitudinal reinforcement optimization.To conclude,future research focuses and development directions for these two types of arch bridges are proposed.

长阳天池口清江特大桥主拱圈悬臂浇筑斜拉扣挂系统设计

长阳天池口清江特大桥主桥为净跨径242 m的非对称上承式钢筋混凝土拱桥,主拱圈采用单箱单室截面,宽9.5 m、高4.0 m。资丘岸和五峰岸半跨主拱圈各分为24个和21个节段,第1个节段采用支架现浇,其余节段采用斜拉扣挂悬臂浇筑法施工。扣索采用星式和扇形组合方式布置,位于墩顶和扣塔的扣索为星式布置,位于交界墩墩身的扣索为扇形布置,并将墩身上的扣锚索设计成连续索以避免在墩身上搭设张拉平台;扣塔由8根∅800 mm×16 mm钢管组成,两岸扣塔分别高52.68 m和60.12 m;根据锚索最大索力,设计了能承受800 kN张拉力的岩锚索。建立主拱圈悬臂浇筑施工阶段MIDAS Civil有限元模型,对斜拉扣挂系统扣锚索索力进行计算,通过拆除部分扣索和调整扣锚索索力,施工期间主拱圈截面最大拉应力、扣塔最大偏位、主拱圈成拱后线形均满足要求。

钢筋混凝土拱桥加固施工次序方案及效果评价

为研究钢筋混凝土拱桥最优的加固施工次序,以一座在役4跨箱形拱桥的加固方案为背景,设计了3组针对性的加固方案,并对不同拆除加固施工次序下的主拱圈力学性能进行了分析;采用恒载应力变化率(αD)和荷载效应变化率(αN)评价了施工中拱圈的应力变化规律及加固后原拱圈的荷载效应。研究结果表明:拱上结构的拆建次序对加固后主拱圈的力学性能影响较小,但对加固过程中主拱圈的受力状态影响较大;拱顶对称拆除时αD<0,结构处于“卸载”状态,有利于拱桥施工中的受力;αN随着拱上结构恒载减小而增大,且增速减缓,故加固层材料利用率也随拱上结构恒载减小而增大,且增幅变缓;αN越大,则加固效果越好。

外包钢壳混凝土拱形桥塔节段拼装几何姿态预测研究

赣州市集结大桥主桥为外包钢壳混凝土拱形桥塔斜拉桥,为确保钢混组合拱形桥塔节段拼装精准合龙,采用MIDAS Civil软件建立拱形桥塔空间几何模型,分析外包钢壳和混凝土湿重对桥塔变形的影响,采用切线初始位移法对桥塔施工阶段位移进行预测,通过求解制造线形对桥塔待拼装节段进行预偏修正,并与实测数据进行对比。结果表明:外包钢壳能显著减小桥塔变形;施工阶段桥塔变形主要由混凝土湿重引起,临时支撑能有效减小混凝土浇筑产生的横向变形。基于切线初始位移法的几何姿态预测方法能有效预测桥塔拼装全过程几何姿态,实测成桥阶段桥塔各节段最大偏位为6 mm,小于施工控制要求,具有较高的实施精度,可保证成桥状态下桥塔几何姿态的准确性。

钢筋混凝土拱桥主拱圈加固方式及效果研究

目的 寻求钢筋混凝土拱桥主拱圈最佳加固方式,以改善加固效果,给同类危旧拱桥加固提供参考。方法 基于某实际加固桥例提出3种不同卸载方式的加固改造方案,采用Midas civil软件建立有限元模型,分析不同加固方式的影响规律;对原拱圈初始应力水平、施工阶段内力、成桥状态下应力、内力及挠度进行分析;利用加固层最大应力比、荷载置换率和挠度变化率对加固效果进行评价。结果 方案三的加固层最大应力比分别比方案一、二大45.12%与52.74%,荷载置换效果最显著,最大值达3.82,挠度变化率最大。结论 选择拱上建筑拆除得越多的方式进行加固,加固效果越好;对钢筋混凝土拱桥进行加固时,应基于加固方式制定加固施工方案,同时需考虑施工工期与加固成本。

基于响应面法的钢管混凝土系杆拱桥有限元模型修正

为探讨将钢管混凝土系杆拱桥有限元模型修正方法应用于实际工程性能评估的有效性,以某80 m单拱面钢管混凝土系杆拱桥为工程背景,采用Midas Civil与ANSYS有限元软件分别建立全桥梁格模型与拱脚精细化数值模型,基于径向基函数网络的响应面法对此多尺度模型进行修正。首先根据结构特点和实桥试验选取修正参数与目标函数,以中心复合试验设计构造不同修正水平下的修正参数样本,通过桥梁有限元模型计算得到对应的目标函数样本,并利用F检验法对修正参数的显著性水平进行判断;然后,以修正参数样本与目标函数样本分别作为响应面的输入输出,对径向基函数网络进行拟合训练;最后在修正范围内随机生成修正参数样本,并利用训练好的径向基网络预测对应的目标函数,采用期望度函数D进行优化处理以完成有限元模型的修正。研究结果表明:对于单拱面钢管混凝土系杆拱桥的有限元模型,可以通过径向基函数网络的响应面法进行修正,对比实测数据,修正后的模型误差有明显下降,可作为结构再分析的基准模型;对于使用不同程序建立的多尺度桥梁有限元模型,模型修正方法依旧有效,修正后的参数具有明确的物理意义,其误差可降到工程实践接受范围之内。研究结果为建立与修正钢管混凝土系杆拱桥的有限元模型提供参考。

车辆荷载作用下钢-混凝土组合梁疲劳应力分析

【目的】随着桥梁服役期延长和车辆荷载增加等多种因素的影响,结构承载力会变得越来越弱,疲劳寿命不断降低,最终可能导致低应力疲劳破坏。因此有必要对车辆荷载下拱桥钢混组合梁的疲劳细节应力进行研究。【方法】采用数值模拟的方法,利用Midas FEA NX软件建立3个标准长度的三维实体精细有限元模型,分析钢混组合梁易损疲劳关键点的位置,并研究车辆荷载横向最不利加载位置和纵向加载下的疲劳细节应力变化规律。【结果】结果表明,组合梁次横梁与中纵梁交点处有三处疲劳关键点;靠近桥梁中线位置是车辆荷载下钢梁疲劳最不利的横向加载位置;四种不同标准的纵向车辆加载时,三个疲劳关键点均出现两次应力峰值,且最大应力幅值均低于常幅疲劳强度的极限值。【结论】研究成果可为钢-混凝土组合梁试验和相关研究提供参考。

100 m~150 m跨混凝土拱桥基于特定钢拱架的预拱度快速计算方法

针对100 m~150 m跨混凝土拱桥所采用的特定钢拱架的预拱度计算问题,提出了一种用拱圈自重变形和钢拱架变形比值快速计算钢拱架预拱度的方法。为了得到不同矢跨比和拱轴系数下的钢拱架变形比值,编写了通过导入MCT文件建立Midas/Civil有限元模型的辅助程序,实现从单元、边界条件、施工阶段和施工阶段联合截面定义的全过程快速建模,对拱圈混凝土分底板、腹板、顶板三环浇筑,考虑钢拱架与拱圈的联合作用,给出了钢拱架预拱度计算公式。计算结果表明,对于常用矢跨比和拱轴系数的混凝土拱桥,拱圈分环浇筑变形与拱圈自重变形比值的平均值为4.37~4.88,为方便钢拱架弹性变形计算,建议变形比值统一取5.0。将该方法应用于一座净跨径为135 m的混凝土拱桥钢拱架预拱度计算中,得到的钢拱架弹性变形与空间模型结果最大误差为4.30%,满足工程精度要求,表明该方法合理可行,可在混凝土拱桥钢拱架预拱度计算中推广应用。

曲线条件大跨度拱加劲连续梁设计

贵南高铁二塘双线特大桥采用90m+180m+90m拱加劲连续梁结构。大桥位于曲线上,梁体采用分段直线布置,悬灌施工;主拱采用哑铃形钢管混凝土拱肋,钢管直径1 m,拱肋全高3 m;采用整束挤压钢绞线吊杆,全桥拱设置36组吊杆;纵向活动主墩通过构造措施,形成半刚构结构体系,限制部分梁体问题伸缩变形;大桥采用先悬灌主梁,后在主梁上搭设支架原位拼装拱肋方式施工。经论文研究计算结果表明,该桥刚度、受力等均满足规范要求。

斜拉扣挂悬臂浇筑拱桥扣索力与锚索力确定方法研究

为解决钢筋混凝土拱桥拱圈悬臂浇筑施工过程中,由悬浇节段自重和挂篮重引起的部分拱圈截面拉应力与塔架偏位过大的问题,提出扣索力与锚索力确定方法。该方法基于应力叠加原理和影响矩阵确定扣索力,给出当拱圈截面拉应力不满足要求时的扣索拆除判定方法;提出通过锚索力修正系数主动调控扣索力与锚索力,使塔架产生与拱圈悬浇阶段数值接近、方向相反的偏位,给出能同时满足拱圈应力、塔架偏位和成拱线形要求的扣索力与锚索力的计算流程。以净跨径180 m的混凝土拱桥——毕节白甫河管桥为背景,开展扣索力、锚索力以及锚索力修正系数的计算,对扣索力、锚索力、拱圈应力、成拱线形和两岸塔架偏位的计算值和实测值进行对比验证。结果表明:利用所提方法得到的扣索力、锚索力与实际张拉力最大相差6.02%,该桥施工时,依次拆除5组扣索,使拱圈截面拉应力均满足设计要求;塔架偏位实测最大值为3.3 cm,满足小于最大容许偏位4.0 cm的要求;拱圈截面实测最大拉应力为1.74 MPa,满足小于1.8 MPa的拉应力设计要求,成拱线形与裸拱线形最大偏差为0.5 cm,拱圈线形良好,验证了所提方法的可行性。

不均匀温度场下钢管混凝土拱桥管内混凝土脱空分析

为了解不均匀温度场作用下钢管混凝土拱桥管内混凝土脱空原因,依托高原山区某跨径430 m的钢管混凝土拱桥,进行强辐射、大温差联合作用下拱肋拱顶节段足尺模型试验,分析模型温度场分布,并对该不均匀温度场作用下管内混凝土脱空机理进行研究。结果表明:钢管混凝土拱桥水化阶段和运营阶段径向温度场可简化为多段式折线变化规律。14:00时刻,水化阶段温度沿竖直径向(从向阳侧至背阳侧)先减小后升高再减小,在距向阳侧界面D/8~3D/8处(D为钢管内径)存在一个大温差面,运营阶段温度沿竖直径向(从向阳侧至背阳侧)呈先减小后不变再增加的非对称分布规律,从钢管混凝土界面至距其D/8处温度变化大。混凝土水化阶段和运营阶段管内混凝土脱空机理为:在温度场作用下钢管混凝土界面最大纵向应力差分别高达82.6 MPa和61.95 MPa,最大界面径向拉应力分别为0.8 MPa和2.06 MPa,均超过钢管和混凝土间的粘结强度。

基于零位移与无应力状态控制的斜拉扣挂施工扣索力确定方法

大跨度拱桥常采用斜拉扣挂法开展拱肋施工,但在节段拼装过程中扣索索力和拱肋空间位形之间互相影响,索力优化计算以及扣索状态控制问题复杂。提出改进零位移法结合无应力状态控制法的复合扣索力计算方法:基于改进型零位移法快速得到满足成拱线形要求的扣索力大小,基于成拱索力采用无应力状态法反推各施工阶段扣索索力。该复合方法可避免传统零位移法扣索力不准和反复迭代计算的缺陷,施工中扣索可实现一次张拉,后续节段拼装中无需对扣索进行索力调整。以某跨径430 m大跨度钢管混凝土拱桥缆扣合一施工为工程应用背景,采用的零位移法结合无应力状态法对大跨度非对称式钢结构拱肋进行斜拉扣挂拼装的扣索力求解和施工模拟。分析拼装过程中扣索力变化规律,并对比验证实际线形与目标线形偏差,以及拱肋应力与设计应力之间偏差程度。结果表明,所提出的复合算法理论简单且索力求解计算便捷。所求的扣索力可有效保证拱肋拼装完成及松索后拱肋线形和受力均满足要求。