Age related defect of the osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells（MSCs） plays a key role in osteoporosis. Mechanical loading is one of the most important physical stimuli for osteoblast differentiation....Age related defect of the osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells（MSCs） plays a key role in osteoporosis. Mechanical loading is one of the most important physical stimuli for osteoblast differentiation.Here, we compared the osteogenic potential of MSCs from young and adult rats under three rounds of 2 h of cyclic stretch of 2.5% elongation at 1 Hz on 3 consecutive days. Cyclic stretch induced a significant osteogenic differentiation of MSCs from young rats, while a compromised osteogenesis in MSCs from the adult rats.Accordingly, there were much more reactive oxygen species（ROS） production in adult MSCs under cyclic stretch compared to young MSCs. Moreover, ROS scavenger N-acetylcysteine rescued the osteogenic differentiation of adult MSCs under cyclic stretch. Gene expression analysis revealed that superoxide dismutase 1（SOD1） was significantly downregulated in those MSCs from adult rats. In summary, our data suggest that reduced SOD1 may result in excessive ROS production in adult MSCs under cyclic stretch, and thus manipulation of the MSCs from the adult donors with antioxidant would improve their osteogenic ability.展开更多
We are entering an exciting epoch in livestock biotechnology during which the fundamental approaches(such as transgenesis, spermatozoa cryopreservation and artificial insemination) will be enhanced based on the modern...We are entering an exciting epoch in livestock biotechnology during which the fundamental approaches(such as transgenesis, spermatozoa cryopreservation and artificial insemination) will be enhanced based on the modern understanding of the biology of spermatogonial stem cells(SSCs) combined with the outstanding recent advances in genomic editing technologies and in vitro cell culture systems. The general aim of this review is to outline comprehensively the promising applications of SSC manipulation that could in the nearest future find practical application in livestock breeding. Here, we will focus on 1) the basics of mammalian SSC biology;2) the approaches for SSC isolation and purification;3) the available in vitro systems for the stable expansion of isolated SSCs;4) a discussion of how the manipulation of SSCs can accelerate livestock transgenesis;5) a thorough overview of the techniques of SSC transplantation in livestock species(including the preparation of recipients for SSC transplantation,the ultrasonographic-guided SSC transplantation technique in large farm animals, and the perspectives to improve further the SSC transplantation efficiency), and finally, 6) why SSC transplantation is valuable to extend the techniques of spermatozoa cryopreservation and/or artificial insemination. For situations where no reliable data have yet been obtained for a particular livestock species, we will rely on the data obtained from studies conducted in rodents because the knowledge gained from rodent research is translatable to livestock species to a great extent. On the other hand, we will draw special attention to situations where such translation is not possible.展开更多
背景:种子细胞的数量和质量是制约血管组织工程研究的重要瓶颈,而如何获取干细胞源内皮细胞是解决该瓶颈问题的关键。目的:探讨添加血管内皮生长因子联合低氧环境是否能够协同高效诱导胚胎干细胞向内皮细胞定向分化。方法:采用无血清培...背景:种子细胞的数量和质量是制约血管组织工程研究的重要瓶颈,而如何获取干细胞源内皮细胞是解决该瓶颈问题的关键。目的:探讨添加血管内皮生长因子联合低氧环境是否能够协同高效诱导胚胎干细胞向内皮细胞定向分化。方法:采用无血清培养基m Te SR1维持培养人胚胎干细胞H9。通过添加血管内皮生长因子(50μg/L)联合低氧条件(体积分数为5%O2)诱导H9细胞向内皮细胞分化。采用免疫荧光染色技术、定量RT-PCR以及低密度脂蛋白摄取实验对人胚胎干细胞源内皮细胞进行表型和功能评价。结果与结论:添加血管内皮生长因子联合低氧培养条件可促进H9细胞向内皮细胞方向分化。该胚胎干细胞源内皮细胞不但高水平表达内皮细胞的标志基因(kdr,pecam)和标记蛋白D31,而且还能够摄取低密度脂蛋白,形成类似微血管结构。提示血管内皮生长因子与低氧在诱导干细胞向内皮细胞分化过程中存在协同效应,可高效获得具有理想表型和功能活性的干细胞源内皮细胞。展开更多
背景:有研究表明骨形态发生蛋白9能促进多种干细胞的成骨分化,但其是否具有诱导牙囊细胞成骨向分化的能力尚不清楚。目的:探讨骨形态发生蛋白9对大鼠牙囊细胞成骨分化的诱导作用。方法:以纯化的第3代大鼠牙囊细胞为研究对象,感染骨形态...背景:有研究表明骨形态发生蛋白9能促进多种干细胞的成骨分化,但其是否具有诱导牙囊细胞成骨向分化的能力尚不清楚。目的:探讨骨形态发生蛋白9对大鼠牙囊细胞成骨分化的诱导作用。方法:以纯化的第3代大鼠牙囊细胞为研究对象,感染骨形态发生蛋白9腺病毒后,检测牙囊细胞中碱性磷酸酶活性、钙盐沉积以及矿化相关因子基因和蛋白的表达变化。结果与结论:感染骨形态发生蛋白9的牙囊细胞碱性磷酸酶活性持续增强,钙盐沉积明显增强。Real time PCR检测结果显示感染骨形态发生蛋白9的牙囊细胞中矿化相关因子碱性磷酸酶、骨钙素、骨涎蛋白、骨桥蛋白和核心结合因子mR NA表达增强。Western blot检测结果显示感染骨形态发生蛋白9的牙囊细胞中骨桥蛋白的表达增强。以上结果表明骨形态发生蛋白9可诱导牙囊细胞向成骨方向分化。展开更多
基金financially supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (81100240)‘985’ project of Sun Yat-Sen University grant+2 种基金Sun Yat-Sen university young teachers training project (13YKPY42)Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province,China(S2012010009495)Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangdong Province,China(2012B031800185)
文摘Age related defect of the osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells（MSCs） plays a key role in osteoporosis. Mechanical loading is one of the most important physical stimuli for osteoblast differentiation.Here, we compared the osteogenic potential of MSCs from young and adult rats under three rounds of 2 h of cyclic stretch of 2.5% elongation at 1 Hz on 3 consecutive days. Cyclic stretch induced a significant osteogenic differentiation of MSCs from young rats, while a compromised osteogenesis in MSCs from the adult rats.Accordingly, there were much more reactive oxygen species（ROS） production in adult MSCs under cyclic stretch compared to young MSCs. Moreover, ROS scavenger N-acetylcysteine rescued the osteogenic differentiation of adult MSCs under cyclic stretch. Gene expression analysis revealed that superoxide dismutase 1（SOD1） was significantly downregulated in those MSCs from adult rats. In summary, our data suggest that reduced SOD1 may result in excessive ROS production in adult MSCs under cyclic stretch, and thus manipulation of the MSCs from the adult donors with antioxidant would improve their osteogenic ability.
基金supported by the S grant of the Ministry of Education,Youth and Sport(MEYS)of Czech Republicsupported by the Primus Research Programme PRIMUS/17/MED/16 of the Charles University
文摘We are entering an exciting epoch in livestock biotechnology during which the fundamental approaches(such as transgenesis, spermatozoa cryopreservation and artificial insemination) will be enhanced based on the modern understanding of the biology of spermatogonial stem cells(SSCs) combined with the outstanding recent advances in genomic editing technologies and in vitro cell culture systems. The general aim of this review is to outline comprehensively the promising applications of SSC manipulation that could in the nearest future find practical application in livestock breeding. Here, we will focus on 1) the basics of mammalian SSC biology;2) the approaches for SSC isolation and purification;3) the available in vitro systems for the stable expansion of isolated SSCs;4) a discussion of how the manipulation of SSCs can accelerate livestock transgenesis;5) a thorough overview of the techniques of SSC transplantation in livestock species(including the preparation of recipients for SSC transplantation,the ultrasonographic-guided SSC transplantation technique in large farm animals, and the perspectives to improve further the SSC transplantation efficiency), and finally, 6) why SSC transplantation is valuable to extend the techniques of spermatozoa cryopreservation and/or artificial insemination. For situations where no reliable data have yet been obtained for a particular livestock species, we will rely on the data obtained from studies conducted in rodents because the knowledge gained from rodent research is translatable to livestock species to a great extent. On the other hand, we will draw special attention to situations where such translation is not possible.
文摘背景:种子细胞的数量和质量是制约血管组织工程研究的重要瓶颈,而如何获取干细胞源内皮细胞是解决该瓶颈问题的关键。目的:探讨添加血管内皮生长因子联合低氧环境是否能够协同高效诱导胚胎干细胞向内皮细胞定向分化。方法:采用无血清培养基m Te SR1维持培养人胚胎干细胞H9。通过添加血管内皮生长因子(50μg/L)联合低氧条件(体积分数为5%O2)诱导H9细胞向内皮细胞分化。采用免疫荧光染色技术、定量RT-PCR以及低密度脂蛋白摄取实验对人胚胎干细胞源内皮细胞进行表型和功能评价。结果与结论:添加血管内皮生长因子联合低氧培养条件可促进H9细胞向内皮细胞方向分化。该胚胎干细胞源内皮细胞不但高水平表达内皮细胞的标志基因(kdr,pecam)和标记蛋白D31,而且还能够摄取低密度脂蛋白,形成类似微血管结构。提示血管内皮生长因子与低氧在诱导干细胞向内皮细胞分化过程中存在协同效应,可高效获得具有理想表型和功能活性的干细胞源内皮细胞。
文摘背景:有研究表明骨形态发生蛋白9能促进多种干细胞的成骨分化,但其是否具有诱导牙囊细胞成骨向分化的能力尚不清楚。目的:探讨骨形态发生蛋白9对大鼠牙囊细胞成骨分化的诱导作用。方法:以纯化的第3代大鼠牙囊细胞为研究对象,感染骨形态发生蛋白9腺病毒后,检测牙囊细胞中碱性磷酸酶活性、钙盐沉积以及矿化相关因子基因和蛋白的表达变化。结果与结论:感染骨形态发生蛋白9的牙囊细胞碱性磷酸酶活性持续增强,钙盐沉积明显增强。Real time PCR检测结果显示感染骨形态发生蛋白9的牙囊细胞中矿化相关因子碱性磷酸酶、骨钙素、骨涎蛋白、骨桥蛋白和核心结合因子mR NA表达增强。Western blot检测结果显示感染骨形态发生蛋白9的牙囊细胞中骨桥蛋白的表达增强。以上结果表明骨形态发生蛋白9可诱导牙囊细胞向成骨方向分化。
