Oscillatory Dynamics of Heterogeneous Stem Cell Regeneration

Stem cell regeneration is an essential biological process in the maintenance of tissue homeostasis;dysregulation of stem cell regeneration may result in dynamic diseases that show oscillations in cell numbers.Cell heterogeneity and plasticity are necessary for the dynamic equilibrium of tissue homeostasis;however,how these features may affect the oscillatory dynamics of the stem cell regeneration process remains poorly understood.Here,based on a mathematical model of heterogeneous stem cell regeneration that includes cell heterogeneity and random transition of epigenetic states,we study the conditions to have oscillation solutions through bifurcation analysis and numerical simulations.Our results show various model system dynamics with changes in different parameters associated with kinetic rates,cellular heterogeneity,and plasticity.We show that introducing heterogeneity and plasticity to cells can result in oscillation dynamics,as we have seen in the homogeneous stem cell regeneration system.However,increasing the cell heterogeneity and plasticity intends to maintain tissue homeostasis under certain conditions.The current study is an initiatory investigation of how cell heterogeneity and plasticity may affect stem cell regeneration dynamics,and many questions remain to be further studied both biologically and mathematically.

Human mesenchymal stem cells exhibit altered mitochondrial dynamics and poor survival in high glucose microenvironment

BACKGROUND Mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs)are a type of stem cells that possess relevant regenerative abilities and can be used to treat many chronic diseases.Diabetes mellitus(DM)is a frequently diagnosed chronic disease characterized by hyperglycemia which initiates many multisystem complications in the long-run.DM patients can benefit from MSCs transplantation to curb down the pathological consequences associated with hyperglycemia persistence and restore the function of damaged tissues.MSCs therapeutic outcomes are found to last for short period of time and ultimately these regenerative cells are eradicated and died in DM disease model.AIM To investigate the impact of high glucose or hyperglycemia on the cellular and molecular characteristics of MSCs.METHODS Human adipose tissue-derived MSCs(hAD-MSCs)were seeded in low(5.6 mmol/L of glucose)and high glucose(25 mmol/L of glucose)for 7 d.Cytotoxicity,viability,mitochondrial dynamics,and apoptosis were deplored using specific kits.Western blotting was performed to measure the protein expression of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase(PI3K),TSC1,and mammalian target of rapamycin(mTOR)in these cells.RESULTS hAD-MSCs cultured in high glucose for 7 d demonstrated marked decrease in their viability,as shown by a significant increase in lactate dehydrogenase(P<0.01)and a significant decrease in Trypan blue(P<0.05)in these cells compared to low glucose control.Mitochondrial membrane potential,indicated by tetramethylrhodamine ethyl ester(TMRE)fluorescence intensity,and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide(NAD+)/NADH ratio were significantly dropped(P<0.05 for TMRE and P<0.01 for NAD+/NADH)in high glucose exposed hAD-MSCs,indicating disturbed mitochondrial function.PI3K protein expression significantly decreased in high glucose culture MSCs(P<0.05 compared to low glucose)and it was coupled with significant upregulation in TSC1(P<0.05)and downregulation in mTOR protein expression(P<0.05).Mitochondrial complexes I,IV,and V were downregulated profoundly in high glucose(P<0.05 compared to low glucose).Apoptosis was induced as a result of mitochondrial impairment and explained the poor survival of MSCs in high glucose.CONCLUSION High glucose impaired the mitochondrial dynamics and regulatory proteins in hAD-MSCs ensuing their poor survival and high apoptosis rate in hyperglycemic microenvironment.

STUDY ON DYNAMICS OF STEM FORM OF KOREAN PINE TREES IN NATURAL FOREST STAND

A new method was proposed to study the dynamics of stem form of matural Korean pine (Pinus koraiensis) trec. In natural Korean Pine forest, the occurring time of maximum height and diameter is very difference. This paper connected stem form to stage of tree growth to analysis the form dynamic of Korean pine. The monomolecular equation was chosen as the stem model. The result shows that the maximum growth year of natural Korean pine is earlier than diameter.

Regulation of neural stem cell fate decisions by mitochondrial dynamics

Stem cells possess the ability to divide symmetrically or asymmet- rically to allow for maintenance of the stem cell pool or become committed progenitors and differentiate into various cell lineages. The unique self-renewal capabilities and pluripotency of stem cells are integral to tissue regeneration and repair （Oh et al., 2014）. Mul- tiple mechanisms including intracellular programs and extrinsic cues are reported to regulate neural stem cell （NSC） fate （Bond et al., 2015）. A recent study, published in Cell Stern Cell, identified a novel mechanism whereby mitochondrial dynamics drive NSC fate （Khacho et al., 2016）.

Rescue axonal defects by targeting mitochondrial dynamics in hereditary spastic paraplegias

Impaired axonal development and degeneration underlie debilitating neurodegenerative diseases including hereditary spastic paraplegia, a large group of inherited diseases. Hereditary spastic paraplegia is caused by retrograde degeneration of the long corticospinal tract axons, leading to progressive spasticity and weakness of leg and hip muscles. There are over 70 subtypes with various underlying pathophysiological processes, such as defective vesicular trafficking, lipid metabolism, organelle shaping, axonal transport, and mitochondrial dysfunction. Although hereditary spastic paraplegia consists of various subtypes with different pathological characteristics, defects in mitochondrial morphology and function emerge as one of the common cellular themes in hereditary spastic paraplegia. Mitochondrial morphology and function are remodeled by mitochondrial dynamics regulated by several key fission and fusion mediators. However, the role of mitochondrial dynamics in axonal defects of hereditary spastic paraplegia remains largely unknown. Recently, studies reported perturbed mitochondrial morphology in hereditary spastic paraplegia neurons. Moreover, downregulation of mitochondrial fission regulator dynamin-related protein 1, both pharmacologically and genetically, could rescue axonal outgrowth defects in hereditary spastic paraplegia neurons, providing a potential therapeutic target for treating these hereditary spastic paraplegia. This mini-review will describe the regulation of mitochondrial fission/fusion, the link between mitochondrial dynamics and axonal defects, and the recent progress on the role of mitochondrial dynamics in axonal defects of hereditary spastic paraplegia.

Gene expression profiles of human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells dynamically seeded on clinically available processed nerve allografts and collagen nerve guides

It was hypothesized that mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs) could provide necessary trophic factors when seeded onto the surfaces of commonly used nerve graft substitutes. We aimed to determine the gene expression of MSCs when influenced by Avance■ Nerve Grafts or Neura Gen■ Nerve Guides. Human adipose-derived MSCs were cultured and dynamically seeded onto 30 Avance■ Nerve Grafts and 30 Neura Gen■ Nerve Guides for 12 hours. At six time points after seeding, quantitative polymerase chain reaction analyses were performed for five samples per group. Neurotrophic [nerve growth factor(NGF), glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor(GDNF), pleiotrophin(PTN), growth associated protein 43(GAP43) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF)], myelination [peripheral myelin protein 22(PMP22) and myelin protein zero(MPZ)], angiogenic [platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule 1(PECAM1/CD31) and vascular endothelial cell growth factor alpha(VEGFA)], extracellular matrix(ECM) [collagen type alpha I(COL1A1), collagen type alpha III(COL3A1), Fibulin 1(FBLN1) and laminin subunit beta 2(LAMB2)] and cell surface marker cluster of differentiation 96(CD96) gene expression was quantified. Unseeded Avance■ Nerve Grafts and Neura Gen■ Nerve Guides were used to evaluate the baseline gene expression, and unseeded MSCs provided the baseline gene expression of MSCs. The interaction of MSCs with the Avance■ Nerve Grafts led to a short-term upregulation of neurotrophic(NGF, GDNF and BDNF), myelination(PMP22 and MPZ) and angiogenic genes(CD31 and VEGFA) and a long-term upregulation of BDNF, VEGFA and COL1A1. The interaction between MSCs and the Neura Gen■ Nerve Guide led to short term upregulation of neurotrophic(NGF, GDNF and BDNF) myelination(PMP22 and MPZ), angiogenic(CD31 and VEGFA), ECM(COL1A1) and cell surface(CD96) genes and long-term upregulation of neurotrophic(GDNF and BDNF), angiogenic(CD31 and VEGFA), ECM genes(COL1A1, COL3A1, and FBLN1) and cell surface(CD96) genes. Analysis demonstrated MSCs seeded onto Neura Gen■ Nerve Guides expressed significantly higher levels of neurotrophic(PTN), angiogenic(VEGFA) and ECM(COL3A1, FBLN1) genes in the long term period compared to MSCs seeded onto Avance■ Nerve Grafts. Overall, the interaction between human MSCs and both nerve graft substitutes resulted in a significant upregulation of the expression of numerous genes important for nerve regeneration over time. The in vitro interaction of MSCs with the Neura Gen■ Nerve Guide was more pronounced, particularly in the long term period(> 14 days after seeding). These results suggest that MSC-seeding has potential to be applied in a clinical setting, which needs to be confirmed in future in vitro and in vivo research.

论STEM教育的特点

STEM教育是综合了科学、技术、工程与数学的特点,将知识的获取、方法与工具的利用以及创新生产的过程有机统一,促进学生科学、技术、工程与教学综合素养形成的教育。它重视学校技术教育与工程教育。STEM教育具有综合性、动态性、回归性、实践性与丰富性等特点。

旋转细胞培养系统对老年人表皮干细胞增殖和干性维持的影响

背景:由于人口老龄化和老年疾病的增加,对老年人表皮干细胞的研究和利用变得越来越重要。但由于老年人表皮干细胞的增殖和干性能力较弱,限制了其在生物医学和临床研究的应用。目的:探讨旋转细胞培养系统培养的老年人表皮干细胞的增殖和干性维持能力。方法:采用传统平面培养方法获取儿童(7-12岁)和老年人(60岁以上)表皮干细胞,经细胞形态学和细胞免疫荧光鉴定后,通过流式细胞术、CCK-8、细胞克隆形成实验分析儿童和老年人表皮干细胞增殖能力的差异;采用旋转细胞培养系统和3D TableTrix®微载体培养儿童和老年人表皮干细胞,通过活/死染色、细胞倍增效率、细胞倍增时间以及实时定量聚合酶链反应检测细胞增殖情况以及干性标志物的表达。结果与结论:①在平面培养条件下,儿童组表皮干细胞较老年组具有更强的增殖能力;②与平面培养相比,经旋转细胞培养系统动态培养的老年人表皮干细胞的细胞倍增效率更高(P<0.01),细胞倍增时间更短(P<0.01);③旋转细胞培养系统动态培养促使老年人表皮干细胞自组装形成基于微载体支架的三维细胞球,具有和儿童组表皮干细胞相似的增殖情况;④动态培养后的老年人表皮干细胞在干性标记物基因(ITGA6和ITGB1)、基底细胞标记物基因(K5)和分化标记物基因(K10和K1)表达上可达到和儿童组相近的表达水平。结果表明:旋转细胞培养系统动态培养不仅可以提高老年人表皮干细胞的培养效率,促进细胞增殖和自组装成三维细胞球,而且可维持老年人表皮干细胞一定的干性,未发生完全终末分化。

Changes in expression and secretion patterns of fibroblast growth factor 8 and Sonic Hedgehog signaling pathway molecules during murine neural stem/progenitor cell differentiation in vitro

In the present study, we investigated the dynamic expression of fibroblast growth factor 8 and Sonic Hedgehog signaling pathway related factors in the process of in vitro hippocampal neural stem/progenitor cell differentiation from embryonic Sprague-Dawley rats or embryonic Kunming species mice, using fluorescent quantitative reverse transcription-PCR and western blot analyses. Results demonstrated that the dynamic expression of fibroblast growth factor 8 was similar to fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 expression but not to other fibroblast growth factor receptors. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay demonstrated that fibroblast growth factor 8 and Sonic Hedgehog signaling pathway protein factors were secreted by neural cells into the intercellular niche. Our experimental findings indicate that fibroblast growth factor 8 and Sonic Hedgehog expression may be related to the differentiation of neural stem/progenitor cells.

Dynamic culture of a thermosensitive collagen hydrogel as an extracellular matrix improves the construction of tissue-engineered peripheral nerve

Tissue engineering technologies offer new treatment strategies for the repair of peripheral nerve injury, hut cell loss between seeding and adhesion to the scaffold remains inevitable. A thermosensitive collagen hydrogel was used as an extracellular matrix in this study and combined with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells to construct tissue-engineered peripheral nerve composites in vitro. Dynamic culture was performed at an oscillating frequency of 0.5 Hz and 35° swing angle above and below the horizontal plane. The results demonstrated that bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells formed membrane-like structures around the poly-L-lactic acid scaffolds and exhibited regular alignment on the composite surface. Collagen was used to fill in the pores, and seeded cells adhered onto the poly-L-lactic acid fibers. The DNA content of the bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells was higher in the composites constructed with a thermosensitive collagen hydrogel compared with that in collagen I scaffold controls. The cellular DNA content was also higher in the thermosensitive collagen hydrogel composites constructed with the thermosensitive collagen hydrogel in dynamic culture than that in static culture. These results indicate that tissue-engineered composites formed with thermosensitive collagen hydrogel in dynamic culture can maintain larger numbers of seeded cells by avoiding cell loss during the initial adhe-sion stage. Moreover, seeded cells were distributed throughout the material.

Research on Adsorption Characteristics of the Helianthus tuberosus Stem s to M ethylene Blue in Water

[Objective] The research aimed to study the adsorption characteristics of the Helianthus tuberosus stems to methylene blue in water. [Method] The optimum condition, adsorption thermodynamic and kinetic characteristics were studied on the methylene blue adsorbed by Helianthus tuberosus stems. [ Result] The equilibrium process was described well by the Langmuir isotherm model. The thermodynamics parameters were enthalpy changes （△H） of -12.147 kJ/mol, Gibb＇S free energy changes （△G） of -25.75 k J/reel, and entropy changes （△S） of 47.21 J/（mol · K）, respectively, at 288 K, indicating that the adsorption thermodynamic of methylene blue adsorbed by helianthus tuberoses stems was a spontaneous and exothermic process. The kinetics of the interactions showed better agreement with the Lagergren second order kinetics. The apparent activation energy （Ea） of adsorption process was 271.7 kJ/mol. [ Conclusion] This study provided the theoretical basis for the development and utilization of low-cost agricultural wastes to remove the hazardous substances in industrial wastewater.

A High-Performance Cellular Automaton Model of Tumor Growth with Dynamically Growing Domains

Tumor growth from a single transformed cancer cell up to a clinically apparent mass spans many spatial and temporal orders of magnitude. Implementation of cellular automata simulations of such tumor growth can be straightforward but computing performance often counterbalances simplicity. Computationally convenient simulation times can be achieved by choosing appropriate data structures, memory and cell handling as well as domain setup. We propose a cellular automaton model of tumor growth with a domain that expands dynamically as the tumor population increases. We discuss memory access, data structures and implementation techniques that yield high-performance multi-scale Monte Carlo simulations of tumor growth. We discuss tumor properties that favor the proposed high-performance design and present simulation results of the tumor growth model. We estimate to which parameters the model is the most sensitive, and show that tumor volume depends on a number of parameters in a non-monotonic manner.

Mesenchymal stem cells and collagen patches for anterior cruciate ligament repair

AIM: To investigate collagen patches seeded with mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs) and/or tenocytes(TCs) with regards to their suitability for anterior cruciate ligament(ACL) repair. METHODS: Dynamic intraligamentary stabilization utilizes a dynamic screw system to keep ACL remnants in place and promote biological healing, supplemented by collagen patches. How these scaffolds interact with cells and what type of benefit they provide has not yet been investigated in detail. Primary ACL-derived TCs and human bone marrow derived MSCs were seeded onto two different types of 3D collagen scaffolds, Chondro-Gide?(CG) and Novocart?(NC). Cells were seeded onto the scaffolds and cultured for 7 d either as a pure populations or as "premix" containing a 1:1 ratio of TCs to MSCs. Additionally, as controls, cells were seeded in monolayers and in co-cultures on both sides of porous high-density membrane inserts(0.4 μm). We analyzed the patches by real time polymerase chain reaction, glycosaminoglycan(GAG), DNA and hydroxyproline(HYP) content. To determine cell spreading and adherence in the scaffolds microscopic imaging techniques, i.e., confocal laser scanning microscopy(c LSM) and scanning electron microscopy(SEM), were applied.RESULTS: CLSM and SEM imaging analysis confirmed cell adherence onto scaffolds. The metabolic cell activity revealed that patches promote adherence and proliferation of cells. The most dramatic increase in absolute metabolic cell activity was measured for CG samples seeded with tenocytes or a 1:1 cell premix. Analysis of DNA content and c LSM imaging also indicated MSCs were not proliferating as nicely as tenocytes on CG. The HYP to GAG ratio significantly changed for the premix group, resulting from a slightly lower GAG content, demonstrating that the cells are modifying the underlying matrix. Real-time quantitativepolymerase chain reaction data indicated that MSCs showed a trend of differentiation towards a more tenogenic-like phenotype after 7 d.CONCLUSION: CG and NC are both cyto-compatible with primary MSCs and TCs; TCs seemed to perform better on these collagen patches than MSCs.

水稻群体分蘖动态模型构建与应用

为定量分析水稻群体茎蘖数量动态变化过程及分蘖动态特征,该研究使用双Logistic模型分别描述分蘖发生与死亡过程,建立水稻群体分蘖动态模型;根据水稻分蘖过程的时序特征定义描述分蘖过程的特征指标,并推导出分蘖特征指标的计算式;基于不同基因型品种的种植方式、种植时期、种植密度下水稻分蘖动态数据集检验模型优度和适应性;并应用分蘖动态模型和指标探索分蘖动态对种植密度的响应规律。结果表明,所建模型对不同基因型水稻品种在不同种植方式、种植时期和种植密度下的分蘖动态数据拟合优度较好,标准均方根误差S_(RMSE)服从均值小于5%的Gamma分布,并且99%的S_(RMSE)小于10%。基于所建模型计算的分蘖特征指标(包括模型参数)对种植密度有很好的响应;留一法检验表明模型的预测性较好,观测值与模拟值的R^(2)=0.96。所建模型能够精确描述水稻茎蘖数量演变过程,具有很好的拟合优度、适应性和可解释性,可用于分析基因、环境、农艺措施对分蘖动态的影响,分蘖特征指标可望成为分析基因与环境互作的重要表型参数,对指导水稻精准栽培也有重要理论价值和实际意义。

基于动力吸振器的微耕机扶手架减振设计

微耕机的扶手架结构较为简单,在田间作业时会造成扶手架的强烈振动,长时间的强烈振动会给操作者身心带来不适甚至严重伤害,针对此问题,对微耕机扶手架进行了减振设计。对于结构相对简单的构件,振动问题大多是由于主振动系统自身结构阻尼的不足导致的。为此,结合微耕机实际情况,将动力吸振器的设计方法应用于微耕机扶手架上,对动力吸振器进行结构设计并试制样件。最后,对动力吸振器样件的减振效果进行试验测试,结果表明:在安装动力吸振器样件后,其手把处的振动强度在空挡和耕作状态下分别降低了13.9%和11.2%。

不同季秸秆还田对冬小麦不同穗粒位结实粒数和粒重的影响

为探讨安徽淮北平原砂姜黑土区长期秸秆连续全量还田对冬小麦穗部结实特性的影响,2021-2022年基于农业农村部华东地区作物栽培科学观测站13年的长期定位试验,比较分析了小麦单季秸秆全量粉碎覆盖还田(T1)、小麦玉米秸秆全量粉碎还田(T2)、玉米秸秆全量粉碎翻埋还田(T3)、小麦玉米秸秆全年不还田(CK)4个不同还田模式下小麦不同小穗位结实粒数及粒重的差异。结果表明,T1、T2、T3处理的主茎穗小穗结实总粒数较CK分别提高了21.21%、7.50%和12.55%;第2粒位(G2)结实粒数分别提高了7.71%、7.71%和5.79%;上部小穗结实粒数分别提高了51.41%、22.79%和31.36%,其G2结实粒数分别提高了30.95%、30.95%和23.09%,其中T1处理对小麦粒数的提升效果最好。不同季秸秆还田处理下小麦主茎穗及其G2粒重、分蘖穗及其第三粒位(G3)粒重均高于CK,T1、T2和T3处理的主茎穗粒重增幅分别为16.06%、4.14%和16.06%,分蘖穗增幅分别为9.86%、0.71%和8.87%;T1、T2和T3处理下主茎穗G2粒重增幅分别为20.69%、10.34%和17.24%,分蘖穗G3粒重4.55%、2.27%和6.82%,其中T1处理对粒重提升效果最好,其次是T3。综合来看,在安徽淮北平原砂姜黑土区长期秸秆还田能够提高小麦穗粒数和粒重,进而促进产量提升,其中T1处理对小麦结实粒数和粒重的提升效果最好,是适宜在该地区推广的秸秆还田模式。

不同种植密度与施肥量对青稞分蘖动态及群体结构的影响

为探究施肥量和种植密度互作对青稞分蘖变化、群体结构及产量的影响,以‘昆仑14号’为供试材料,于大田条件下设置不施肥(FC1)、少量施肥(FC2:尿素37.5 kg·hm^(-2)、磷酸二铵75 kg·hm^(-2))、适量施肥(FC3:尿素75 kg·hm^(-2)、磷酸二铵150.0 kg·hm^(-2))和过量施肥(FC4:尿素150.0 kg·hm^(-2)、磷酸二铵300 kg·hm^(-2))4个施肥处理和低密度(LD:播量225 kg·hm^(-2))、中密度(MD:播量262.5 kg·hm^(-2))和高密度(HD:播量300 kg·hm^(-2))3个播种密度处理。结果表明,随着生育期的推进,单株分蘖数随施肥量和播种密度的增加表现为先增加后降低的趋势,且在FC3施肥处理下,青稞分蘖效果最好,在MD播种密度下,FC2处理下的分蘖成穗率最高,为84.69%。与不施肥处理相比,3个肥密互作下的青稞产量增产率分别为4.22%~14.68%、5.17%~8.72%、7.45%~10.21%,穗数、有效穗数、穗粒质量和千粒质量均随施肥量和播种量的增加呈先增加后降低的趋势。根据产量相关性分析可知,施肥量与有效穗数、穗粒质量呈极显著相关,播种密度与穗数呈极显著相关,肥密互作对穗数呈极显著相关,与株高、千粒质量呈显著相关,有效穗数与ZT/IAA的比值呈显著相关。在本试验条件下,FC3和LD组合是实现青稞促蘖增穗、高产、节本增效的合理肥密运筹方式。

基于SPH-FEM的油菜茎秆磨粒气体射流切割仿真与试验

针对传统油菜收获切割刀具振动大、茎秆缠绕磨损及效率低等问题,该研究提出一种油菜茎秆磨粒气体射流切割技术,以实现作业机具与油菜无接触式切割和高效低耗收获。采用光滑粒子流体力学与有限元(smooth particle hydrodynamic-finite element method,SPH-FEM)耦合仿真对油菜茎秆射流动态切割过程进行分析,揭示气-固间能量传递规律,获取射流切割动态特性,并搭建试验系统进行射流切割试验验证。研究结果表明,采用4 mm孔径高速喷嘴,射流压力为20 MPa时气流及磨粒最高速度分别为741和411 m/s,约95%加速过程发生在喉管段与扩张段;喷嘴外流场流速呈现先下降后上升的变化规律,射流压力越大速度变化越剧烈;射流束主要通过气体膨胀-收缩-膨胀的加速过程将压力能转化为射流束动能;入口压力从3 MPa增加至10 MPa时,磨粒最大速度提升率从31%下降至11%。当压力超过3 MPa后,随射流压力提高,射流束压力能-动能转换效率显著减小;在相同条件下0.1 mm粒径磨粒的最大速度比0.3 mm粒径磨粒大19%;粒径越大磨粒获得的切割动能越大,0.3 mm粒径磨粒切割动能最大,其次为0.2与0.1 mm粒径磨粒;磨粒速度在120 m/s时可以实现茎杆有效切割,对应射流压力约为0.4 MPa;横移速度为5 mm/s、靶距在10 mm以内可一次切断茎秆,横移速度超过5 mm/s时无法一次切断茎秆;靶距5 mm、横移速度5 mm/s时,可获得最小切割侵蚀体积,切口宽度在1~6 mm之间;射流切割能力主要受横移切割速度影响,切割靶距影响相对较小;茎秆切割效果主要受靶距影响,横移速度影响相对较小。研究成果还可用于其他类似作物茎秆的切割,可为农业非接触式高效切割技术装备的开发提供理论与技术支撑。

三维动静态培养软骨源性微组织的细胞行为及软骨形成能力

背景:与传统二维培养相比,三维培养软骨微组织具有更大的优势,但仍需进一步探索更有利的三维培养方式。目的:评价2种三维培养方式下微组织的细胞行为及促软骨形成能力。方法:通过化学脱细胞方法和组织粉碎方法制备软骨源性微载体,采用DNA定量和核染色验证脱细胞是否成功,通过组织学染色观察脱细胞前后基质保留情况,采用扫描电子显微镜和CCK-8方法对微载体进行表征;通过三维静态培养法和三维动态培养法将软骨源性微载体与人脂肪间充质干细胞结合构建软骨源性微组织,利用扫描电子显微镜、活死染色、RT-qPCR等手段检测两组微组织的细胞活力及成软骨能力。结果与结论:①成功制备软骨源性微载体,与脱细胞前相比,脱细胞后DNA含量显著降低(P<0.001);扫描电子显微镜观察微载体表面有胶原包绕,保持天然软骨细胞外基质特征;CCK-8法检测表明微载体无细胞毒性且能够促进细胞增殖;②扫描电子显微镜及活死染色结果显示,相比三维静态组,三维动态组微组织细胞具有更舒展的形态,细胞与细胞间、细胞与基质间、基质与基质间形成广泛的连接;③RT-qPCR结果表明两组微组织SOX9、蛋白聚糖、Ⅱ型胶原表达在培养7 d或14 d时均增高;14 d时三维动态组各基因相对表达量均显著高于三维静态组(P<0.05);21 d时三维静态组各基因表达均显著高于三维动态组(P<0.001);④结果表明,与三维静态培养微组织相比,三维动态培养微组织可在更短时间实现软骨相关基因的高表达,显示出更好的细胞活性和成软骨能力。

基于废弃茄科植物的纳米铁/生物炭制备及其对含铬(Ⅵ)废水的吸附净化研究

利用农业废弃物烟梗为原料,选用两种改性方法制备改性生物炭,对比前体混合法和共沉淀法制备的生物炭对铬的吸附效果。利用SEM、EDS、FT-IR、BET、XRD、TEM对生物炭进行表征。探究反应pH、反应时间、Cr(Ⅵ)初始浓度、生物炭添加量等单因素对生物炭吸附效果的影响,同时利用动力学模型和等温吸附模型等拟合参数。结果表明:pH=2时,生物炭对Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附效果最好,反应时间为4 h时对Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附接近饱和,Cr(Ⅵ)初始浓度越低吸附效果越好,生物炭添加量在0.1 g时吸附效果接近饱和更利于节约成本。Fe_(2)SO_(4)改性的生物炭对Cr(Ⅵ)的去除率高达97%,吸附过程更接近准二级动力学模型和Langmuir模型,吸附理论值也更接近实际值。