DYNAMIC RESPONSE OF ROLLER GEAR INDEXING CAM SYSTEM CONSIDERING CLEARANCE AND MOTOR CHARACTERISTIC

The dynamic responses of roller gear indexing cam mechanism are investigated .With applying Lagarange equation and Gear method,motion equations of this mechanism including clearance,motor characteristic,torsion flexibility are developed and solved.The results show that clearance affects primarily the response on turret,and has little effects on the responses on rotary table.At the same time,the velocity fluctuation of motor shaft is not serious for the existence of inertia of reducer,and the high frequency of velocity fluctuation of camshaft is related with the torsion stiffness of shaft and the clearance between pairs.

Performances of a Balanced Hydraulic Motor with Planetary Gear Train

The current research of a balanced hydraulic motor focuses on the characteristics of the motor with three planet gears.References of a balanced hydraulic motor with more than three planet gears are hardly found.In order to study the characteristics of a balanced hydraulic motor with planetary gear train that includes more than three planet gears,on the basis of analysis of the structure and working principle of a balanced hydraulic motor with planetary gear train,formulas are deduced for calculating the hydraulic motor＇s primary performance indexes such as displacement,unit volume displacement,flowrate fluctuation ratio,etc.Influences of the gears＇ tooth number on displacement and flowrate characteristics are analyzed.In order to guarantee the reliability of sealing capability,the necessary conditions that tooth number of the sun gear and the planet gears should satisfy are discussed.Selecting large unit volume displacement and small displacement fluctuation ratio as designing objectives,a balanced hydraulic motor with three planet gears and a common gear motor are designed under the conditions of same displacement,tooth addendum coefficien and clearance coefficient.By comparing the unit volume displacement and fluctuation ratio of the two motors,it can be seen that the balanced hydraulic motor with planetary gear train has the advantages of smaller fluctuation ratio and larger unit volume displacement.The results provide theoretical basis for choosing gear tooth-number of this kind of hydraulic motor.

Steering Control of Wheeled Armored Vehicle with Brushless DC Motor

Considering the steering characters of one type of wheeled armored vehicle, a brushless direct current （DC） motor is adapted as the actuator for steering control. After investigating the known algorithms, one kind of algorithm, which combines the fuzzy logic control with the self-adapting PID control and the startup and pre-hrake control, is put forward. Then a test-bed is constructed, and an experiment is conducted. The result of experiment confirms the validity of this algorithm in steering control of wheeled armored vehicle with brushless DC motor.

Multi-objective Optimization of Differential Steering System of Electric Vehicle with Motorized Wheels

A differential steering system is presented for electric vehicle with motorized wheels and a dynamic model of three-freedom car is built.Based on these models,the quantitative expressions of the road feel,sensitivity,and operation stability of the steering are derived.Then,according to the features of multi-constrained optimization of multi-objective function,a multi-island genetic algorithm(MIGA)is designed.Taking the road feel and the sensitivity of the steering as optimization objectives and the operation stability of the steering as a constraint,the system parameters are optimized.The simulation results show that the system optimized with MIGA can improve the steering road feel,and guarantee the operation stability and steering sensibility.

Research on Hybrid Input Mechanical Press Driven by Two Motors

Given the speed requirements of a mechanical press slider, a differential gear train is adopted instead of the belt and gear drive of a general mechanical press. Two electric motors are used to drive the differential gear train with hybrid input. Based on the working principle of a differential gear train, the angular speed equations and the power dis- tribution equations of the input-output system are established. By controlling the angular speeds of the two motors, the slider can move at different speeds. Taken a JH23-100 type mechanical press as example, the driving system is designed and the power of two motors determined. The simulated results show that the highest slider speed in the mechanical press approaches 39 mm/s only at the forging-punching stage, far less than the 232 mm/s of a general JH23-100 type mechanical press. This provides a new scheme to realize low-speed forging-punching technology from a mechanical press.

Improved Dynamics Model of Locomotive Traction Motor with Elasticity of Rotor Shaft and Supporting Bearings

The locomotive traction motor is described as a rotor-bearing system coupling the kinetic equations of the traction shaft and its support bearings with the determination of their elastic deformations in this study.Under the effect of excitations induced by the dynamic rotor eccentric distance and time-varying mesh stiffness,the elastic structure deformations of the shaft and support bearings are formulated in the vibration environment of the locomotive.In addition,the nonlinear contact forces between the components of the rolling bearing,the lubricating oil film,and radial clearance are comprehensively considered in this study.The results indicate that the elastic deformations of the shaft and bearings can change the dynamic responses of the traction motor and its support bearings.There are large differences between the ranges of the rotor motion calculated by the rigid and the flexible traction motor models when the intensified wheel-rail interaction is considered.With the increase of the rotor eccentricity,the results underscore the role of the elasticity of traction shaft and support bearings in dynamic researches of the traction motor.The critical value of the initial eccentric distance for the rub-impact phenomenon decreases from 1.23 mm to 1.15 mm considering the flexible effect of the shaft and bearings.This dynamics model of the traction motor can provide more accurate and reasonable simulation results for correlational dynamic researches.

The Original Connection of Synchronous Motor

The proposed mechanism was described earlier in the article: Synchronous Motor for the Vehicle, Volume 9, Number 3, March 2017. This article contains some explanations about a synchronous motor with a built-in excitation generator, the stator of which can rotate and is connected through an asymmetric differential.

Primary studies on integration optimization of differential steering of electric vehicle with motorized wheels based on quality engineering

The model of the differential steering system(DSS) of electric vehicle with motorized wheels and the three-degree-of-freedom dynamic model of vehicle are built.Based on these models,the concepts and quantitative expressions of steering road feel,steering portability and steering stability are proposed.Through integrating the Monte Carlo descriptive sampling,elitist non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm(NSGA-II) and Taguchi robust design method,the system parameters are optimized with steering road feel and steering portability as optimization targets,and steering stability and steering portability as constraints.The simulation results show that the system optimized based on quality engineering can improve the steering road feel,guarantee steering stability and steering portability and thus provide a theoretical basis for the design and optimization of the electric vehicle with motorized wheels system.

Multidiscipline collaborative optimization of differential steering system of electric vehicle with motorized wheels

Based on the multidiscipline design optimization theory, a multidiscipline collaborative optimization model of the differential steering system of electric vehicle with motorized wheels is built, with the steering economy as the main system and the steering road feel, the steering flexibility and the mechanic character of the steering sensors as the subsystems. Considering the coupled relationship of each discipline, the main system is optimized by the multi-island algorithm and the subsystems are optimized by the sequential quadratic programming algorithm. The simulation results show that the steering economy can be optimized by the collaborative optimization, and that the system can get good steering road feel, good steering flexibility and good mechanic character of the steering sensors.

Developments of crawler steering gearbox for combine harvester straight forward and steering in situ

Soil compaction and accumulation are caused by crawler steering.Soil characteristics would affect the ability of crawler straight forward and steering in situ.This paper studied the principle of straight forward steering and steering in situ mode of traditional unilateral brake steering gearbox of a crawler combine harvester.Then a positive and negative steering gearbox model was developed and processed.The performance of positive and negative steering gearbox was analyzed by performing two steering modes on soil compaction effect.Results showed that the positive and negative steering gearboxes can achieve three operating modes,such as straight forward,unilateral brake steering,and positive and negative steering in situ.The positive and negative steering in situ was smooth and without soil accumulation phenomenon.When the crawlers center distance,crawler grounding length,crawler width were 1150 mm,1620 mm and 450 mm respectively,the rolling area and the scratch free area of positive and negative steering gearbox were 5.37 m2 and 0.36 m2 respectively.However,the rolling area and the scratch free area produced by unilateral brake steering gearbox were 13.92 m2 and 1.88 m2 respectively,which was 8.55 m2 larger than that of positive and negative steering gearbox.The crawler with positive and negative steering gearbox has minor damage to paddy soil.This research can provide a theoretical basis for the smooth steering in situ and structural optimization of the crawler steering gearbox.

STATUS OF STEERING GEAR PRODUCTION IN CHINA

According to statistics, there are more than 50 manufacturers of auto steering gear in China now, most of which are of annual output below 10,000 units. In 1993, the national total output of various kinds of steering gear is about 1,400000 units. There are six major ones among all these manufacturers.

BRIEF INTRODUCTION OF AUTO STEERING GEARS MANUFACTURING

1. Status of Domestic Steering Gears Manufacturing China has more than 30 years experience and practice in the field of auto steering gear manufacturing. The main products are worm-and-roller type, crank-and-pin type and recirculating ball (with constant ratio) type

All-Electric Aircraft Nose Wheel Steering System with Two Worm Gears

As all-electric aircraft has many advantages,an aircraft nose wheel steering system would be developed to the all-electric direction.Concerning the control demand of the nose wheel steering system,based on the basic principles of nose wheel steering system and the design technique of mechanotronics,an all-electric aircraft nose wheel steering system,composed of a nose wheel steering mechanism of two worm gear and a control servo system of fly-by-wire with both steering and anti-shimmy functions is designed to meet the demand for operation control in the nose wheel steering system.Then,based on the LMS-AMESim software,the simulation model of the system is established to simulate the dynamics for the verification of its steering function.The simulation results indicate that the nose wheel steering system is reasonable,and can meet the requirements of the general project.Furthermore,the prototypes of the steering mechanism and control system are studied to validate the design,and the steering test bench is prepared to test the designed system.The test results,such as steer angle,rotate speed of motor are analyzed in details and compared with the theoretical results.The analysis and comparison results show that the design is reasonable and the property of the prototype can achieve the design objectives.

Torque Distribution Strategy of Electric Vehicle with In-wheel Motors Based on the Identification of Driving Intention

A driver’s intention is recognized accurately by employing fuzzy identification and a logic threshold including acceleration intention and steering intention.Different torque distribution control strategies are developed for different intentions and the driver’s torque demand is amended by fuzzy identification so that the response of the vehicle is more consistent with the driver’s intention of operation.Finally,a simulation model is built using MATLAB/Simulink to validate the control strategy.Simulation results show that the system accurately identifies the driver’s intention and improves the acceleration performance and steering stability of the vehicle.

Electrical power assisted steering for EVs and HEVs

Electrical power assisted steering (EPAS) is one of the key components, especially for electrical vehicle. It has attracted much attention for their advantages with respect to improved fuel economy and has been widely adopted as automotive power-steering equipment in recent years. EPS (electrical power steering) controllers contain MCU (microprocessor control unit) to implement the complex control algorithms. EPS control strategy development is the core technology of the whole system. To achieve the better performance of driving, both mechanical structures and electrical structures are totally designed as a whole. Model-based development is recommended to software design. There are several trends about EPS’ future, such as high power EPS development, high voltage EPS development and steering-by-wire technology.

基于混合模型的特种车辆转向泵马达性能评估

为了实现转向泵马达运行性能的实时评估,首先构建了转向泵马达物理模型,该模型考虑了转向泵马达运行机理,通过求解泵马达外特性方程、液压回路平衡方程、内部流量计算方程等,实现内部不可测参数的初步评估与计算,进而获得各类参数对转向泵马达性能的影响机制.同时采用LSTM深度学习方法构建了转向泵马达数据驱动模型,学习并预测不同工况下转向泵马达容积效率的变化规律,并将其输入至物理模型形成转向泵马达性能评估混合模型,提高不同工况条件下转向泵马达性能评估的准确性及适用性.实例分析表明,该混合模型可实现复杂工况下转向泵马达高低压侧压力、流量、转速及转矩等参数的计算与评估,模型误差低于10%.

分布式驱动车辆操纵稳定性控制综述

为研究分布式驱动车辆的驱动控制问题,从转向控制、独立驱动控制及2个系统联合控制等3个角度入手,分析了分布式驱动车辆操纵稳定性控制策略的研究进展。首先,基于转向控制技术对影响操纵稳定性的方面进行分类;其次,分析了分层式与集中式控制结构的特点;然后,分析了基于控制结构的操纵稳定性研究;最后,结合分布式驱动车辆操稳性改善的研究现状和技术进展,展望了未来的发展趋势。

航天供配电系统舵机负载浪涌抑制策略研究

随着航天器供配电系统的快速发展,大功率机电负载的使用逐渐增多,对其负载供电品质的要求也日益严格。针对高压大功率舵机负载工作状态变化大、要求响应快、动态指标高,导致机电舵机负载在工作过程中会频繁出现换向、加减速的工作特点,对电动舵机高速制动过程中产生的反灌能量进行供配电系统影响分析,提出供配电系统反灌浪涌抑制策略,提升供配电系统供电可靠性,确保航天器飞行任务中舵机负载的全程可靠运行。

基于IESPSO的舵机倾转矢量动力系统建模与参数辨识

针对在旋翼动态时产生的外力矩影响下,倾转矢量动力系统中的舵机系统模型辨识精度低、实际响应难以估计的问题,本文将舵机外力矩作为扰动噪声纳入辨识环节,构建系统模型,并提出了一种基于改进生态系统粒子群优化(IESPSO)的倾转旋翼舵机系统参数辨识方法。为确保试验稳定安全进行,本文设计了倾转矢量动力系统辨识平台,进行参数辨识试验。试验结果表明,在旋翼动态时产生的外力矩噪声影响下,IESPSO相对于粒子群优化法、生态系统粒子群优化法与递推最小二乘法,均方根误差降低了1.46%,1.79%与56.37%,辨识精度有明显提升,并具备更快的寻优收敛速度。在修改搜索空间后,IESPSO仍具有较高的寻优精度,避免了在宽搜索空间下无法快速搜索至较优可行解的问题。

一种新型高阶齿扇齿条副的啮合性能分析

目前汽车转向器非圆齿轮副普遍采用C^(0)阶连续的变传动比曲线,其齿扇齿廓有尖点,不光滑,速度和加速度有突变,传动不够平顺。为此,以四次多项式为基函数设计C^(2)阶连续的变传动比曲线,采用齿廓法线法求解不同连续阶的齿扇齿廓,基于有限差分法推导齿廓曲率的计算公式,对比分析C^(0)、C^(1)、C^(2)阶传动比曲线的齿廓结构特点、传动中的速度与加速度的变化特点以及其齿廓光滑性。仿真结果表明汽车转向器非圆齿轮副传动比曲线的连续阶越高,其齿廓越光滑。