Experimental study on pressure and aeration characteristics in stepped chute flows

The free flow on the step surfaces has received much attention for its representative body type,flow structure,water-air two phase flow,cavitation,and many complex issues.The experiments about the time-averaged pressure and aeration concentration distribution on the step surface show that the vertical plane of steps will inevitably experience negative pressure,which must rely on adequate aeration concentration to avoid cavitation damage.However,the self-aerated flow at the head section has a relatively low aeration concentration,and the concentration of the entire steps decreases with the increasing of weir head,the minimum appears in the vicinity of the corner,and the location is close to the minimum pressure.Thus,it is necessary to set aerator in the upstream end of the step surfaces to avoid cavitation damage.

台阶式溢洪道滑掠流时均压强影响因素分析

由于台阶式溢洪道结构特殊,流态复杂,对台阶式溢洪道压强并未取得一致性的研究成果。对多个台阶式溢洪道滑掠流时均压强资料进行分析,探讨来流流量、掺气、台阶尺寸、溢洪道坡度等对台阶式溢洪道时均压强的影响。分析结果表明:单宽流量大,时均压强变大;掺气可有效降低正压时均压力并增加负压值;台阶尺寸对台阶式溢洪道的影响较为复杂,台阶尺寸较小,且坡度较缓时竖直面压强呈中间小、两头大分布,坡度较大时具有2个压力极小值,位于竖直面底部和顶部,台阶尺寸较大时竖直面压强自下而上呈减小趋势;坡度增加,台阶式溢洪道压强变化幅度增大。