Experimental and analytical study on seismic behavior of steel-concrete multienergy dissipation composite shear walls

In this paper, a steel-concrete multi-energy dissipation composite shear wall, comprised of steel-reinforced concrete （SRC） columns, steel plate （SP） deep beams, a concrete wall and energy dissipation strips, is proposed. In order to study the multi-energy dissipation behavior and restorability after an earthquake, two stages of low cyclic loading tests were carded out on ten test specimens. In the first stage, test on five specimens with different number of SP deep beams was carried out, and the test lasted until the displacement drift reached 2%. In the second stage, thin SPs were welded to both sides of the five specimens tested in the first stage, and the same test was carried out on the repaired specimens （designated as new specimens）. The load-bearing capacity, stiffness, ductility, hysteretic behavior and failure characteristics were analyzed for both stages and the results are discussed herein. Extrapolating from these results, strength calculation models and formulas are proposed herein and simulations using ABAQUS carried out, they show good agreement with the test results. The study demonstrates that SRC columns, SP deep beams, concrete wall and energy dissipation strips cooperate well and play an important role in energy dissipation. In addition, this study shows that the shear wall has good recoverability after an earthquake, and that the welding of thin SP＇s to repair a deformed wall is a practicable technique.

Formwork lateral pressure of precast normal-concrete composite shear walls infilled with self-compacting concrete

Wall cracking and mold expanding due to concrete vibrations can be effectively solved through the application of precast normal-concrete composite shear walls infilled with self-compacting concrete(SCC). However, the high liquidity of SCC will induce a higher lateral pressure. Therefore, it is important to obtain a better understanding of the template lateral pressure. In this work, nine composite shear walls were experimentally investigated, focusing on the effects of two parameters, i.e., the casting rate and the section width of the formwork. The time-varying pressure was monitored during the SCC pouring. It is found that the increase of casting rate from 3.2 m/h to 10.3 m/h resulted in a higher maximum lateral pressure. The higher casting rate led to a longer time required for the lateral pressure to drop to a steady value. There was no correlation between the section width and the rate of decrease in the initial formwork pressure and stable value. Based on the test results, a formula considering the effect of casting speed for the calculation of SCC formwork pressure was established to fill the gap in the current standards and for engineering applications.

Static behavior of semi-rigid thin-walled steel-concrete composite beam-to-column joints with bolted partial-depth flush end plate:experimental study

A new type of semi-rigid thin-walled steel-concrete composite beam-to-column joint has been proposed in this paper.Five semi-rigid composite beam-to-column joint specimens subjected to hogging moments under monotonic loading were tested to study the static behavior of this new type of joint.The main variable parameters for the five joint specimens were the longitudinal reinforcement ratio and the joint type.The experimental results designated that the magnitude of extension of the longitudinal reinforcement is the most important factor that influenced the moment-rotation characteristic of the new type of joint.The concrete slabs could resist 3.8%-19.1% of the total shear load applied to the cross-sections near the beam-to-column connection.The edge stiffened elements,such as the flange of the lipped I-section thin-walled steel beam,were capable of having considerable inelastic deformation capacity although they had comparatively large width-to-thickness ratios.The shear failure of the concrete cantilever edge strip must be taken into account in practical design because it has significant influence on the anchorage of the longitudinal reinforcement in the new type of external joints.

Experimental investigation of engineered geopolymer composite for structural strengthening against blast loads

The recent increase in blast/bombing incidents all over the world has pushed the development of effective strengthening approaches to enhance the blast resistance of existing civil infrastructures.Engineered geopolymer composite(EGC)is a promising material featured by eco-friendly,fast-setting and strain-hardening characteristics for emergent strengthening and construction.However,the fiber optimization for preparing EGC and its protective effect on structural elements under blast scenarios are uncertain.In this study,laboratory tests were firstly conducted to evaluate the effects of fiber types on the properties of EGC in terms of workability,dry shrinkage,and mechanical properties in compression,tension and flexure.The experimental results showed that EGC containing PE fiber exhibited suitable workability,acceptable dry shrinkage and superior mechanical properties compared with other types of fibers.After that,a series of field tests were carried out to evaluate the effectiveness of EGC retrofitting layer on the enhancement of blast performance of typical elements.The tests include autoclaved aerated concrete(AAC)masonry walls subjected to vented gas explosion,reinforced AAC panels subjected to TNT explosion and plain concrete slabs subjected to contact explosion.It was found that EGC could effectively enhance the blast resistance of structural elements in different scenarios.For AAC masonry walls and panels,with the existence of EGC,the integrity of specimens could be maintained,and their deflections and damage were significantly reduced.For plain concrete slabs,the EGC overlay could reduce the diameter and depth of the crater and spallation of specimens.

Analysis and seismic tests of composite shear walls with CFST columns and steel plate deep beams

A composite shear wall concept based on concrete filled steel tube （CFST） columns and steel plate （SP） deep beams is proposed and examined in this study. The new wall is composed of three different energy dissipation elements： CFST columns; SP deep beams; and reinforced concrete （RC） strips. The RC strips are intended to allow the core structural elements - the CFST columns and SP deep beams - to work as a single structure to consume energy. Six specimens of different configurations were tested under cyclic loading. The resulting data are analyzed herein. In addition, numerical simulations of the stress and damage processes for each specimen were carried out, and simulations were completed for a range of location and span-height ratio variations for the SP beams. The simulations show good agreement with the test results. The core structure exhibits a ductile yielding mechanism characteristic of strong column-weak beam structures, hysteretic curves are plump and the composite shear wall exhibits several seismic defense lines. The deformation of the shear wall specimens with encased CFST column and SP deep beam design appears to be closer to that of entire shear walls. Establishing optimal design parameters for the configuration of SP deep beams is pivotal to the best seismic behavior of the wall. The new composite shear wall is therefore suitable for use in the seismic design of building structures.

Experimental study on out-of-plane seismic performance of precast composite sidewalls of utility tunnel with grouting-sleeve joints

The precast composite reinforced concrete wall with the advantages of fewer joints,superior impermeability and rapid construction provides an efficient and environmental friendly alternative in the construction of underground utility tunnels in the last few years.To investigate the seismic performance of precast concrete composite walls of utility tunnels with grouting-sleeve connection under out-ofplane loads,a series of quasi-static cyclic tests were performed on the full-scale sidewall specimens with different axial compression ratios in this study.The experimental results including the failure modes,crack distributions,and the influence of different connections on the out-of-plane seismic performance of precast concrete composite wall were carefully examined and compared with those from the cyclic tests of the cast-in-place sidewalls of the utility tunnel.The test results show that the seismic performance of the precast concrete composite sidewall specimen,such as the hysteresis curves,the ultimate bearing capacity,stiffness degradation pattern and the ductility ratio,is basically the same as that of the cast-in-place specimen,indicating that the seismic performance of the prefabricated structure is equivalent to that of the cast-in-place structure.Moreover,the grouting-sleeves of the joints can effectively transfer the reinforcement stress until the failure of the precast concrete composite sidewall specimens,which exhibits excellent out-of-plane ductility and serviceability.

Function-Integrative Textile Reinforced Concrete Shells

This paper presents the development and technological implementation of textile reinforced concrete (TRC) shells with integrated functions, such as illumination and light control. In that regard the establishment of material, structural and technological foundations along the entire value chain are of central importance: From the light-weight design idea to the demonstrator and reference object, to the technological implementation for the transfer of the research results into practice. The development of the material included the requirement-oriented composition of a high-strength fine grained concrete with an integrated textile reinforcement, such as carbon knitted fabrics. Innovations in formwork solutions provide new possibilities for concrete constructions. So, a bionic optimized shape of the pavilion was developed, realized by four connected TRC-lightweight-shells. The thin-walled TRC-shells were manufactured with a formwork made of glass-fibre reinforced polymer (GFRP). An advantage of the GFRP-formwork is the freedom of design concerning the formwork shape. Moreover, an excellent concrete quality can be achieved, while the production of the precast concrete components is simple and efficient simultaneously. After the production the new TRC-shells were installed and assembled on the campus of TU-Chemnitz. A special feature of the research pavilions are the LED light strips integrated in the shell elements, providing homogeneous illumination.

装配式轻钢框架-轻钢骨架轻混凝土墙板结构抗震性能

为研究装配式轻钢框架-轻钢骨架轻混凝土墙板结构抗震性能,对1个足尺轻钢框架结构试件和3个足尺轻钢框架-轻钢骨架轻混凝土墙板结构试件进行了低周反复荷载下的抗震性能试验及理论分析,试件变量包括:2种装配构造,即内嵌式装配墙板、外贴式装配墙板;2种轻钢骨架轻混凝土墙板,即框架式轻钢骨架轻混凝土墙板、桁架式轻钢骨架轻混凝土墙板。研究了各试件的破坏特征和损伤演化过程,分析了结构滞回特性、承载力、变形能力、刚度退化、耗能性能和应变。结果表明:装配式轻钢框架-轻钢骨架轻混凝土墙板结构共同工作性能良好,其水平承载力相比轻钢框架提高了204.7%~210.4%,抗侧刚度提高了257.3%~512.5%,结构变形及耗能能力有显著提高;内嵌墙板的自攻钉连接构造以及外贴墙板的螺栓连接构造传力性能可靠,结构具备2道抗震防线的受力特征;基于简化塑性分析模型以及拉压杆软化桁架模型,对试件承载力进行了计算,计算结果与试验符合较好。

焊接多腔双钢板-混凝土组合剪力墙抗震性能分析

大多数双钢板-混凝土组合剪力墙采用螺栓连接或焊接肋的方式使钢板和混凝土协同工作。然而,这种连接方式可能导致整体性和塑性变形效率较低,且制作复杂,焊接多腔双钢板-混凝土组合剪力墙能够有效地避免这些问题。为了深入研究焊接多腔双钢板-混凝土组合剪力墙的抗震性能,基于约束混凝土真三轴塑性-损伤本构模型和钢材弹塑性混合强化-韧性损伤本构模型,建立了组合剪力墙的精细化三维实体-壳模型,将模拟所得的滞回曲线、骨架曲线、刚度退化曲线、弹性刚度、承载力、累积耗能、等效阻尼粘滞系数和延性系数与已有拟静力试验结果相比较,发现两者吻合较好。分析结果表明:轴压比对组合剪力墙模型算例刚度和承载力的影响较小,而随剪跨比增大,组合剪力墙模型算例的刚度和承载力呈线性降低;轴压比对组合剪力墙模型算例总塑性耗能的影响较小,而剪跨比的影响较大,剪力墙总塑性耗能随剪跨比增大而降低;轴压比和剪跨比都不会改变算例各部件的耗能分配机制,即组合剪力墙模型算例以外钢板和内隔板耗能为主。

带PBL剪力键的钢芯板混凝土组合剪力墙低周往复加载试验研究

为研究带PBL剪力键的钢芯板混凝土组合剪力墙的抗震性能,对1个型钢混凝土组合剪力墙和4个钢芯板混凝土组合剪力墙进行了循环往复加载试验;观察带PBL剪力键的钢芯板混凝土组合剪力墙在水平循环荷载下的破坏全过程,并分析该类剪力墙的滞回特征、变形能力、承载能力、耗能性能、刚度和强度退化能力。结果表明:钢芯板混凝土组合剪力墙的破坏模式主要为弯曲型破坏,滞回曲线较为饱满;配置钢芯板的剪力墙承载力、延性性能和耗能能力较优;PBL剪力键的构造方式可保证钢芯板与混凝土之间的黏结性能完好,PBL剪力键平放会导致剪力墙出现沿PBL剪力键的水平通缝,影响剪力墙承载能力的发挥,建议采用PBL剪力键竖放的构造形式。

自攻钉集块连接混凝土复合剪力墙抗震性能试验

提出了适用于装配式混凝土复合剪力墙结构的自攻钉集块连接构造,为研究自攻钉集块连接混凝土复合剪力墙的抗震性能,设计制作了3个剪跨比为1.39的足尺剪力墙试件,进行了低周反复荷载试验,主要变量包括自攻钉集块连接构造、自攻钉集块与后浇条带组合连接构造以及L形边框构造柱。分析了试件破坏模式、承载力、滞回特性、刚度及退化、变形能力、耗能性能和应变特征等。结果表明:自攻钉集块连接构造装配便捷,受力性能可靠;采用自攻钉集块与后浇条带组合连接构造试件的承载力及刚度相比自攻钉集块连接构造分别提高了8.54%和6.03%;设置L形边框构造柱的试件承载力、刚度及耗能分别提高了67.48%、129.33%和277.93%。自攻钉集块连接复合剪力墙具有良好的抗震性能,满足装配式低层住宅混凝土复合剪力墙结构的抗震设计要求,可用于实际工程。

装配式带夹芯保温槽型玻璃钢-钢板-槽钢-混凝土组合剪力墙轴压性能研究

提出一种装配式带夹芯保温槽型玻璃钢-钢板-槽钢-混凝土组合剪力墙,设计3个具有不同配筋形式和混凝土种类的墙板试件进行轴心受压试验,获得墙板在轴压作用下的破坏模式、荷载-位移曲线、荷载-应变曲线、承载力储备系数、延性系数、材料利用率等性能指标。通过ABAQUS有限元分析软件对墙板进行参数化分析,研究内嵌钢板强度和厚度对其轴压性能的影响。结果表明,墙板具有良好的承载力储备能力和延性性能;混凝土中掺入1%体积比的钢纤维可显著提高墙板内混凝土的抗拉性能,使混凝土强度得到更加充分的利用,布置钢筋可以显著提高墙板延性;墙板的承载力和延性随内嵌钢板厚度和强度的增加而增大,强度为Q355、厚度为4、6mm时,墙板材料利用率更高。提出适用于该类墙板的轴压承载力设计公式,考虑钢板屈曲和截面组合效应的墙板轴心受压承载力设计公式计算结果较精确。

Numerical simulation of squat reinforced concrete wall strengthened by FRP composite material

The advanced design rules and the latest known earthquakes, have imposed a strengthening of reinforced concrete structures. Many research works and practical achievements of the application of the external reinforcement by using FRP composite materials have been particularly developed in the recent years. This type of strengthening seems promising for the seismic reinforcement of buildings. Among of the components of structures that could affect the stability of the structure in case of an earthquake is the reinforced concrete walls, which require in many cases a strengthening, especially in case where the diagonal cracks can be developed. The intent of this paper is to present a numerical simulation of squat reinforced concrete wall strengthened by FRP composite material （carbon fiber epoxy）. The intent of this study is to perform finite element model to investigate the effects of such reinforcement in the squat reinforced concrete walls. Taking advantage of a commercial finite element package ABAQUS code, three-dimensional numerical simulations were performed, addressing the parameters associated with the squat reinforced concrete walls. An elasto-plastic damage model material is used for concrete, for steel, an elastic-plastic behavior is adopted, and the FRP composite is considered unidirectional and orthotropic. The obtained results in terms of displacements, stresses, damage illustrate clearly the importance of this strengthening strategy.

轻钢泡沫混凝土组合墙体轴压性能研究

为获得轻钢轻质混凝土组合墙轴压性能,以试验模型为基础,采用ABAQUS软件建立墙体有限元模型,将数值模拟结果与试验结果对比,二者吻合较好。在此基础上,分析了含钢率、轻质混凝土强度对轻钢轻质混凝土组合墙轴压承载力的影响。结果表明随着含钢率的提高,其峰值荷载也随之提高,含钢率对组合墙体的轴压承载力及刚度有重要作用。随着泡沫混凝土强度的提高,组合墙体的刚度及轴压承载力显著提高,但延性系数有所降低。

地铁车站叠合墙内衬早龄期温度与应变演化规律

为探究叠合墙早龄期内衬温度与应变演化规律,依托地铁车站叠合墙工程开展早龄期内衬墙温度与应变现场监测,分析内衬墙的裂缝分布特征、温度与应变演化规律。结果表明:在早龄期,裂缝多从内衬墙的底部施工缝向上延伸,大部分裂缝为竖向裂缝,少量斜裂缝位于墙角;内衬墙的中部温度高于四周温度,而墙体中心的温度峰值与降温速率最大,表面温度峰值最小,并且墙体存在明显的里表温差;在早龄期,内衬墙存在明显的膨胀与收缩现象,并且不同方向上的应变演化规律存在明显的区别。

双钢板混凝土组合墙偏心受压性能试验研究

为了研究双钢板混凝土组合墙在偏心受压荷载下的结构性能,设计制作了5个试件,以偏心距离和墙板厚度作为研究参数,进行偏心受压试验.利用ABAQUS软件对试件进行有限元分析,并采用截面分析法计算试件在轴力与弯矩共同作用下的截面承载力.试验结果表明,试件最终出现钢板局部屈曲与混凝土受压破坏.根据试验荷载-位移曲线,计算得到试件延性系数为1.28~1.92.墙厚相同时,随着加载偏心距离的增加,承载力逐渐下降.偏心距离相同时,增加墙体厚度可以有效提高试件承载能力.偏心受压试件的截面应变分布满足平截面假定.承载力试验值与有限元模型计算值和理论计算值的最大误差分别为4%和9%.

丹江口水库特大桥钢-混凝土组合围堰施工技术

丹江口水库特大桥为主跨760 m双塔双索面部分地锚式混合梁斜拉桥,主墩采用整体式承台+大直径群桩基础,主墩承台平面为八边形,尺寸为48 m(横桥向)×26 m(顺桥向)×6.5 m(高),承台底部设置26根直径2.8 m钻孔灌注桩。为适应库区倾斜裸岩地形,降低施工难度及施工费用,主墩围堰采用下部混凝土挡墙围堰+上部单壁钢围堰的钢-混凝土组合围堰方案。下部混凝土挡墙围堰采用衡重式挡墙围堰及抗滑桩挡墙围堰,高3~11 m;上部单壁钢围堰分块设置,其长度与下部挡墙围堰匹配,高8 m。钢-混凝土组合围堰施工时,首先根据地形条件进行挡墙围堰分段,之后采用破碎锤开挖混凝土挡墙围堰基础;混凝土挡墙围堰采用分层、分块施工,顶部圈梁与挡墙围堰同步浇筑;上部单壁钢围堰采用加工厂预制+现场分块安装,并预留竖向型钢接长部分;最后进行单壁钢围堰底部及组合围堰山体连接处止水混凝土施工,完成钢-混凝土组合围堰施工。钢-混凝土组合围堰的应用,有效缩短了基础施工周期,降低了围堰施工难度及施工费用,经济合理,满足现场施工各项要求。

矩形钢管-波折钢板组合墙端顶部承压性能与传力路径试验研究

矩形钢管-波折钢板组合墙是一种新型剪力墙,通过横置波折钢板连接两侧钢管形成预制钢构件,然后在钢管内及双波折钢板间填充混凝土形成组合墙。为研究矩形钢管-波折钢板组合墙在竖向荷载作用下的承载性能,以管间墙肢长度和栓钉间距为变化参数,完成了5个仅在墙端钢管混凝土柱顶加载的组合剪力墙试件抗压静力试验。在试验过程中,主要对加载端柱的竖向位移和组合墙三个不同高度截面应变进行了测量。试验结果表明,竖向荷载由组合墙边缘构件矩形钢管混凝土柱传递至剪力墙整体截面,需要一定的传力长度。管间墙肢长度以及栓钉间距是影响荷载传递路径长短和截面竖向应变分布平截面程度的主要因素。当管间墙肢长度不大于5倍墙厚以及栓钉间距小于200 mm时,在组合墙边缘构件破坏前,荷载经过1.07倍墙宽的传递长度可以传递至组合墙全截面。研究结果为进一步提出矩形钢管-波折钢板组合墙在竖向荷载下的承载力计算方法提供了基础性试验依据。

火灾下双钢板-混凝土组合墙抗冲击机理分析与挠度预测

双钢板-混凝土组合墙(steel-concrete composite wall,SC wall)常用于核电站、超高层等重要结构的承重构件,其在偶然荷载作用下的力学性能也是其推广应用的关键指标。为此,针对火灾下SC墙的抗冲击性能进行研究并给出相关设计建议。首先建立了SC墙在火灾与冲击耦合作用下的有限元模型,在验证模型可靠性基础上,开展了火灾下SC墙抗冲击机理的分析;然后研究了轴力、受火时间、材料强度、冲击能量与抗剪连接件形式等参数对SC墙在火灾下抗冲击性能的影响规律;最后给出了该类构件在耦合工况下跨中峰值挠度的预测公式。结果表明:随着受火时间的增加,SC墙受冲击变形模式由局部冲切逐渐转变为整体弯曲破坏;火灾下,混凝土为SC墙受冲击的主要耗能部件;混凝土强度、轴力与抗剪连接件形式对SC墙在高温下的抗冲击性能影响显著,钢板强度的影响则较小;建议的公式可较合理地预测火灾下SC墙受冲击后的跨中峰值挠度。

复合保温板与加气混凝土砌块墙体一体化施工力学性能研究

针对复合保温板与砌块填充墙连接的安全性,采用HC-MD60高精度铆钉拉拔仪,进行锚栓抗拉承载力和复合保温板拉伸黏结强度现场原位检测试验。测试结果表明:锚栓抗拉承载力平均值为2.345 kN,复合保温板表面抗裂加强层与保温芯材之间的黏结强度平均值为0.17 MPa,复合保温板内侧黏接层与砌块墙体黏结强度为0.1 MPa,黏锚结合的力学性能满足DB/T 29-281—2020《天津市外模板现浇混凝土复合保温系统应用技术规范》要求。