a new triterpene compound was isolated from the stems and leaves of Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer and established as 3β, 6α, 12β-trihydroxy-dammar-20(21), 24-diene-6-0-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2)-β-D-glucopyranoside o...a new triterpene compound was isolated from the stems and leaves of Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer and established as 3β, 6α, 12β-trihydroxy-dammar-20(21), 24-diene-6-0-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2)-β-D-glucopyranoside on the basis of spectral analysis and chemical evidence.展开更多
Four new dammarane-type triterpenoid saponins,namely notoginsenosides SFt1-SFt4(1-4)were isolated from the steamed leaves of Panax notoginseng(Burk.)F.H.Chen(Araliaceae),together with 17 known saponins.Their structure...Four new dammarane-type triterpenoid saponins,namely notoginsenosides SFt1-SFt4(1-4)were isolated from the steamed leaves of Panax notoginseng(Burk.)F.H.Chen(Araliaceae),together with 17 known saponins.Their structures were established on the basis of detailed spectroscopic analyses and acidic hydrolysis.The known ginsenosides Rk2 and Rh3 were obtained from P.notoginseng for the first time.All of these new saponins showed no in vitro cytotoxicity against five human cancer cell lines(HL-60,SMMC-7712,A-549,MCF-7,and SW480).展开更多
BACKGROUND： Dopaminergic neurons differentiated from neural stem cells have been successfully used in the treatment of rat models of Parkinson＇s disease; however, the survival rate of transplanted cells has been low...BACKGROUND： Dopaminergic neurons differentiated from neural stem cells have been successfully used in the treatment of rat models of Parkinson＇s disease; however, the survival rate of transplanted cells has been low. Most cells die by apoptosis as a result of overloaded intracellular calcium and the formation of oxygen free radicals. OBJECTIVE： To observe whether survival of transplanted cells, transplantation efficacy, and dopaminergic differentiation from neural stem cells is altered by Panax notoginseng saponins （PNS） in a rat model of Parkinson＇s disease. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING： Cellular and molecular biology experiments with randomized group design. The experiment was performed at the Animal Experimental Center, First Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University from April to October 2007. MATERIALS： Thirty-two adult, healthy, male Sprague Dawley rats, and four healthy Sprague Dawley rat embryos at gestational days 14-15 were selected. The right ventral mesencephalon was injected with 6-hydroxydopamine to establish a model of Parkinson＇s disease. 6-hydroxydopamine and apomorphine were purchased from Sigma, USA. METHODS： Neural stem cells derived from the mesencephalon of embryonic rats were cultivated and passaged in serum-free culture medium. Lesioned animals were randomly divided into four groups （n = 8）： dopaminergic neuron, dopaminergic neuron ＋ PNS, PNS, and control. The dopaminergic neuron group was injected with 3 μL cell suspension containing dopaminergic neurons differentiated from neural stem cells. The dopaminergic neurons ＋ PNS group received 3 μ L dopaminergic cell suspension combined with PNS （250 mg/L）. The PNS group received 3 μL PNS （250 mg/L）, and the control group received 3 μL DMEM/F12 culture medium. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： The rats were transcardially perfused with 4% paraformaldehyde at 60 days post-grafting for immunohistochemistry. The rats were intraperitoneally injected with apomorphine （0.5 mg/kg） to induce rotational behavior. RESULTS： Cell counts of tyrosine hydroxylase-positive neurons in the dopaminergic neuron ＋ PNS group were （732±82.6） cells/400-fold field. This was significantly greater than the dopaminergic neuron group [（326 ± 34.8） cells/400-fold field, P 〈 0.01]. Compared to the control group, the rotational asymmetry of rats that received dopaminergic neuron transplants was significantly decreased, beginning at 20 days after operation （P 〈 0.01）. Rotational asymmetry was further reduced between 10-60 days post-surgery in the dopaminergic neuron ＋ PNS group, compared to the dopaminergic neuron group （P 〈 0.01）. CONCLUSION： Panax notoginseng saponins can increase survival and effectiveness of dopaminergic neurons differentiated from neural stem cells for transplantation in a rat model of Parkinson＇s disease.展开更多
A novel dammarane-type triterpene oligoglycoside, named ginsenoside-Rg6 3, was isolated from the stem-leaves of Panax ginseng C. A. Mey., together with two known ones, 20(S)-ginsenoside-Rg2 1 and 20(R)-ginsenoside-Rg2...A novel dammarane-type triterpene oligoglycoside, named ginsenoside-Rg6 3, was isolated from the stem-leaves of Panax ginseng C. A. Mey., together with two known ones, 20(S)-ginsenoside-Rg2 1 and 20(R)-ginsenoside-Rg2 2. On the basis of chemical and physicochemical evidence , the structure of ginsenoside-Rg6 have been elucidated as 6-O-(-L-rhamnosyl-(1?2)-(-D-glucopyranosyl-dammarane-(E)-20(22), 24-diene-3(, 6(, 12(-triol.展开更多
本研究从性状、pH、相对密度、装量差异、微生物限度、鉴别、含量测定等方面对三七茎叶皂苷口服液(Oral liquid of saponins of stems and leaves of Panax notoginseng,LSPN)进行质量控制研究。利用薄层色谱(thin layer chromatography...本研究从性状、pH、相对密度、装量差异、微生物限度、鉴别、含量测定等方面对三七茎叶皂苷口服液(Oral liquid of saponins of stems and leaves of Panax notoginseng,LSPN)进行质量控制研究。利用薄层色谱(thin layer chromatography,TLC)法,鉴定其主要成分;利用高效液相色谱-蒸发光散射(high-performance liquid chromatography with evaporative light scattering detector,HPLC-ELSD)法,建立LSPN中人参皂苷Rb1和Rb3含量的同步分析方法。HPLC-ELSD的色谱条件:色谱柱为GL,InertSustain C18柱(5μm,250×4.6 mm Column);流动相为乙腈(A)-水(B),采用梯度洗脱;进样量:10 L;人参皂苷Rb1和Rb3保留时间分别为13.264 min和15.415 min。ELSD运行参数:氮气流速为1.64 slpm,气化温度为48℃,蒸发温度为80℃。结果表明,LSPN为黄绿色的澄清液体,味苦,pH、相对密度和微生物限度均符合标准要求。人参皂苷Rb1和Rb3的检出限(limit of detection,LOD)均为10 g/mL,定量限(limit of quantitation,LOQ)均为20 g/mL,均在20~500 g/mL内线性关系良好;回归方程分别为Y=1.58X+1.72(r=0.999904)和Y=1.60X+1.64(r=0.999628)。人参皂苷Rb1和Rb3的平均加样回收率分别为101.25%和100.42%,RSD分别为2.71%和1.12%。该法准确,精密度、重现性好,可用于LSPN中人参皂苷Rb1和Rb3的含量测定。展开更多
After cerebral ischemia, bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells are mobilized and travel from the bone marrow through peripheral circulation to the focal point of ischemia to initiate tissue regeneration. However, the num...After cerebral ischemia, bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells are mobilized and travel from the bone marrow through peripheral circulation to the focal point of ischemia to initiate tissue regeneration. However, the number of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells mobilized into peripheral circulation is not enough to exert therapeutic effects, and the method by which blood circulation is promoted to remove blood stasis influences stem cell homing. The main ingredient of Xuesaitong capsules is Panax notoginseng saponins, and Xuesaitong is one of the main drugs used for promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis. We established rat models of cerebral infarction by occlusion of the middle cerebral artery and then intragastrically administered Xuesaitong capsules（20, 40 and 60 mg/kg per day） for 28 successive days. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay showed that in rats with cerebral infarction, middle- and high-dose Xuesaitong significantly increased the level of stem cell factors and the number of CD117-positive cells in plasma and bone marrow and significantly decreased the number of CD54-and CD106-positive cells in plasma and bone marrow. The effect of low-dose Xuesaitong on these factors was not obvious. These findings demonstrate that middle- and high-dose Xuesaitong and hence Panax notoginseng saponins promote and increase the level and mobilization of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in peripheral blood.展开更多
Objective To prepare an active anti-tumor component,compound K(C-K),from saponins in leaves of Panax notoginseng(SLPN) using immobilized β-glucanase.Methods Two entrapments,alginate gel-1(Alg 1) and alginate gel-2(Al...Objective To prepare an active anti-tumor component,compound K(C-K),from saponins in leaves of Panax notoginseng(SLPN) using immobilized β-glucanase.Methods Two entrapments,alginate gel-1(Alg 1) and alginate gel-2(Alg 2),were evaluated for their ability to immobilize β-glucanase.The amount and purity of C-K obtained from the transformation process were analyzed by HPLC,and the immobilizing parameters were optimized.Results β-Glucanase can be immobilized and reused with either of the entrapment.However,using Alg 1 resulted in higher enzyme activity than Alg 2.The optimal concentration of the immobilized enzyme was 10%;The optimal crosslinking time was 4–6 h;and the optimal concentration of the crosslinking agent was 6%– 7%.Conclusion Immobilized β-glucanase shows sustained enzyme activity,good ethanol tolerance,and was reusable for the preparation of C-K from SLPN.展开更多
针对利用离散元法进行三七联合收获、茎秆杀秧等关键作业过程仿真分析时,三七茎秆本征参数、三七茎秆及作业装备间接触参数缺乏问题,以三七茎秆为对象,利用EDEM软件建立三七茎秆离散元Hertz-Mindlin/Hertz-Mindlin with bonding模型,通...针对利用离散元法进行三七联合收获、茎秆杀秧等关键作业过程仿真分析时,三七茎秆本征参数、三七茎秆及作业装备间接触参数缺乏问题,以三七茎秆为对象,利用EDEM软件建立三七茎秆离散元Hertz-Mindlin/Hertz-Mindlin with bonding模型,通过堆积角试验和虚拟仿真试验对三七茎秆离散元参数进行标定,并建立三七茎秆杀秧装置模型。通过力学特性试验确定三七茎秆本征参数;采用圆筒提升法进行三七茎秆堆积角试验,使用Origin软件对堆积角图像进行轮廓拟合得到三七茎秆堆积角为44.53°;设计Placktt-Burman试验、最陡爬坡试验和Central-Composite试验确定三七茎秆及作业装备间接触参数,并利用堆积角试验和剪切试验验证模型的可靠性。结果表明:三七茎秆与作业装备间碰撞恢复系数、静摩擦因数、滚动摩擦因数分别为0.319、0.25、0.029;三七茎秆间的碰撞恢复系数、静摩擦因数、滚动摩擦因数最优值分别为0.4、0.29、0.032;Hertz-Mindlin with bonding模型法向刚度Kn为3.26×10^(8)N/m^(3)、切向刚度Ks为2.17×10^(8)N/m^(3)、法向临界应力σ为2.27 MPa、切向临界应力γ为9.65 MPa、粘结半径Rd为0.1 mm;堆积角验证试验中相对误差为0.29%;剪切验证试验中相对误差为1.52%,误差较小。三七茎秆离散元模型与实际情况基本一致,三七茎秆模型和标定离散元仿真参数可靠,可为三七茎秆离散元仿真研究提供参考。展开更多
为选择较好的三七叶干燥方式,分别采用热风干燥、热泵干燥、真空干燥3种方式对三七叶进行干燥,测定不同干燥方式下三七叶的总皂苷、多糖、总酚和总黄酮含量以及单体皂苷含量,评估其体外抗氧化和α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制能力,采用气相色谱-离...为选择较好的三七叶干燥方式,分别采用热风干燥、热泵干燥、真空干燥3种方式对三七叶进行干燥,测定不同干燥方式下三七叶的总皂苷、多糖、总酚和总黄酮含量以及单体皂苷含量,评估其体外抗氧化和α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制能力,采用气相色谱-离子迁移谱联用技术鉴定其挥发性成分,并采用非靶向代谢组学技术分析其代谢物变化。结果表明:3种干燥方式均可明显提高三七叶的总皂苷和多糖含量,降低其总酚和总黄酮含量,但均不同程度地减弱了其功能活性;其中热泵干燥组的总皂苷和多糖含量最高,并具有最强的1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼自由基清除能力和α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制能力,以及较强的2,2’-联氮-双-3-乙基苯并噻唑啉-6-磺酸阳离子自由基清除能力和铁还原能力;高效液相色谱分析发现热泵干燥显著降低了三七叶中三七皂苷Fc、Fe的含量,而真空干燥组与之相反;从三七叶中共检测出85种挥发性成分,其中热泵干燥组的醇类和醛类化合物相对含量最高,而酮类化合物相对含量最低,且不同处理组之间有明显区别;采用超高效液相色谱-四极杆-轨道阱质谱联用技术从热泵干燥前后的三七叶中鉴定出659种代谢物,其中有113种和68种代谢物分别在正、负离子模式下表达显著上调,98种和31种代谢物分别在正、负离子模式下表达显著下调,主要包括脂质和类脂分子、有机杂环化合物、有机酸及其衍生物等。针对三七叶中24种皂苷类代谢物进行进一步分析,发现其中7种相对含量显著降低、1种相对含量显著升高,这也印证了高效液相色谱的测定结果;对差异代谢物进行京都基因与基因组百科全书(Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes,KEGG)富集分析,发现新鲜三七叶在热泵干燥过程中最可能存在的代谢通路有氨基酸的生物合成、2-氧羧酸代谢及辅助因子的生物合成。综上,热泵干燥对三七叶的化学成分和功能活性具有最好的保持效果,较适合用于三七叶的干燥,其可通过多个作用途径改变三七叶的代谢物组成,并影响其挥发性成分含量。展开更多
文摘a new triterpene compound was isolated from the stems and leaves of Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer and established as 3β, 6α, 12β-trihydroxy-dammar-20(21), 24-diene-6-0-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2)-β-D-glucopyranoside on the basis of spectral analysis and chemical evidence.
基金This work was supported by the 973 Program of Ministry of Science and Technology of China(2011CB915503).
文摘Four new dammarane-type triterpenoid saponins,namely notoginsenosides SFt1-SFt4(1-4)were isolated from the steamed leaves of Panax notoginseng(Burk.)F.H.Chen(Araliaceae),together with 17 known saponins.Their structures were established on the basis of detailed spectroscopic analyses and acidic hydrolysis.The known ginsenosides Rk2 and Rh3 were obtained from P.notoginseng for the first time.All of these new saponins showed no in vitro cytotoxicity against five human cancer cell lines(HL-60,SMMC-7712,A-549,MCF-7,and SW480).
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China, No.30300115
文摘BACKGROUND： Dopaminergic neurons differentiated from neural stem cells have been successfully used in the treatment of rat models of Parkinson＇s disease; however, the survival rate of transplanted cells has been low. Most cells die by apoptosis as a result of overloaded intracellular calcium and the formation of oxygen free radicals. OBJECTIVE： To observe whether survival of transplanted cells, transplantation efficacy, and dopaminergic differentiation from neural stem cells is altered by Panax notoginseng saponins （PNS） in a rat model of Parkinson＇s disease. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING： Cellular and molecular biology experiments with randomized group design. The experiment was performed at the Animal Experimental Center, First Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University from April to October 2007. MATERIALS： Thirty-two adult, healthy, male Sprague Dawley rats, and four healthy Sprague Dawley rat embryos at gestational days 14-15 were selected. The right ventral mesencephalon was injected with 6-hydroxydopamine to establish a model of Parkinson＇s disease. 6-hydroxydopamine and apomorphine were purchased from Sigma, USA. METHODS： Neural stem cells derived from the mesencephalon of embryonic rats were cultivated and passaged in serum-free culture medium. Lesioned animals were randomly divided into four groups （n = 8）： dopaminergic neuron, dopaminergic neuron ＋ PNS, PNS, and control. The dopaminergic neuron group was injected with 3 μL cell suspension containing dopaminergic neurons differentiated from neural stem cells. The dopaminergic neurons ＋ PNS group received 3 μ L dopaminergic cell suspension combined with PNS （250 mg/L）. The PNS group received 3 μL PNS （250 mg/L）, and the control group received 3 μL DMEM/F12 culture medium. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： The rats were transcardially perfused with 4% paraformaldehyde at 60 days post-grafting for immunohistochemistry. The rats were intraperitoneally injected with apomorphine （0.5 mg/kg） to induce rotational behavior. RESULTS： Cell counts of tyrosine hydroxylase-positive neurons in the dopaminergic neuron ＋ PNS group were （732±82.6） cells/400-fold field. This was significantly greater than the dopaminergic neuron group [（326 ± 34.8） cells/400-fold field, P 〈 0.01]. Compared to the control group, the rotational asymmetry of rats that received dopaminergic neuron transplants was significantly decreased, beginning at 20 days after operation （P 〈 0.01）. Rotational asymmetry was further reduced between 10-60 days post-surgery in the dopaminergic neuron ＋ PNS group, compared to the dopaminergic neuron group （P 〈 0.01）. CONCLUSION： Panax notoginseng saponins can increase survival and effectiveness of dopaminergic neurons differentiated from neural stem cells for transplantation in a rat model of Parkinson＇s disease.
基金The Ninth 5-year Plan" Key Science and Technique R & D Programme Foundation of China (96-901-01-12A).
文摘A novel dammarane-type triterpene oligoglycoside, named ginsenoside-Rg6 3, was isolated from the stem-leaves of Panax ginseng C. A. Mey., together with two known ones, 20(S)-ginsenoside-Rg2 1 and 20(R)-ginsenoside-Rg2 2. On the basis of chemical and physicochemical evidence , the structure of ginsenoside-Rg6 have been elucidated as 6-O-(-L-rhamnosyl-(1?2)-(-D-glucopyranosyl-dammarane-(E)-20(22), 24-diene-3(, 6(, 12(-triol.
文摘本研究从性状、pH、相对密度、装量差异、微生物限度、鉴别、含量测定等方面对三七茎叶皂苷口服液(Oral liquid of saponins of stems and leaves of Panax notoginseng,LSPN)进行质量控制研究。利用薄层色谱(thin layer chromatography,TLC)法,鉴定其主要成分;利用高效液相色谱-蒸发光散射(high-performance liquid chromatography with evaporative light scattering detector,HPLC-ELSD)法,建立LSPN中人参皂苷Rb1和Rb3含量的同步分析方法。HPLC-ELSD的色谱条件:色谱柱为GL,InertSustain C18柱(5μm,250×4.6 mm Column);流动相为乙腈(A)-水(B),采用梯度洗脱;进样量:10 L;人参皂苷Rb1和Rb3保留时间分别为13.264 min和15.415 min。ELSD运行参数:氮气流速为1.64 slpm,气化温度为48℃,蒸发温度为80℃。结果表明,LSPN为黄绿色的澄清液体,味苦,pH、相对密度和微生物限度均符合标准要求。人参皂苷Rb1和Rb3的检出限(limit of detection,LOD)均为10 g/mL,定量限(limit of quantitation,LOQ)均为20 g/mL,均在20~500 g/mL内线性关系良好;回归方程分别为Y=1.58X+1.72(r=0.999904)和Y=1.60X+1.64(r=0.999628)。人参皂苷Rb1和Rb3的平均加样回收率分别为101.25%和100.42%,RSD分别为2.71%和1.12%。该法准确,精密度、重现性好,可用于LSPN中人参皂苷Rb1和Rb3的含量测定。
基金financially supported by a grant from Henan Medical Science and Technology Innovative Talents Project in 2010,No.1041000510010
文摘After cerebral ischemia, bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells are mobilized and travel from the bone marrow through peripheral circulation to the focal point of ischemia to initiate tissue regeneration. However, the number of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells mobilized into peripheral circulation is not enough to exert therapeutic effects, and the method by which blood circulation is promoted to remove blood stasis influences stem cell homing. The main ingredient of Xuesaitong capsules is Panax notoginseng saponins, and Xuesaitong is one of the main drugs used for promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis. We established rat models of cerebral infarction by occlusion of the middle cerebral artery and then intragastrically administered Xuesaitong capsules（20, 40 and 60 mg/kg per day） for 28 successive days. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay showed that in rats with cerebral infarction, middle- and high-dose Xuesaitong significantly increased the level of stem cell factors and the number of CD117-positive cells in plasma and bone marrow and significantly decreased the number of CD54-and CD106-positive cells in plasma and bone marrow. The effect of low-dose Xuesaitong on these factors was not obvious. These findings demonstrate that middle- and high-dose Xuesaitong and hence Panax notoginseng saponins promote and increase the level and mobilization of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in peripheral blood.
基金ZHAO Yu-qing was supportive with a Liaoning Modernization TCM grant (LN403004),China
文摘Objective To prepare an active anti-tumor component,compound K(C-K),from saponins in leaves of Panax notoginseng(SLPN) using immobilized β-glucanase.Methods Two entrapments,alginate gel-1(Alg 1) and alginate gel-2(Alg 2),were evaluated for their ability to immobilize β-glucanase.The amount and purity of C-K obtained from the transformation process were analyzed by HPLC,and the immobilizing parameters were optimized.Results β-Glucanase can be immobilized and reused with either of the entrapment.However,using Alg 1 resulted in higher enzyme activity than Alg 2.The optimal concentration of the immobilized enzyme was 10%;The optimal crosslinking time was 4–6 h;and the optimal concentration of the crosslinking agent was 6%– 7%.Conclusion Immobilized β-glucanase shows sustained enzyme activity,good ethanol tolerance,and was reusable for the preparation of C-K from SLPN.
文摘针对利用离散元法进行三七联合收获、茎秆杀秧等关键作业过程仿真分析时,三七茎秆本征参数、三七茎秆及作业装备间接触参数缺乏问题,以三七茎秆为对象,利用EDEM软件建立三七茎秆离散元Hertz-Mindlin/Hertz-Mindlin with bonding模型,通过堆积角试验和虚拟仿真试验对三七茎秆离散元参数进行标定,并建立三七茎秆杀秧装置模型。通过力学特性试验确定三七茎秆本征参数;采用圆筒提升法进行三七茎秆堆积角试验,使用Origin软件对堆积角图像进行轮廓拟合得到三七茎秆堆积角为44.53°;设计Placktt-Burman试验、最陡爬坡试验和Central-Composite试验确定三七茎秆及作业装备间接触参数,并利用堆积角试验和剪切试验验证模型的可靠性。结果表明:三七茎秆与作业装备间碰撞恢复系数、静摩擦因数、滚动摩擦因数分别为0.319、0.25、0.029;三七茎秆间的碰撞恢复系数、静摩擦因数、滚动摩擦因数最优值分别为0.4、0.29、0.032;Hertz-Mindlin with bonding模型法向刚度Kn为3.26×10^(8)N/m^(3)、切向刚度Ks为2.17×10^(8)N/m^(3)、法向临界应力σ为2.27 MPa、切向临界应力γ为9.65 MPa、粘结半径Rd为0.1 mm;堆积角验证试验中相对误差为0.29%;剪切验证试验中相对误差为1.52%,误差较小。三七茎秆离散元模型与实际情况基本一致,三七茎秆模型和标定离散元仿真参数可靠,可为三七茎秆离散元仿真研究提供参考。
文摘为选择较好的三七叶干燥方式,分别采用热风干燥、热泵干燥、真空干燥3种方式对三七叶进行干燥,测定不同干燥方式下三七叶的总皂苷、多糖、总酚和总黄酮含量以及单体皂苷含量,评估其体外抗氧化和α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制能力,采用气相色谱-离子迁移谱联用技术鉴定其挥发性成分,并采用非靶向代谢组学技术分析其代谢物变化。结果表明:3种干燥方式均可明显提高三七叶的总皂苷和多糖含量,降低其总酚和总黄酮含量,但均不同程度地减弱了其功能活性;其中热泵干燥组的总皂苷和多糖含量最高,并具有最强的1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼自由基清除能力和α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制能力,以及较强的2,2’-联氮-双-3-乙基苯并噻唑啉-6-磺酸阳离子自由基清除能力和铁还原能力;高效液相色谱分析发现热泵干燥显著降低了三七叶中三七皂苷Fc、Fe的含量,而真空干燥组与之相反;从三七叶中共检测出85种挥发性成分,其中热泵干燥组的醇类和醛类化合物相对含量最高,而酮类化合物相对含量最低,且不同处理组之间有明显区别;采用超高效液相色谱-四极杆-轨道阱质谱联用技术从热泵干燥前后的三七叶中鉴定出659种代谢物,其中有113种和68种代谢物分别在正、负离子模式下表达显著上调,98种和31种代谢物分别在正、负离子模式下表达显著下调,主要包括脂质和类脂分子、有机杂环化合物、有机酸及其衍生物等。针对三七叶中24种皂苷类代谢物进行进一步分析,发现其中7种相对含量显著降低、1种相对含量显著升高,这也印证了高效液相色谱的测定结果;对差异代谢物进行京都基因与基因组百科全书(Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes,KEGG)富集分析,发现新鲜三七叶在热泵干燥过程中最可能存在的代谢通路有氨基酸的生物合成、2-氧羧酸代谢及辅助因子的生物合成。综上,热泵干燥对三七叶的化学成分和功能活性具有最好的保持效果,较适合用于三七叶的干燥,其可通过多个作用途径改变三七叶的代谢物组成,并影响其挥发性成分含量。
