Structure optimal design research on backfill hydraulic support

Backfill hydraulic support is the key equipment in achieving coal mining and solid backfilling simultaneously in solid backfill mining technology.Based on the summary and analysis of main types,basic structural properties and filed application of backfill hydraulic support,this work has firstly proposed the basic principle of backfill hydraulic support optimization design and provided the method of optimal design of key structural components,like four-bar linkage,rear canopy and tamping structure;the method is further elaborated as changing hinging position of upper bar to optimize four-bar linkage,by lengthening or shortening the rear canopy to optimize length ratio of canopy;and by changing length and hinging position of tamping structure as well as suspension height of backfill scrape conveyor to realize optimization of tamping structure.On this basis,the process of optimal design of backfill hydraulic support is built.The optimal design case of ZC5200/14.5/30 six columns-four bar linkage used in 7203 W workface of Zhaizhen Coal Mine shows that the backfill properties like horizontal roof gap,vertical horizontal gap,tamping angle and tamping head gap are improved obviously through optimizing four-bar linkage,canopy length and tamping structure according to the optimal design method proposed in this work.

Hydraulic support crushed mechanism for the shallow seam mining face under the roadway pillars of room mining goaf

While the fully-mechanized longwall mining technology was employed in a shallow seam under a room mining goaf and overlained by thin bedrock and thick loose sands, the roadway pillars in the abandoned room mining goaf were in a stress-concentrated state, which may cause abnormal roof weighting, violent ground pressure behaviours, even roof fall and hydraulic support crushed(HSC) accidents. In this case,longwall mining safety and efficiency were seriously challenged. Based on the HSC accidents occurred during the longwall mining of 3-1-2 seam, which locates under the intersection zone of roadway pillars in the room mining goaf of 3-1-1 seam, this paper employed ground rock mechanics to analyse the overlying strata structure movement rules and presented the main influence factors and determination methods for the hydraulic support working resistance. The FLAC3 D software was used to simulate the overlying strata stress and plastic zone distribution characteristics. Field observation was implemented to contrastively analyse the hydraulic support working resistance distribution rules under the roadway pillars in strike direction, normal room mining goaf, roadway pillars in dip direction and intersection zone of roadway pillars. The results indicate that the key strata break along with rotations and reactions of the coal pillars deliver a larger concentrated load to the hydraulic support under intersection zone of roadway pillars than other conditions. The ‘‘overburden strata-key strata-roadway pillars-immediate roof" integrated load has exceeded the yield load that leads to HSC accidents. Findings in HSC mechanism provide a reasonable basis for shallow seam mining, and have important significance for the implementation of safe and efficient mining.

Nonlinear Static and Dynamic Stiffness Characteristics of Support Hydraulic System of TBM

Full-face hard rock tunnel boring machines(TBM)are essential equipment in highway and railway tunnel engineering construction.During the tunneling process,TBM have serious vibrations,which can damage some of its key components.The support system,an important part of TBM,is one path through which vibrational energy from the cutter head is transmitted.To reduce the vibration of support systems of TBM during the excavation process,based on the structural features of the support hydraulic system,a nonlinear dynamical model of support hydraulic systems of TBM is established.The influences of the component structure parameters and operating conditions parameters on the stiffness characteristics of the support hydraulic system are analyzed.The analysis results indicate that the static stiffness of the support hydraulic system consists of an increase stage,stable stage and decrease stage.The static stiffness value increases with an increase in the clearances.The pre-compression length of the spring in the relief valve a ects the range of the stable stage of the static stiffness,and it does not a ect the static stiffness value.The dynamic stiffness of the support hydraulic system consists of a U-shape and reverse U-shape.The bottom value of the U-shape increases with the amplitude and frequency of the external force acting on the cylinder body,however,the top value of the reverse U-shape remains constant.This study instructs how to design the support hydraulic system of TBM.

Dynamic impact experiment and response characteristics analysis for 1:2 reduced-scale model of hydraulic support

It is significant to research the impact resistance properties of hydraulic support due to its key support role in the fully mechanized mining face.However,it is difficult for the entire hydraulic support to implement the impact experiment underground and analyze the response characteristic.Therefore,a dynamic impact experiment for the entire hydraulic support was proposed in this paper,where a 1:2 reducedscale model of hydraulic support was designed and its response characteristics under dynamic impact load were analyzed.Firstly,a comprehensive monitoring scheme was proposed to achieve an effective monitoring for dynamic response of hydraulic support.Secondly,a multi-scale impact experiment was carried out for the entire hydraulic support and dynamic behaviors of hydraulic support under the multi-scale impact load were revealed by experimental data.Then a dynamic impact experiment of the entire hydraulic support was simulated in ADAMS with the same experiment conditions,and the experimental and simulation data were verified mutually.Finally,the characteristics of energy conversion and dissipation of the entire experiment system after impact were analyzed.The experiment results showed that the impact resistance properties of hydraulic support largely depended on the initial support conditions and different vertical rigidities affected energy distribution proportion of the entire support system.

VIRTUAL DESIGN OF A NEW TYPE OF HYDRAULIC SUPPORT

Using virtual reality to design a new type of hydraulic support is discussed.That is how to make use of the virtual design to develop coal mining machine in practice. Theadvantages of virtual design are studied and the simple virtual reality system is built. The 3Dparts and elements of hydraulic support are modeled with parametric design in CAD software, thenexported to VR environment, in which the virtual hydraulic support is assembled, operated andtested. With the method, the errors and faults of design can be fined easily, many improvements aremade and the new hydraulic support is developed successfully.

Horizontal roof gap of backfill hydraulic support

For the backfill hydraulic support as the key equipment for achieving integration of backfilling and coal mining simultaneously in the practical process, its characteristics will directly influence the backfill body's compression ratio. Horizontal roof gap, as a key parameter of backfilling characteristics, may impact the backfilling effect from the aspects of control of roof subsidence in advance, support stress, backfilling process and the support design. Firstly, the reason why horizontal roof gap exists was analyzed and its definition, causes and connotation were introduced, then adopting the Pro/E 3D simulation software, three typical 3D entity models of backfill hydraulic supports were built, based on the influence of horizontal roof gap on backfilling effect, and influence rules of four factors, i.e. support height, suspension height, suspension angle and tamping angle, were emphatically analyzed on horizontal roof gap. The results indicate that, the four factors all have significant impacts on horizontal roof gap, but show differences in influence trend and degree, showing negative linear correlation, positive linear correlation, positive semi-parabolic correlation and negative semi-parabolic correlation, respectively. Four legs type is the most adaptive to the four factors, while six legs(II) type has the poorest adaptability, and the horizontal roof gap is small under large support height, small suspension height, small suspension angle and large tamping angle situation. By means of optimizing structure components and their positional relation and suspension height of backfill scrape conveyor in the process of support design and through controlling working face deployment, roof subsidence in advance, mining height and backfilling during engineering application, the horizontal roof gap is optimized. The research results can be served as theoretical basis for support design and guidance for backfill support to have better performance in backfilling.

Mechanisms and Kinematics of Hydraulic Support for Top-Coal Caving

The structure and characteristic of new type of hydraulic support for top coal caving were discussed. The mechanism and kinematics of the hydraulic support were analyzed. The formulas were deduced to calculate the velocity and acceleration of top beam, shield beam, front and back legs, which give the solution to the design and research for hydraulic support.

Computer-Aided Rapid Variant Design System for Hydraulic Support

The paper gives a detail analysis on the necessity of rapid hydraulic support design, and presents a computer-aided rapid variant design system for hydraulic support. The system integrates the type selection and embodiment design of hydraulic support. Case-based reasoning and rule-based reasoning are the main reasoning methods. Several crucial problems are discussed.

FLUID INDUCED HYDRAULIC SYSTEM VIBRATIONOF POWERED SUPPORT

Fluid and solid interaction analysis of hydraulic support under the coming pressure of roof rocks was presented. The mathematical model of the system was proposed and numerical studies by the character line method were carried out.

A soft-sensing model on hydraulic excavator's backhoe vibratory excavating resistance based on fuzzy support vector machine

In order to measure the backhoe vibratory excavating resistance of a hydraulic excavator fast and precisely,the influences of vibratory excavating depth,angle,vibratory frequency,amplitude,bucket inserting velocity and soil type on the vibratory excavating resistance were analyzed.Simulation analysis was carried out to establish the bucket inserting velocity,amplitude and vibratory frequency considered as secondary variables and excavating resistance as primary variable.A fuzzy membership function was introduced to improve the anti-noise capacity of support vector machine,which is a soft-sensing model on the hydraulic excavator's backhoe vibratory excavating resistance based on fuzzy support vector machine.The simulation result reveals that its maximum relative training and testing error are nearly 0.68% and-0.47%,respectively.It is concluded that the model has quite high modeling precision and generalization capacity,and it can measure the vibratory excavating resistance accurately,reliably and fast in an indirect way.

STUDY OF A FAULT DIAGNOSIS EXPERT SYSTEM FOR SYNTHETIC MINING SYSTEM HYDRAULIC SUPPORT

Fault diagnosis expert system for hydraulic support is studied.The system is achieved by Turbo prolong Language, it summaries the experience of the domain expert and sets up a fault tree, knowledge base is developed by a productive rule.According to the feature of diagnosis, the system selects forward non determination inferring and limited depth first search strategy.It can accomplish expert diagnosis of more than 50 kinds faults in hydraulic support.

Anchoring mechanism and application of hydraulic expansion bolts used in soft rock roadway floor heave control

Comparing with the resin bolt, the hydraulic expansion bolt has different anchoring mechanism and application advantage. According to the working mechanism of the hydraulic expansion bolt, its anchoring force is expressed in four forms including support anchoring force, tension anchoring force, expansion anchoring force and tangent anchoring force, and their values can be obtained on the basis of each calculation formula. Among them, the expansion anchoring force, which is the unique anchoring force of the hydraulic expansion bolt, can provide confining pressure to increase the strength of rock. Aiming at solving the problem of stability control in the soft rock roadway in Jinbaotun Coal Mine which has a double layer of 40 U-type sheds and cannot provide enough resistance support to control floor heave, the study reveals the mechanism of floor heave in the soft rock roadway, and designs the reasonable support parameters of the hydraulic expansion bolts. The observed results of floor convergence indicate that the hydraulic expansion bolts can prevent the development and flow of the plastic zone in the floor rock to control floor heave. Research results enrich the control technology in the soft rock roadway.

综采液压支架中部跟机多模态人机协同控制系统

我国煤矿智能化综采工作面建设处于初级阶段,液压支架电液控自动化技术已广泛应用,但目前液压支架单一固化的自动化控制逻辑难以适应复杂、多变、动态的工作面生产场景,现场实际控制过程仍大多采用自动化+人工干预方式。针对综采工作面复杂场景中液压支架人机交互协作任务需求,提出液压支架中部跟机多模态人机协同控制系统的理论方法与技术原理。首先,设计了人工式、分工式、批准式、否决式4种人机协同模态,以煤层地质、瓦斯粉尘、采煤机速度、液压支架智能水平、系统状态、岗位工技术水平、任务负荷等为判别因素,构建了基于AOG的液压支架人机协同模态选择模型,实现了人工、机器偏好的模态选择。然后,设计了液压支架中部跟机人机协同控制决策机制,提出液压支架中部跟机再次调控策略AI推理技术思路,利用现场数据学习人工操作经验,分别构建了液压支架是否再次调控决策树分类模型和再次拉架时间贝叶斯回归模型,基于上述模型开发了液压支架人机协同控制决策程序,实现了基于多模态与或推理和再次调控策略AI推理的液压支架人机协同控制。最后,采用云-边-端架构软硬件技术,开发了液压支架多模态人机协同控制系统,实现了模型进化、运算推理、程序执行等液压支架多模态人机协同控制功能。该系统在沙曲二矿3404工作面进行了工业试运行,相比于系统使用前,该工作面液压支架中部跟机效率平均提高2%。

改进YOLOv5s的采煤机滚筒与支架护帮板干涉状态智能识别

针对综采工作面液压支架护帮板处于未收回异常状态导致采煤机滚筒与护帮板干涉问题,提出一种改进YOLOv5s的采煤机滚筒与液压支架护帮板干涉状态智能识别方法。运用课题组前期提出的基于边界约束和非线性上下文正则化的去雾去尘方法对视频图像进行清晰化处理,提高综采工作面监控视频图像质量;对YOLOv5s模型进行改进,通过将YOLOv5s主干网络中的普通卷积Conv替换为分类效果更佳的Ghost卷积,减少了模型的参数数量,提高了模型识别速度,同时引入坐标注意力机制,提高了模型对护帮板和滚筒特征提取能力,从而提高模型识别精确率。运用软非极大值抑制算法(Soft-NMS)的锚框筛选方法,减少因护帮板重叠而发生漏检问题。针对采煤机滚筒与液压支架护帮板干涉状态判定问题,提出液压支架护帮板与采煤机滚筒锚框重合度的判定方法。运用本文改进YOLOv5s模型与YOLOv5s、YOLOv3-tiny模型进行对比分析,结果表明:本文方法与原模型相比的识别精确率提高了约8.1%,GFLOPs降低1.86倍;mAP@.5达到97.2%、平均识别速度为检测时间为5.9 ms。运用本文方法对煤矿实际综采工作面采煤机滚筒与液压支架护帮板视频图像进行干涉状态识别试验验证,结果表明:对采煤机滚筒与液压支架护帮板干涉状态识别准确率为96%。

大倾角煤层伪俯斜工作面平行四边形液压支架结构设计与运动响应

液压支架是大倾角煤层伪俯斜工作面“围岩-装备”系统稳定性的核心,现有液压支架结构无法适应伪俯斜开采空间稳定性要求,严重影响了该类条件下工作面安全高效开采。以大倾角煤层伪俯斜开采工作面为研究背景,采用工程类比、结构运动学分析、数值仿真的综合研究方法,分析了大倾角伪俯斜工作面“支架-围岩”稳定性特征,并以ZY7000/22/45型液压支架为基础,发明一种新型平行四边形液压支架,进行了结构合理性设计,分析了关键构件运动学响应特征。研究表明:大倾角伪俯斜综采工作面垮落矸石非均匀填充以及矸石对支架的砸、压、推作用是影响支架稳定性的关键因素,平行四边形顶梁与底座更适应伪俯斜工作面。设计的平行四边形支架顶梁、底座及立柱排布方式为平行四边形,异形掩护梁与后连杆、油缸连杆、底座构成柔性四连杆结构。平行四边形支架立柱为主要承载结构,油缸连杆为主要运动机构,其运动特征影响因素主要为上下柱窝间距和前后连杆与掩护梁铰接位置间距,其中掩护梁与后连杆是支架位姿调控的关键,且支架运动过程中无双扭线产生。研究结果为该类条件工作面支架提供了一种选型,一定程度上保障了该类煤层的安全生产。

大倾角煤层俯伪斜工作面液压支架设计系统实用性分析

为解决大倾角煤层液压支架设计过程中多维受载特征被忽略、建模过程繁琐、设计周期长等问题,结合大倾角伪俯斜工作面液压支架受载特性,研发大倾角液压支架设计系统。采用运动仿真、强度测试、物理实验等综合研究方法,以ZY5000/15.5/38型大倾角煤层液压支架设计为例,根据大倾角伪俯斜采场液压支架多维受力特征建立力学模型,分析大倾角液压支架的空间受载特性,建立伪俯斜工作面液压支架顶梁、掩护梁力学线性矩阵,利用VB.NET为开发语言结合线性矩阵和SOLIDWORKS二次开发建模软件搭建液压支架设计系统,开发出良好的人机交互用户界面。研究分析表明:该系统生成下的模型液压支架顶梁前端运动轨迹范围48 mm左右,支架顶梁前端运动轨迹曲线满足双扭线特性;模型支架最大应力为146.7 MPa,远小于材料屈服的等效应力,最大变形位移也不超过0.531 mm;研制相似比为1∶5物理模型液压支架工作阻力在38 kN左右,在不同条件下测试支架顶梁、掩护梁受载特性,实验中模型支架的力学数据与系统生成的力学数据基本相符,且实验在初撑、增阻、恒阻及卸压各阶段均满足支架的运动要求及承载特性。研究结果体现了该设计系统下模型液压支架较好的适应性,对丰富大倾角煤层液压支架设计理论和指导液压支架设计生产具有一定的科学和实践意义。

基于差分非平稳Transformer的液压支架立柱压力预测

液压支架立柱压力预测是回采工艺决策的重要依据,也是确保围岩稳定的基础信息之一。然而,液压支架立柱压力虽然具有一定的规律性,却无法用简单的数学模型进行预测;且在回采过程中,支架不接顶、顶板破碎、传感器检测误差等带来大量的随机噪声,使得压力数据劣化为非平稳时间序列,给压力的预测带来的很大的困难。本文在Transformer基础上,提出一种差分非平稳Transformer模型,在Transformer的编码器和解码器中分别引入差分归一化和反归一化操作,以提升序列的平稳性。同时,在Transformer中采用去平稳注意力机制,计算序列元素之间的关联关系,以增强模型的预测能力。在真实的煤矿支架立柱数据集上的对比实验表明,本文提出的差分非平稳Transformer的预测效果达到0.674,表现明显优于LSTM、Transformer和非平稳Transformer模型。