Stem cell-like memory T cells:Role in viral infections and autoimmunity

Stem cell-like memory T(TSCM)cells possess stem cell properties including multipotency and self-renewal and are being recognized as emerging players in various human diseases.Advanced technologies such as multiparametric flowcytometry and single cell sequencing have enabled their identification and molecular characterization.In case of chronic viral diseases such as human immunodeficiency virus-1,CD4+T_(SCM) cells,serve as major reservoirs of the latent virus.However,during immune activation and functional exhaustion of effector T cells,these cells also possess the potential to replenish the pool of functional effector cells to curtail the infection.More recently,these cells are speculated to play important role in protective immunity following acute viral infections such as coronavirus disease 2019 and might be amenable for therapeutics by ex vivo expansion.Similarly,studies are also investigating their pathological role in driving autoimmune responses.However,there are several gaps in the understanding of the role of T_(SCM) cells in viral and autoimmune diseases to make them potential therapeutic targets.In this minireview,we have attempted an updated compilation of the dyadic role of these complex T_(SCM) cells during such human diseases along with their biology and transcriptional programs.

Use of priming strategies to advance the clinical application of mesenchymal stromal/stem cell-based therapy

Mesenchymal stromal/stem cells(MSCs)have garnered significant attention in the field of regenerative medicine due to their remarkable therapeutic potential.MSCs play a pivotal role in maintaining tissue homeostasis and possess diverse functions in tissue repair and recovery in various organs.These cells are charac-terized by easy accessibility,few ethical concerns,and adaptability to in vitro cultures,making them a valuable resource for cell therapy in several clinical conditions.Over the years,it has been shown that the true therapeutic power of MSCs lies not in cell engraftment and replacement but in their ability to produce critical paracrine factors,including cytokines,growth factors,and exosomes(EXOs),which modulate the tissue microenvironment and facilitate repair and regeneration processes.Consequently,MSC-derived products,such as condi-tioned media and EXOs,are now being extensively evaluated for their potential medical applications,offering advantages over the long-term use of whole MSCs.However,the efficacy of MSC-based treatments varies in clinical trials due to both intrinsic differences resulting from the choice of diverse cell sources and non-standardized production methods.To address these concerns and to enhance MSC therapeutic potential,researchers have explored many priming strategies,including exposure to inflammatory molecules,hypoxic conditions,and three-dimensional culture techniques.These approaches have optimized MSC secretion of functional factors,empowering them with enhanced immunomodulatory,angiogenic,and regenerative properties tailored to specific medical conditions.In fact,various priming strategies show promise in the treatment of numerous diseases,from immune-related disorders to acute injuries and cancer.Currently,in order to exploit the full therapeutic potential of MSC therapy,the most important challenge is to optimize the modulation of MSCs to obtain adapted cell therapy for specific clinical disorders.In other words,to unlock the complete potential of MSCs in regenerative medicine,it is crucial to identify the most suitable tissue source and develop in vitro manipulation protocols specific to the type of disease being treated.

Phenotype-Directed DNA Nanomachine for in Situ Analysis of Stem Cell-like Subpopulation in Breast Cancer

The cancer stem cell hypothesis provides a basis for prediction of the recurrence and risk of metastasis in breast cancer.However,the unique expression pattern of stemness markers and the presence of nonstem-like cancer cells with varied phenotypes have brought great challenges to the characterization of breast cancer stem cells.To address these challenges,a phenotype-directed DNA nanomachine has been designed for high-accuracy labeling and in situ analysis of the stem cell-like subpopulation in breast cancer.The key for the design is to use cell surfaceanchored inputs to activate the nanomachine,which undergoes different branch migration pathways such that the signal strand can only be brought onto the cancer cells having the stem cell-like phenotype.Highly sensitive determination and single-step isolation of the stem cell-like subpopulation were achieved by incorporating functional groups into the signal strand such that the nanomachine was successfully applied in a tumor-bearing mouse model.Overall,the approach provides for a substantial improvement in capability for the analysis of the breast cancer stem cell-like subpopulation,and it is expected that the new approach will advance the use of DNA nanomachines in cancer-related studies.

Intravitreal stem cell paracrine properties as a potential neuroprotective therapy for retinal photoreceptor neurodegenerative diseases

Retinal degenerations are the leading causes of irreversible visual loss worldwide. Many pathologies included under this umbrella involve progressive degeneration and ultimate loss of the photoreceptor cells, with age-related macular degeneration and inherited and ischemic retinal diseases the most relevant. These diseases greatly impact patients' daily lives, with accompanying marked social and economic consequences. However, the currently available treatments only delay the onset or slow progression of visual impairment, and there are no cures for these photoreceptor diseases. Therefore, new therapeutic strategies are being investigated, such as gene therapy, optogenetics, cell replacement, or cell-based neuroprotection. Specifically, stem cells can secrete neurotrophic, immunomodulatory, and anti-angiogenic factors that potentially protect and preserve retinal cells from neurodegeneration. Further, neuroprotection can be used in different types of retinal degenerative diseases and at different disease stages, unlike other potential therapies. This review summarizes stem cell-based paracrine neuroprotective strategies for photoreceptor degeneration, which are under study in clinical trials, and the latest preclinical studies. Effective retinal neuroprotection could be the next frontier in photoreceptor diseases, and the development of novel neuroprotective strategies will address the unmet therapeutic needs.

S100 protein expression during induced Schwann cell-like cell differentiation of rat bone marrow mesenchymal cells in vitro

BACKGROUND： S100 protein can promote axonal growth. Therefore, transplantation of induced bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells （MSCs） that can secrete S100 may provide a beneficial microenvironment for neural regeneration. OBJECTIVE： To explore the changes in S100 expression during rat MSCs differentiation into Schwann ceils in vitro. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING： This cytology experiment was performed at the Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University in China, from January 2006 to May 2007. MATERIALS： The rabbit anti-S100 polyclonal antibody was purchased from Dako, Denmark; the mouse anti-rat S100 monoclonal antibody was purchased from Sigma, USA. METHODS： MSCs were cultured from adult Sprague-Dawley rat femur and tibia. Cell proliferation was determined by the MTT method and CD markers, and cell cycle was measured by flow cytometry. MSCs were induced to differentiate into SC cells. SC cells were stained for S100 protein, glial fibrillary acidic protein, and low-affinity nerve growth factor receptor. S100 protein and mRNA levels were evaluated by flow cytometry, Western blot, and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： S100 protein and mRNA expression. RESULTS： MSCs exhibited high amplification potential over eight passages. Prior to induction, the majority of MSCs were at the G0/G1 phase of the cell cycle. After induction, MSCs displayed morphology changes similar to Schwann cells. Moreover, induction increased S100 mRNA levels. Immunofluorescence showed that MSCs expressed S100 protein, glial fibrillary acidic protein, and low-affinity nerve growth factor receptor at 7 days of induction. Induction also increased S100 protein levels compared with untreated MSCs. CONCLUSION： MSCs are capable of differentiating into Schwann cells-like cells under conditional induction in vitro, with increasing S100 mRNA and protein expression.

Biochemical properties of norepinephrine as a kind of neurotransmitter secreted by bone marrow-derived neural stem cells induced and differentiated in vitro

BACKGROUND： It has been proved by many experimental studies from the aspects of morphology and immunocytochemistry in recent years that bone marrow stromal cells （BMSCs） can in vitro induce and differentiate into the cells possessing the properties of nerve cells. But the functions of BMSCs-derived neural stem cells（NSCs） and the differentiated neuron-like cells are still unclear. OBJECTIVE： To observe whether bone marrow-derived NSCs can secrete norepinephrine （NE） under the condition of in vitro culture, induce and differentiation, and analyze the biochemical properties of BMSCs-derived NSCs. DESIGN： A non-randomized and controlled experimental observation SETTING ： Institute of Neuromedicine of Chinese PLA, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University MATERIALS： This experiment was carried out in the Institute of Neuromedicine of Chinese PLA, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University. The bone marrow used in the experiment was collected from 1.5- month-old healthy New Zealand white rabbits. METHODS： This experiment was carried out in the Institute of Neuromedicine of Chinese PLA, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University. The bone marrow used in the experiment was collected from 1.5 month-old healthy New Zealand white rabbits. BMSCs of rabbits were isolated and performed in vitro culture, induce and differentiation with culture medium of NSCs and differentiation-inducing factor, then identified with immunocytochemical method. Experimental grouping： ①Negative control group： L-02 hepatic cell and RPMI1640 culture medium were used. ② Background culture group： Only culture medium of NSCs as culture solution was added into BMSCs to perform culture, and 0.1 volume fraction of imported fetal bovine serum was supplemented 72 hours later. ③Differentiation inducing factor group： After culture for 72 hours, retinoic acid and glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factors were added in the culture medium of BMSCs and NSCs as corresponding inducing factors. The level of NE in each group was detected on the day of culture and 5, 7, 14 and 20 days after culture with high performance liquid chromatography （HPLC）. The procedure was conducted 3 times in each group.Standard working curve was made according to the corresponding relationship of NE concentration and peak area. The concentration of NE every 1×10^7 cells was calculated according to standard curve and cell counting. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES ： The level of NE of cultured cells was detected with HPLC; immunocytochemistrical identification of Nestin and neuron specific nuclear protein was performed. RESULTS： ① On the 14^th day after cell culture, BMSCs turned into magnus and round cells which presented Nestin-positive antigen, then changed into neuron-like cells with long processus and presented neuron specific nuclear protein -positive antigen at the 20^th day following culture. ② The ratio of NE concentration and peak area has good linear relationship, and regression equation was Y=1.168 36＋0.000 272 8X,r=-0.998 4. Coefficient variation （CV） was 〈 5% and the recovery rate was 92.39%（ Y referred to concentration and X was peak area）.③NE was well detached within 10 minutes under the condition of this experiment. ④ NE was detected in NSCs and their culture mediums, which were cultured for 7, 14 and 20 days respectively, but no NE in BMSCs, NSCs-free culture medium and L-02 hepatic cell which were as negative control under the HPLC examination. Analysis of variance showed that the level of NE gradually increased following the elongation of culture time （P 〈 0.01 ）. No significant difference in the level of NE existed at the same time between differentiation inducing factor group and basic culture group（P 〉 0.05）. CONCLUSION ： BMSCs of rabbits can proliferate in vitro and express Nestin antigen; They can differentiate into neuron-like cells, express specific neucleoprotein of mature neurons, synthesize and secrete NE as a kind of neurotransmitter.

Structural properties of scaffolds:Crucial parameters towards stem cells differentiation

Tissue engineering is a multidisciplinary field that applies the principles of engineering and life-sciencesfor regeneration of damaged tissues. Stem cells have attracted much interest in tissue engineering as a cell source due to their ability to proliferate in an undifferentiated state for prolonged time and capability of differentiating to different cell types after induction. Scaffolds play an important role in tissue engineering as a substrate that can mimic the native extracellular matrix and the properties of scaffolds have been shown to affect the cell behavior such as the cell attachment, proliferation and differentiation. Here, we focus on the recent reports that investigated the various aspects of scaffolds including the materials used for scaffold fabrication, surface modification of scaffolds, topography and mechanical properties of scaffolds towards stem cells differentiation effect. We will present a more detailed overview on the effect of mechanical properties of scaffolds on stem cells fate.

Different priming strategies improve distinct therapeutic capabilities of mesenchymal stromal/stem cells:Potential implications for their clinical use

Mesenchymal stromal/stem cells(MSCs)have shown significant therapeutic potential,and have therefore been extensively investigated in preclinical studies of regenerative medicine.However,while MSCs have been shown to be safe as a cellular treatment,they have usually been therapeutically ineffective in human diseases.In fact,in many clinical trials it has been shown that MSCs have moderate or poor efficacy.This inefficacy appears to be ascribable primarily to the heterogeneity of MSCs.Recently,specific priming strategies have been used to improve the therapeutic properties of MSCs.In this review,we explore the literature on the principal priming approaches used to enhance the preclinical inefficacy of MSCs.We found that different priming strategies have been used to direct the therapeutic effects of MSCs toward specific pathological processes.Particularly,while hypoxic priming can be used primarily for the treatment of acute diseases,inflammatory cytokines can be used mainly to prime MSCs in order to treat chronic immune-related disorders.The shift in approach from regeneration to inflammation implies,in MSCs,a shift in the production of functional factors that stimulate regenerative or anti-inflammatory pathways.The opportunity to fine-tune the therapeutic properties of MSCs through different priming strategies could conceivably pave the way for optimizing their therapeutic potential.

番泻苷B通过Wnt/β-catenin通路抑制视网膜母细胞瘤HXO-Rb44细胞增殖、凋亡和侵袭

目的探究番泻苷B对视网膜母细胞瘤HXO-Rb44细胞增殖、凋亡、侵袭及Wnt/β-catenin信号通路的影响。方法通过采用不同剂量(0、5、10、20μmol/L)番泻苷B处理HXO-Rb44细胞,将细胞随机分为4组:Control组,番泻苷B 5、10、20μmol/L组。MTT法检测细胞活力;克隆形成实验检测克隆形成率;流式细胞仪检测细胞凋亡率;Transwell检测侵袭细胞数;细胞成球实验检测细胞成球直径和细胞成球数目;蛋白质印迹检测cleaved caspase-3、caspase-3、MMP-2、MMP-9、SOX2、OCT4、CD44、Wnt1、β-catenin蛋白表达。结果与Control组比较,番泻苷B 10、20μmol/L组细胞活力、克隆形成率显著降低(P<0.05),细胞凋亡率和cleaved caspase-3/caspase-3表达显著升高(P<0.05),侵袭细胞数和MMP-2、MMP-9蛋白表达显著降低(P<0.05),细胞成球直径、细胞成球数目和SOX2、OCT4、CD44蛋白表达显著降低(P<0.05),Wnt1、β-catenin蛋白表达显著降低(P<0.05)。结论番泻苷B可抑制视网膜母细胞瘤HXO-Rb44细胞增殖、侵袭和干细胞样特性,诱导细胞凋亡,抑制Wnt/β-catenin信号通路的活化。

黄芩茎叶葡萄糖醛酸水解酶提取工艺、酶学性质、实际应用研究

目的研究黄芩茎叶葡萄糖醛酸水解酶(sbslGUS)提取工艺、酶学性质、实际应用。方法在单因素试验基础上,以粒度、加水量、提取时间、提取次数为影响因素,酶活性为评价指标,正交试验优化提取工艺。分析底物(黄芩苷)浓度与酶解速度的关系,计算V_(max)、K_(m),考察pH值、温度、金属离子对酶活性的影响,评价pH稳定性、热稳定性。sbslGUS酶解黄芩苷以制备黄芩素,考察pH值、温度、反应时间、底物初始浓度、加酶量对转化率的影响。结果最优提取工艺为粒度40目,加水量10倍,提取时间15 min,提取次数3次。酶解符合酶促反应动力学,K_(m)为0.0063 mol/L,V_(max)为70.42μmol/h,在pH值6.0、温度45℃、金属离子100 mmol/L Cu2+下酶活性最强,sbslGUS在pH值4.0~7.0、温度4~30℃范围内稳定性良好。最优制备工艺为pH值6.0,温度45℃,反应时间12 h以上,底物初始浓度67.2 mmol/L,加酶量1 mL/0.269 mmol黄芩苷,转化率为97.83%。结论sbslGUS酶解效率高,条件温和,可为获取黄芩素提供简便的制备方法,并且拓展了黄芩茎叶应用途径。

马铃薯茎叶还田对土壤理化性质及细菌群落结构的影响

【目的】探究马铃薯茎叶还田对土壤理化性质和细菌群落结构的影响。【方法】基于土壤理化分析和Illumina高通量测序技术,对比分析马铃薯茎叶还田(处理组R)与不还田(处理组NR)土壤理化指标和细菌群落结构的差异。【结果】与处理CK相比,马铃薯茎叶还田提高土壤pH及有机质、碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾含量,其中速效钾含量增幅最大,达42.36~141.53 mg/kg。马铃薯茎叶还田显著影响土壤细菌群落结构,在第45、90天时,还田处理土壤中12个细菌类群丰度显著提高,且还田处理较不还田处理土壤细菌群落的物种多样性显著提高。各处理土壤细菌群落的种间互作关系主要发生在酸杆菌门、放线菌门(Actinobacteriota)和变形菌门,且马铃薯茎叶还田处理较不还田处理,土壤细菌群落种间互作强度显著提高。相关性分析表明,Latescibacterota、脱硫菌门(Desulfobacterota)与有效磷含量呈极显著负相关,与碱解氮、有机质含量呈显著正相关;粘球菌门(Myxococcota)、Bdellovibrion⁃ota、髌骨菌门(Patescibacteria)、肠杆菌门(Entotheonellaeota)、芽单胞菌门(Gemmatimonadota)、硝化螺旋菌门(Nitrospirota)、变形菌门(Proteobacteria)与速效钾含量呈显著正相关。【结论】马铃薯茎叶还田处理可以提高土壤养分含量,显著提高土壤细菌群落的物种多样性及群落物种互作强度,土壤速效钾、有效磷、碱解氮及有机质含量等理化指标与土壤细菌群落物种组成存在显著的相关关系。

低共熔溶剂法提取棉秆纤维素及其对PP性能的影响

为减缓废弃棉秆造成的环境压力,提高棉秆副产物的综合利用,以及改善聚丙烯(PP)的强度与刚性的不足,采用低共熔溶剂(DES)分离棉秆中的纤维素并分析提取物的各项性能及其对PP热重分析性能的影响。结果表明,纤维素改性对PP的结晶度、结晶温度、吸水性能、流变性能和力学性能产生影响。当在PP中添加4 phr的通过低共熔溶剂提取出的纤维素(DESC),可以在不影响PP结晶特性的条件下提高结晶度;试样的T c上升至112.45℃,冲击强度为4.47 kJ/m^(2)较纯PP试样提高20.13%,拉伸强度和断裂伸长率略有下降,在流变性能方面10 min静态扭矩下降趋势最缓;同时,PP/DESC改性材料虽然吸水率会随着DESC含量的增加而增长,但DESC含量从2 phr增加到8 phr时,该材料的吸水性没有大幅提高。

牙周膜干细胞免疫调节特性的研究进展

牙周膜干细胞(periodontal ligament stem cells,PDLSCs)具有多向分化的潜能,是牙周组织再生的首选种子细胞。近年来,大量研究证实PDLSCs还具有广泛的免疫调节特性,深入探究其具体分子机制对于牙周炎的治疗具有重要的指导意义。本文旨在归纳总结PDLSCs对各种免疫细胞的调控以及炎症环境对PDLSCs免疫特性影响的研究进展,以期为实现PDLSCs的异体移植提供重要理论依据,从而提升牙周组织再生的治疗效果。现有研究表明,PDLSCs对固有免疫细胞和获得性免疫细胞均具有一定的免疫抑制作用,炎症刺激可导致其免疫调节特性受损。然而,目前的研究主要局限于体外细胞试验,缺乏对体内环境下PDLSCs免疫调节作用的深入研究,基于细胞谱系示踪和条件性基因敲除技术的体内研究可能成为未来的主要研究方向。

Scanning transmission electron microscopy and atom probe tomography analysis of non-stoichiometry long-period-stacking-ordered structures in Mg-Ni-Y/Sm alloys

The long-period-stacking-ordered(LPSO)structure affects the mechanical,corrosion and hydrolysis properties of Mg alloys.The current work employs high angle annular dark field-scanning transmission electron microscopy(HAADF-STEM)and atom probe tomography(APT)to investigate the structural and local chemical information of LPSO phases formed in Mg-Ni-Y/Sm ternary alloys after extended isothermal annealing.Depending on the alloying elements and their concentrations,Mg-Ni-Y/Sm develops a two-phase LPSO+α-Mg structure in which the LPSO phase contains defects,hybrid LPSO structure,and Mg insertions.HAADF-STEM and APT indicate non-stoichiometric LPSO with incomplete Ni_(6)(Y/Sm)_(8) clusters.In addition,the APT quantitatively determines the local composition of LPSO and confirms the presence of Ni within the Mg bonding layers.These results provide insight into a better understanding of the structure and hydrolysis properties of LPSO-Mg alloys.

基于ANSYS的油菜分段收获适收期茎秆剪切力学特性分析

针对油菜分段收获适收期茎秆因含水率高、抗剪强度大,造成割晒作业过程中切割困难的问题,开展油菜茎秆剪切力学特性研究。采用电子万能试验机配合YYD-1型茎秆强度测定仪对油菜分段收获适收期茎秆剪切力学特性进行试验测定,并运用ANSYS有限元仿真软件对油菜茎秆剪切力学特性进行分析对比。试验结果表明,直径为12-18 mm的油菜茎秆最大剪切力范围为234.77-368.31 N,剪切模量范围为0.095-0.136 GPa;最大剪切力与剪切模量试验测试值和模型仿真值的相对误差范围小于10%,说明采用有限元仿真方法研究油菜茎秆剪切力学特性具有可行性。研究结果为油菜分段收获适收期茎秆有限元仿真分析提供了参数参考。

不同海拔高度对烤后烟叶含梗率及相关物理性状的影响

为明确会理烟区植烟土壤海拔高度对烤后烟叶含梗率及相关物理性状的影响,设置4个海拔高度区间,跟踪调查了4个海拔高度上烤后烟叶含梗率、单叶重、叶面积、叶片厚度及叶质重指标的变化。结果表明:当海拔高度达到2000 m以上时,对X2F和C3F等级烤后烟叶含梗率影响显著,2021年增幅最大为>2000~2200 m海拔高度处理(19.96%和12.75%),2022年增幅最大为>2200 m海拔高度处理(26.16%和17.63%);随着海拔的升高,烤后烟叶单叶重、叶面积和叶质重总体呈下降趋势;海拔高度与含梗率成正相关关系,与叶面积、叶片厚度、叶质重和单叶重成负相关关系,其中受影响最大的是X2F和C3F等级烟叶。

骨形态发生蛋白9对肝细胞癌肿瘤干细胞干性、增殖和侵袭的影响及机制

目的探讨骨形态发生蛋白9(BMP9)对肝细胞癌(HCC)肿瘤干细胞(CSCs)干性、增殖和侵袭的影响及机制。方法取对数生长期的正常肝细胞、肝癌细胞、肝癌CSCs,采用RT-qPCR法检测BMP9 mRNA表达,采用Western blotting法检测BMP9蛋白表达。采用慢病毒干扰载体转染肝细胞癌肿瘤干细胞(HepG2-CSCs)以敲低BMP9表达,并分成HepG2-CSCs组、HepG2-CSCs-BMP9敲低组。加入MAPK/ERK信号激动剂(DIPQUO)后,将细胞分为三组:HepG2-CSCs组、HepG2-CSCs敲低组及HepG2-CSCs敲低+DIPQUO组。采用RT-qPCR实验检测HepG2-CSCs干性相关分子CD44、SOX2和OCT4表达,采用CCK-8实验检测细胞增殖能力,采用Transwell实验检测细胞侵袭能力,采用蛋白印迹法检测MAPK/ERK通路关键蛋白表达。结果与正常肝细胞比,肝癌细胞和肝癌肿瘤干细胞(HepG2-CSCs)中BMP9表达上调(P<0.05)。HepG2 CSCs细胞中BMP9 mRNA和蛋白表达高于HepG2细胞(P均<0.05)。BMP9敲低后,HepG2-CSCs-BMP9敲低组中HepG2-CSCs细胞中干细胞相关标志物CD44、SOX2、OCT4 mRNA表达较HepG2-CSCs组降低(P均<0.05)。与HepG2-CSCs组比较,HepG2-CSCs-BMP9敲低组中HepG2-CSCs在48、72和96 h的细胞增殖能力降低(P均<0.05),HepG2-CSCs细胞迁移和侵袭能力降低(P均<0.05)。较HepG2-CSCs组,HepG2-CSCs-BMP9敲低组中HepG2-CSCs中p-ERK1/2和p-MEK1/2蛋白表达显著降低(P均<0.05)。HepG2-CSCs敲低+DIPQUO组HepG2-CSCs中干细胞相关标志物CD44、SOX2、OCT4 mRNA表达增加(P均<0.05),HepG2-CSCs增殖和侵袭能力增强(P均<0.05)。结论BMP9敲低可抑制HepG2-CSCs干性维持并抑制细胞增殖、降低侵袭能力,机制可能与抑制MAPK/ERK信号通路有关。

大花序桉和托里桉生长量及主要材性比较

于2014年在福建漳州龙海九龙岭国有林场,选取12年生大花序桉和托里桉人工林为研究对象,对其生长量、木材物理和力学性质进行研究。结果表明,大花序桉平均胸径、平均树高、平均单株材积、单位面积木材蓄积量分别是托里桉的1.4倍、1.39倍、2.56倍、1.43倍。大花序桉、托里桉木材的气干密度分别为0.77、0.58 g·cm^(-3),全干和气干时的干缩率分别为15.8%和9.9%、14.4%和9.7%,气干时和吸水后的湿胀性分别为7.2%和19.0%、5.5%和16.9%。大花序桉木材的顺纹抗压强度为67.8 MPa、抗弯强度为135.9 MPa,高于托里桉;同时大花序桉的端面、径面和弦面硬度均高于托里桉。综合结果表明,与托里桉相比,大花序桉具有较高的生产力,木材物理力学性质优良,木材综合强度属中上,是优良的实木用材。研究结果可为大花序桉和托里桉的科学经营及木材利用提供参考。

Elastic modulus affects the growth and differentiation of neural stem cells

It remains poorly understood if carrier hardness, elastic modulus, and contact area affect neural stem cell growth and differentiation. Tensile tests show that the elastic moduli of Tiansu and SMI silicone membranes are lower than that of an ordinary dish, while the elastic modulus of SMI silicone membrane is lower than that of Tiansu silicone membrane. Neural stem cells from the cerebral cortex of embryonic day 16 Sprague-Dawley rats were seeded onto ordinary dishes as well as Tiansu silicone membrane and SMI silicone membrane. Light microscopy showed that neural stem cells on all three carriers show improved adherence. After 7 days of differentiation, neuron specific enolase, glial fibrillary acidic protein, and myelin basic protein expression was detected by immunofluorescence. Moreover, flow cytometry revealed a higher rate of neural stem cell differentiation into astrocytes on Tiansu and SMI silicone membranes than on the ordinary dish, which was also higher on the SMI than the Tiansu silicone membrane. These findings con- firm that all three cell carrier types have good biocompatibility, while SMI and Tiansu silicone membranes exhibit good mechanical homogenization. Thus, elastic modulus affects neural stem cell differentiation into various nerve cells. Within a certain range, a smaller elastic modulus re- sults in a more obvious trend of cell differentiation into astrocytes.