Effects of Different Ridge Culture Ways on Stem Diameter,Plant Height,the Number of Leaves and Yield of Phaseolus vulgaris L. under Dry Farming Conditions

The variety "Aifeng" was used as experimental material,and the stem diameter,plant height,the number of leaves and yield of P. vulgaris under three ways of ridge culture (bedding,high ridge and M ridge) were observed and detected to study the effects of different ridge cultures on the growth and yield. The results showed that the stem diameter,plant height,the number of leaves and yield under M ridge culture were higher than that of bedding and high ridge.

Architecture of stem and branch affects yield formation in short season cotton

The cotton direct seeding after wheat(rape) harvested is under trial and would be the future direction at the Yangtze River Valley region of China.The objective of this study was to quantify the effects of branch and stem architecture on cotton yield and identify the optimal cotton architecture to compensate the yield loss due to the reduction of individual production capacity under high planting density in the direst seeding after wheat harvested cropping system.The characteristics of the stem and branch architecture and the relationships between architecture of the stem and branch with yield formation were studied on eight short season cotton cultivars during 2015 and 2016 cotton growth seasons.Based on the two years results,three cultivars with different architectures of stem and branch were selected to investigate the effect of mepiquat chloride(MC) application on the architecture of the stem and branch,boll retention,and the yield in 2017.Significant differences were observed on plant height,all fruiting nodes to branches ratio(NBR) in the cotton plant,and the curvature of the fruiting branch(CFB) among the studied cultivars.There were three types of stem and fruiting branch structures: Zhong425 with stable and suitable plant height and NBR(about 90 cm and 2.5,respectively),high CFB(more than 10.0),and high boll retention speed and seed cotton yield;Siyang 822 with excessive plant height and NBR,low CFB,and low boll retention speed and seed cotton yield;and other studied cultivars with unstable structure of stem and branch,boll retention speed,and seed cotton yield across years.And MC application could promote the appropriate plant height and NBR and high CFB and thus resulted in high boll retention speed and the yield.The results suggested that the suitable plant height and NBR(about 90 cm and 2.5 respectively),and high CFB(more than 10.0),which was related to both genotype and cultural practice,could promote the higher boll retention speed and seed cotton yield.

Study on the Relationship of Seedling Density and Line Spacing to Leaf-stem Ratio, DW/FW Ratio and Grass Yield of Forage Sweet Sorghum

[ Objectives ] The aim was to optimize the configuration of seedling density and line spacing of forage sweet sorghum （ Sorghum blcolor （ L. ） Moench） and explore its high-yield cultivation techniques. [ Methods] Effects of such two influencing factors as line spacing and seedling density on the leaf-stem ratio, DW/FW ratio and grass yield of forage sweet sorghum were analyzed by using split-plot experiment design experiment method and LSD method of IBM. SPSS. Statis- tics. v22 stati, stics software. [ Results ~ Seedling density and line spacing had no obvious effect on the leaf-stem ratio and DW/FW ratio of forage sweet sorghum but had obvious influences on the grass yield. Moreover, the optimal combination of seedling density and line spacing for high yield of forage sweet sorghum was A2 B4, that is, seedling density was 225 000 plants/hm2, and line spacing was 40 cm. [ Conclusions] The results provided a theoretical basis and technical support for high-yield cultivation techniques of forage sweet sorghum.

Estimating Pinus palustris tree diameter and stem volume from tree height,crown area and stand-level parameters

Accurate and efficient estimation of forest growth and live biomass is a critical element in assessing potential responses to forest management and environmental change. The objective of this study was to develop models to predict longleaf pine tree diameter at breast height （dbh） and merchantable stem volume （V） using data obtained from field measurements. We used longleaf pine tree data from 3,376 planted trees on 127 permanent plots located in the U.S. Gulf Coastal Plain region to fit equations to predict dbh and V as functions of tree height （H） and crown area （CA）. Prediction of dbh as a function of H improved when CA was added as an additional independent variable. Similarly, predic- tions of V based on H improved when CA was included. Incorporation of additional stand variables such as age, site index, dominant height, and stand density were also evaluated but resulted in only small improvements in model performance. For model testing we used data from planted and naturally-regenerated trees located inside and outside the geographic area used for model fitting. Our results suggest that the models are a robust alternative for dbh and V estimations when H and CA are known on planted stands with potential for naturally-regenerated stands, across a wide range of ages. We discuss the importance of these models for use with metrics derived from remote sensing data.

Molecular Mapping of QTLs for Yield and Yield-Related Traits in Oryza sativa cv Swarna × O. nivara (IRGC81848) Backcross Population

Advanced backcross QTL analysis was used to identify QTLs for seven yield and yield-related traits in a BC2F2 population from the cross between a popular Oryza sativa cv Swarna and O. nivara IRGC81848. Transgressive segregants with more than 15% increased effect over Swarna were observed for all the traits except days to heading and days to 50% flowering. Thirty QTLs were detected for seven yield and yield-related traits using interval and composite interval mapping. Enhancing alleles at 13 (45%) of these QTLs were derived from O. nivara, and enhancing alleles at all the QTLs for stem diameter and rachis diameter were derived from O. nivara. Three stem diameter QTLs, two rachis diameter QTLs and one number of secondary branches QTL identified by both Interval and composite interval mapping contributed more than 15% of the total phenotypic variance. The QTL epistasis was significant for stem diameter and plot yield. The most significant QTLs qSD7.2, qSD8.1 and qSD9.1 for stem diameter, qRD9.1 for rachis diameter and qNSB1.1 for number of secondary branches are good targets to evaluate their use in marker-assisted selection. O. nivara is a good source of novel alleles for yield related traits and reveals major effect QTLs suitable for marker-assisted selection.

油蔬两用油菜品种的品质与产量评价

为促进油菜油蔬两用技术的推广,对18个油蔬两用油菜品种的菜薹产量、不摘薹和摘薹后菜籽产量等性状,以及菜薹的粗纤维、可溶性糖、维生素C、钙、铁、锌、硒质量分数和食味得分等品质性状进行统计,开展主成分分析和聚类分析,并计算各品种的综合产值.结果表明:11个性状可综合为6个主成分,18个品种可划分为3个类群;基于产量和品质特征确定了3个总产值高的品种赣油杂8号、邡油777和沣油958以及1个优质高产品种渝南油683,结果可为重庆地区油菜油蔬两用技术的推广提供种质基础和数据支撑.

Comparative Efficacies of Next-Generation Insecticides Against Yellow Stem Borer and Their Effects on Natural Enemies in Rice Ecosystem

The efficacies of some next-generation insecticides against the rice yellow stem borer(YSB),Scirpophaga incertulas(Walk.), and their compatibilities with natural enemies were investigated during 2014 and 2015. Three newer insecticides, chlorantraniliprole 0.4% G, dinotefuran 20% SG, and methoxyfenozide 24% SC, and two commonly used insecticides, carbufuran 5 G and quinalphos 25 EC,were evaluated in the field for their efficacies against YSB and their non-target effects on natural enemies.Application of chlorantraniliprole 0.4% G at 10.96 kg/hm^2 resulted in the greatest reduction in YSB infestation(deadhearts and whiteheads) and greatest increase of yield compared to the untreated control plots, followed by methoxyfenozide 24% SC at 0.41 L/hm^2, dinotefuran 20% SG at 0.15 kg/hm^2,carbufuran 5 G at 10.96 kg/hm^2, and quinalphos 25 EC at 1.50 L/hm^2. All the insecticides reduced the numbers of predators viz., lady bird beetles, wolf spiders, carabid beetles, earwigs, green mirid bugs, and damselflies. Numbers of adults of the egg parasitoids Trichogramma sp., Telenomus sp. and Tetrastichus sp. were significantly reduced in insecticide-treated plots compared to untreated control plots. In all field trials, the harmful effects of the five insecticides were in the following rank order(least harmful to most harmful): chlorantraniliprole 0.4% G, carbufuran 5 G, dinotefuran 20% SG, methoxyfenozide 24% SC,and quinalphos 25 EC. On the basis of reduction in YSB infestation, increase in grain yield, and compatibility with natural enemies, chlorantraniliprole 0.4% G was proved to be the best of all the insecticides for YSB management system, although the study suggested minimizing its retail price for enhancement of cost effectiveness in farmers' fields.

苗期摘叶对玉米茎秆抗倒伏特性及产量的影响

[目的]研究玉米苗期摘叶处理对茎秆特性及抗倒伏性的影响。[方法]2019—2020年在凤城和彰武进行田间试验,系统研究苗期摘叶(5叶1心期和6叶1心期)对玉米茎秆抗倒伏特性及产量的影响。[结果]苗期摘叶改变了玉米植株形态特征,凤城和彰武2地表现出相似规律。与未摘叶相比,苗期摘叶处理穗下茎节节数减少1~2节,穗位以下茎节长度缩短,但对穗位以上茎节长度无影响,玉米株高和穗位高分别降低了26~37 cm和16~26 cm;苗期摘叶处理对玉米基部第1~2茎节的茎秆抗弯折力略有提高,但对茎秆抗穿刺和抗压碎能力无显著影响;苗期摘叶处理对气生根的根直径和入土夹角无显著影响,但气生根入土条数和入土深度略有增加;凤城玉米倒伏率显著高于彰武,苗期摘叶使凤城玉米植株倒伏率降低了14.8~23.4个百分点。苗期摘叶降低了玉米空秆率,玉米植株叶面积指数降低,库源比增高,玉米生育期延迟了7~11 d。在倒伏严重的凤城地区,5叶1心期摘叶玉米产量增加了9.54%~17.2%,6叶1心期摘叶对玉米产量无显著影响;而在倒伏发生相对轻的彰武地区,6叶1心期摘叶处理反而减产5.75%~12.8%。[结论]苗期摘叶可通过减少穗下节数量、缩短节间长度等,促进玉米穗位降低,从而有效控制倒伏,实现提高玉米产量的目的;摘叶时期是影响玉米产量效应的决定因素。苗期摘叶提高了高密种植玉米的潜力。本研究结果对玉米增产及培育抗倒伏玉米品种具有重要启发及实践意义,在倒伏易发生地区具有较好的应用前景。

不同施氮水平下硅肥对谷子抗倒伏能力、产量和品质的影响

[目的]倒伏严重影响谷子产量和品质。探究不同施氮水平下硅肥提高谷子茎秆强度、产量及品质的作用,为谷子高产高效施肥提供技术方案。[方法]以晋谷21和张杂13为供试谷子品种,在山西太谷进行大田试验。在常规施氮量N_(1)(180 kg/hm^(2))和高施氮量N_(2)(450 kg/hm^(2))下,分别设置不施硅、施用硅酸钠(Si_(1),SiO_(2) 68.85 kg/hm^(2))和硅钙肥(Si_(2),SiO_(2) 67.2 kg/hm^(2)),共6个处理。在谷子成熟期测量其株高、抗倒伏能力相关指标、光合特性、产量和品质相关指标,并观察茎秆横切面显微结构。[结果]N_(1)水平下,施用硅肥降低了谷子基节长度,增加了茎粗、茎秆抗折力和穿刺力,晋谷21和张杂13两品种前五基节的节间长度分别降低了4.1%~30.1%和9.5%~11.5%,茎粗分别增加5.3%~19.4%和13.0%~34.1%;晋谷21抗倒性在N_(1)-Si_(1)处理较强,第一、第二基节抗倒伏指数较N_(1)-Si_0处理分别增加37.4%和35.8%,张杂13在N_(1)-Si_(2)处理时较强,第一、第二基节抗倒伏指数较N_(1)-Si_0处理分别增加136.0%和94.7%。N_(2)水平下,施用硅肥后晋谷21和张杂13前五基节的节间长度分别降低了9.6%~30.3%和10.6%~14.9%,茎粗分别增加了9.56%~23.9%和16.2%~31.0%,茎秆扁平度降低。硅钙肥对谷子茎秆强度影响大于硅酸钠,N_(2)-Si_(2)处理晋谷21的第二基节抗折力、穿刺力和抗倒伏指数比N_(2)-Si_0分别增加97.9%、77.6%和83.3%,张杂13的第一基节抗折力、穿刺力和抗倒伏指数比N_(2)-Si_0分别增加74.0%、66.8%和128%。施硅后谷子茎秆中机械组织增厚,维管束数量增多且排列均匀,向茎秆中心延伸,且在N_(2)水平下,硅钙肥作用效果优于硅酸钠。硅可促进谷子穗码发育,增加穗粗、穗粒数和千粒重,在高氮水平下硅钙肥处理使晋谷21和张杂13的产量分别增加23.8%和24.0%。施用硅肥能够提高谷子脂肪、蛋白质和氨基酸含量,在高氮水平下可以降低谷子直链淀粉/支链淀粉值。[结论]在高氮条件下,施用硅钙肥使谷子前五基节长度降低,茎粗增加,机械强度增加,进而提高抗倒伏能力;施用硅肥还可增加光合速率和蒸腾速率,促进物质积累和运输,增加产量,改善品质。

基于DOE分析法的打叶复烤长梗得率工艺优化

[目的]优化打叶复烤长梗得率工艺,提高烟草打叶复烤长梗得率。[方法]以陕甘产区的中部烟配打模块为供试材料,以打叶流量、三打打辊转速、四打打辊转速为研究对象,采用全因子试验设计及DOE,探索打叶流量、三打打辊转速和四打打辊转速对长梗得率的影响,并构建相应的数学回归模型。[结果]打叶流量、三打打辊转速、四打打辊转速3个因子主效应及打叶流量与三打打辊转速间的交互作用对长梗得率均有显著影响,而打叶流量与四打打辊转速间的交互作用、三打打辊转速与四打打辊转速间的交互作用对长梗得率均没有显著影响。长梗得率与打叶流量、三打打辊转速、四打打辊转速及打叶流量与三打打辊转速间的交互作用四者间存在有效的回归模型。最优的指标参数为打叶流量9500 kg/h、三打打辊转速650 r/min、四打打辊转速750 r/min,平均长梗得率达到最大值15.2850%,合意度最好。[结论]长梗得率与打叶流量、三打打辊转速和四打打辊转速存在一定的回归关系,通过回归关系确定了最佳长梗得率的打叶流量、三打打辊转速和四打打辊转速指标参数。

品种和种植密度对木薯茎叶生物量及营养品质的影响

研究旨在探讨品种和种植密度对木薯茎叶产量、农艺性状及营养品质的影响。以木薯桂热891、云热薯2号、华南205为试验材料,选择品种(A)、种植密度(B)两个因素进行随机区组设计,在云南干热河谷区进行7个种植密度的田间比对试验。结果显示,木薯茎叶产量随种植密度增加呈先升高后下降的趋势,按B6、B5种植可收获较高的茎叶产量,低种植密度比高种植密度更适合茎叶干物质的积累。株高随种植密度的增加呈升高趋势,而茎粗则逐渐下降。根据平均隶属函数结果可知,A1、A3按B4种植营养品质最佳,A2按B2种植营养品质最佳,且粗蛋白含量相对较高。不同品种间,A2、A3的产量、农艺性状、营养品质优于A1。研究表明,云热薯2号为适宜云南干热河谷区种植品种,其适宜种植密度为50 000株/hm2,可收获较高的茎叶生物产量,且营养品质佳。

食药同源新型蔬菜菘油1号及其高产栽培技术

为打造河西走廊“菜篮子”工程,丰富蔬菜种类,从华中农业大学引进1种食药同源的新型蔬菜——菘油1号,在酒泉市粤港澳大湾区生产基地试种成功,产品受到南方市场青睐。该品种是甘蓝型油菜与菘蓝的远缘杂交种,根系发达,株型较大,株高60~120 cm,叶幅65~80 cm;耐寒、不耐热,抗病性强;腋芽萌发能力极强;主、侧薹兼收,采收期较长。通过了解菘油1号作物生长习性,从基地选择、茬口安排、播种方式、田间管理等方面建立了1套标准化栽培技术,实现了菘油1号持续高产,每667 m^(2)每茬可产菜薹2445.5 kg,每667 m^(2)纯收益17346元,经济效益显著,适宜在甘肃省河西走廊中部冷凉区及同类型地区大面积推广。

生长调节剂对大豆-玉米间作模式中玉米产量和抗倒性的影响

为解决江苏沿江地区玉米大豆带状复合种植模式下玉米易倒伏的问题,2022—2023年在江苏省如皋市薛窑基地,以普通玉米品种江玉877和大豆品种通豆13为材料,采用玉米大豆“2+4”的间作模式,以喷施清水为对照,分别在苗期和第7叶展开期喷施不同植物生长调节剂(单独喷施多效唑、烯效唑、玉必施,三种调节剂和芸苔素内酯联合喷施),研究其对大豆玉米带状复合种植条件下玉米茎秆强度、倒伏率、根系活力和产量等的影响,探索有利于增强玉米抗倒伏性能的调节剂配施方案。结果表明,第7叶展开期喷施玉必施加芸苔素内酯处理(V7-R6)对大豆-玉米间作模式下玉米抗倒性能提升效果最好。与喷施清水处理相比,V7-R6处理下玉米成熟期的茎秆抗折力(SBR)、成熟期根系活力和茎粗分别增加55.0%、19.9%和14.3%;从而使得根倒率和总倒伏率分别降低8.2和8.9个百分点,株高和穗位高分别降低11.3%和8.6%。同时,V7-R6处理下玉米产量提升幅度最大,较喷施清水处理提高28.4%(均为两年平均值)。综上,在复合种植条件下的玉米生长过程中,于第7叶展开期喷施玉必施加芸苔素内酯处理能获得较好的抗倒性能和较高的产量,可在大田生产中进一步推广。本研究结果为生产调节剂在大豆-玉米带状复合种植中的应用提供了重要的参考依据。

长江下游地区味优高产协同粳稻的品种特性

【目的】探明长江下游地区味优高产协同粳稻品种共性农艺与生理特征,为实现区域稻米产量和品质协同提升提供理论依据和技术支撑。【方法】于2018年和2022年,分别采用14个和13个常规粳稻品种开展品种筛选试验,系统比较不同品种的产量及构成、食味品质及质构特性,以及生物量、茎鞘非结构性碳水化合物(NSC)、群体光合势(LAD)等农艺与生理指标的差异。【结果】品种间的食味值和产量具有较大变幅,为此,按食味值和产量进行聚类,将不同水稻品种分为味中低产(ML)、味中高产(MH)和味优高产(GH)3种类型。GH类型品种2年的平均食味值和产量分别为68.5和10.2 t·hm^(-2),较MH和ML综合提高食味值6.8%、产量14.6%。从产量和品质性状的表现来看,与MH和ML相比,GH类型品种表现最高的结实率和口感得分。从生物量积累的过程来看,GH类型品种增加了灌浆初期的干物质积累比例,表现最高的抽穗-抽穗后15d的干物质积累。进一步分析此阶段干物质积累成因发现,GH类型品种在稳定增加LAD的同时,显著增加了茎鞘中NSC的转运率。相关性分析表明,水稻结实率与口感得分、抽穗-抽穗后15 d的干物质积累和LAD及NSC转运率均呈极显著正相关关系。【结论】在保持较高的抽穗-抽穗后15 d LAD(100.4 m^(2)·m^(-2)·d)的同时,进一步提高灌浆期茎鞘NSC的转运率(79.9%)促进灌浆启动,增加抽穗-抽穗后15 d干物质积累(3.6 t·hm^(-2)),提高水稻结实率(95.4%)和口感(9.6),是该区域味优高产协同水稻品种的共性特征。此外,研发以提高灌浆期NSC转运量和抽穗期植株茎鞘NSC积累为目标的水肥管理技术,有望进一步发挥上述味优高产协同品种的产量和食味品质潜力。

氮肥缓释剂与硅肥对玉米茎秆强度及产量的影响

为探究氮肥缓释剂和硅肥对玉米产量的影响,选择德美亚3为试验材料,在常规施肥基础上,设置5个处理,分别为ck:氮来福0 kg/hm^(2)、硅肥0 kg/hm^(2);N_(1):氮来福30 kg/hm^(2)、硅肥0 kg/hm^(2),基肥尿素减量20%;N_(2):氮来福30 kg/hm^(2)、硅肥0 kg/hm^(2);Sia:氮来福0 kg/hm^(2)、硅肥A 150 kg/hm^(2);Sib:氮来福0 kg/hm^(2)、硅肥B 150 kg/hm^(2);分析其形态指标、产量指标、茎秆强度的变化规律。结果表明,与ck相比,N_(1)、N_(2)、Sia、Sib处理下,玉米茎粗分别提高了4.00%、2.70%、3.39%、3.22%;抗推力强度分别提高了2.12%、1.00%、9.34%、10.21%;行粒数分别提高了2.86%、2.68%、0.89%、4.11%;产量分别提高了5.92%、5.38%、1.69%、2.73%。硅肥Sia、Sib处理下玉米穿刺强度分别提高了2.68%、10.41%。5个处理中,产量排序依次为N_(1)>N_(2)>Sib>Sia>ck;穿刺强度排序依次为Sib>Sia>ck>N_(1)>N_(2);抗推力强度排序依次为Sib>Sia>N_(1)>N_(2)>ck。

播量对缩行带状滴灌燕麦抗倒伏能力和产量的影响

为明确缩行带状滴灌下播量对燕麦抗倒伏能力和产量的影响,于2022—2023年以抗倒伏品种“坝莜1号”和易倒伏品种“燕科2号”为试验材料,分别设90 kg hm^(-2)(S1)、120 kg hm^(-2)(S2)、150 kg hm^(-2)(S3)、180 kg hm^(-2)(S4)和210 kg hm^(-2)(S5)5个播量,研究其对燕麦茎秆基部理化特性、抗倒伏能力、产量及构成因素的影响。结果表明,燕麦株高和重心高度随播量增加呈先升高后降低趋势,“坝莜1号”在S3处理下最高,较其他处理株分别增加了2.63%~13.36%和1.49%~12.30%;“燕科2号”在S2处理下最高,较其他处理分别增加了2.52%~15.20%、4.67%~21.21%。两燕麦茎秆基部第二节间长随播量增加而增加,S1较其他处理降低了10.86%~96.39%,第二节间粗、干重、充实度及抗折力随播量增加而减小,S1较其他处理分别增加了1.76%~32.81%、9.08%~125.89%、26.88%~292.64%、6.48%~129.70%。随着播量的增加,燕麦茎秆基部纤维素、可溶性糖、C/N、钾、硅含量逐渐降低,氮含量相反。与其他处理相比较,S1处理各化学组分含量分别增加了5.81%~74.10%、1.62%~24.34%、4.78%~55.41%、1.90%~107.78%、2.00%~17.37%,氮含量降低了2.95%~22.66%。倒伏率和倒伏级别在不同年份和品种间表现不同:2022年坝莜1号和燕科2号分别在S4~S5和S3~S5播量下发生倒伏,2023年两燕麦均发生倒伏,且倒伏率和倒伏分级随播量增加而增加。穗粒数和千粒重随播量增加而降低,但籽粒产量呈先升高后降低趋势,“坝莜1号”和“燕科2号”分别在150 kg hm^(-2)和120 kg hm^(-2)下籽粒产量最高。相关性分析表明,燕麦茎秆基部节间形态特征和化学组分含量显著影响茎秆基部抗折力,从而影响田间倒伏率和级别,可作为评价燕麦抗倒伏能力的关键指标。综合考虑抗倒伏能力与籽粒产量,坝莜1号最佳播量为150 kg hm^(-2),燕科2号最佳播量为120 kg hm^(-2)。

新疆地区4个红豆草新品系的生产性能评价

【目的】为客观评价红豆草新品系的生产性能,为新品系的示范推广及品种审定提供基础数据。【方法】试验以新疆农业大学选育的3个红豆草新品系ND056-1、ND056-2、ND056-3为材料,以奇台红豆草为对照(CK),通过观测生育期、株高、干鲜比、茎叶比、鲜草产量、干草产量等指标,对其生产性能进行综合评价。【结果】研究结果表明,四个材料的物候期无差异,ND056-3的平均株高最高为104.2 cm,ND056-2的次之为104.13 cm,CK最低为103.07 cm;ND056-1的干鲜比最高为30.15%,是对照的1.22倍,ND056-2最低为23.73%,是对照的0.96倍;ND056-3的叶茎比最高(1.2266),ND056-2次之(0.9918),分别是对照的1.1倍和1.38倍;全年鲜草产量中,ND056-3的最高为70.58 t/hm^(2),ND056-1次之为66.25 t/hm^(2),分别是对照的1.247倍和1.170倍;全年干草产量中,ND056-1的最高为19.89 t/hm^(2),ND056-3次之为19.32 t/hm^(2),分别是对照的1.30倍和1.27倍。【结论】综合分析认为,新品系ND056-3适合作为青鲜草利用,ND056-1适合作为干草利用。

水培茎杆规格对刺龙牙产量和营养品质的影响

为筛选出适宜刺龙牙反季节生产的水培茎杆规格,在温室内对不同长度和粗度的茎杆进行水培,研究其对顶芽萌发率、产量及营养物质(可溶性蛋白质、维生素C等)的影响。结果表明:随着水培茎杆长度和粗度的增加,顶芽萌发率和产量逐渐增加,营养成分含量逐渐提高,水培茎杆粗20 mm以上、长50 cm以上的顶芽均萌发,其中茎杆粗度达到15 mm以上、长60 cm以上时,顶芽产量均超过20 g;水培茎杆规格对顶芽多糖、可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白质和维生素C等营养成分含量的影响显著,各营养成分含量随水培茎杆粗度和长度的增加逐渐增加。结合刺龙牙整形修剪技术,建议在实际生产中水培茎杆规格以粗度(20±0.2)mm、长度50~60 cm为宜。

万州区不同茎瘤芥(榨菜)新品种比较试验

为筛选出适合重庆万州区栽培的茎瘤芥(榨菜)新品种,以当地主栽品种涪杂2号为对照(CK),对6个新品种进行比较试验。结果表明,早圆100天早熟,菜形椭圆,茎叶比值高,瘤茎产量显著优于CK,经济效益高,适合万州区早市鲜菜栽培及大面积推广示范;涪杂5号田间表现良好,叶片产量低于CK,但瘤茎产量高于CK,经济效益良好,较适宜当地种植。

2种新型肥料对茎瘤芥生长及品质的影响

茎瘤芥是我国特有的农业资源,湖南是茎瘤芥的主要产区之一。开展新型肥料对茎瘤芥影响研究有利于促进土壤地力长效化和化肥合理使用,对提升茎瘤芥产量及茎瘤品质、促进产业良性发展具有一定意义。本研究选择有机硅钙镁及左老师·根康2种新型肥料,探究其对茎瘤芥生长、产量及品质的影响。结果表明,增施有机硅钙镁能够增加茎瘤芥的株高,提高叶片质量、茎瘤质量、根质量,总产量达140.00±32.41 t/hm^(2),增产24.11%;还能显著提高干物质、可溶性糖及VC含量水平。增施左老师·根康能增加植株高度、须根数量,提高叶片质量、茎瘤质量、根质量,总产量达159.25±23.07 t/hm^(2),增产41.18%;还能显著提高干物质、可溶性糖含量,提高VC含量。同时增施有机硅钙镁+左老师·根康能提升植株高度,增加茎瘤质量,总产量117.53±20.63 t/hm^(2),增产4.19%;还能显著提高干物质、VC含量,提高可溶性糖含量,但效果不如有机硅钙镁和左老师·根康单独施用。因此认为,有机硅钙镁和左老师·根康对促进茎瘤芥的生长、提高产量及品质均有一定作用,特别是有机硅钙镁能显著改善品质,左老师·根康能显著提高产量,但两者无需同时施用。