Evaluation of the Impact of Refined Quality Control Management Model on the Qualified Rate of Disinfection and Sterilization of Surgical Instruments in the Sterilization Supply Center

Objective:To evaluate the application value of a refined quality control management model for a sterilization supply center.Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted on the work situation of the sterilization supply center from January 2021 to January 2023.The work situation before January 31,2022,was classified as the control group;a routine quality control management model was implemented,and the work situation after January 31,2022,was classified as the observation group.The quality of medical device management and department satisfaction between the two groups were compared.Results:The timely recovery and supply rate,classification and cleaning pass rate,disinfection pass rate,packaging pass rate,sterilization pass rate,and department satisfaction score in the observation group were all higher than those of the control group(P<0.05).Conclusion:Implementing a refined quality control management model in the sterilization supply center can improve the quality management level of medical devices and department satisfaction and is worthy of promotion.

A novel Ag/ZnO core-shell structure for efficient sterilization synergizing antibiotics and subsequently removing residuals

The massive use of antibiotics has led to the aggravation of bacterial resistance and also brought environmental pollution problems.This poses a great threat to human health.If the dosage of antibiotics is reduced by increasing its bactericidal performance,the emergence of drug resistance is certainly delayed,so that there's not enough time for developing drug resistance during treatment.Therefore,we selected typical representative materials of metal Ag and semiconductor ZnO nano-bactericides to design and synthesize Ag/ZnO hollow core-shell structures(AZ for short).Antibiotics are grafted on the surface of AZ through rational modification to form a composite sterilization system.The research results show that the antibacterial efficiency of the composite system is significantly increased,from the sum(34.7%+22.8%-57.5%)of the antibacterial efficiency of AZ and gentamicin to 80.2%,net synergizes 22.7%,which fully reflects the effect of 1+1>2.Therefore,the dosage of antibiotics can be drastically reduced in this way,which makes both the possibility of bacterial resistance and medical expenses remarkably decrease.Subsequently,residual antibiotics can be degraded under simple illumination using AZ-self as a photocatalyst,which cuts off the path of environmental pollution.In short,such an innovative route has guiding significance for drug resistance.

FPGA-based plasma sterilization device for wound-edge recognition

There is a currently a lack of large-area plasma sterilization devices that can intelligently identify the shape of a wound for automatic steriliza-tion.For this reason,in this work,a plasma sterilization device with wound-edge recognition was developed using afield-programmable gate array(FPGA)and a high-performance image-processing platform to realize intelligent and precise sterilization of wounds.SOLIDWORKS was used to design the mechanical structure of the device,and it was manufactured using 3D printing.The device used an improvement of the traditional Sobel detection algorithm,which extends the detection of edges in only the x and y directions to eight directions(0○,45○,90○,135○,180○,225○,270○,and 315○),completing the wound-edge detection by adaptive thresholding.The device can be controlled according to different shapes of sterilization area to adjust the positioning of a single plasma-jet tube in the horizontal plane for two-dimensional move-ment;the distance between the plasma-jet tube and the surface of the object to be sterilized can be also adjusted in the vertical direction.In this way,motors are used to move the plasma jet and achieve automatic,efficient,and accurate plasma sterilization.It was found that a good sterilization effect could be achieved at both the culture-medium level and the biological-tissue level.The ideal sterilization parameters at the culture-medium level were a speed of 2 mm/s and aflow rate of 0.6 slm,while at the biological-tissue level,these values were 1 mm/s and 0.6 slm,respectively.

Effect of power supply parameters on discharge characteristics and sterilization efficiency of magnetically driven rotating gliding arc

Plasma sterilization is a new generation of high-tech sterilization method that is fast,safe,and pollution free.It is widely used in medical,food,and environmental protection fields.Home air sterilization is an emerging field of plasma application,which puts higher requirements on the miniaturization,operational stability,and operating cost of plasma device.In this study,a novel magnetically driven rotating gliding arc(MDRGA)discharge device was used to sterilize Lactobacillus fermentation.Compared with the traditional gas-driven gliding arc,this device has a simple structure and a more stable gliding arc.Simulation using COMSOL Multiphysics showed that adding permanent magnets can form a stable magnetic field,which is conducive to the formation of gliding arcs.Experiments on the discharge performance,ozone concentration,and sterilization effect were conducted using different power supply parameters.The results revealed that the MDRGA process can be divided into three stages:starting,gliding,and extinguishing.Appropriate voltage was the key factor for stable arc gliding,and both high and low voltages were not conducive to stable arc gliding and ozone production.In this experimental setup,the sterilization effect was the best at 6.6 kV.A high modulation duty ratio was beneficial for achieving stable arc gliding.However,when the duty ratio exceeded a certain value,the improvement in the sterilization effect was slow.Therefore,considering the sterilization effect and energy factors comprehensively,we chose 80%as the optimal modulation duty ratio for this experimental device.

Sterilization Effect of Cooking Process for Guilin Rice Noodles Based on Heat Conduction Model

Guilin rice noodles, a unique cuisine from Guilin, Guangxi, is renowned both domestically and internationally as one of the top ten “Guilin Classics”. Utilizing a heat conduction model, this study explores the effectiveness of the cooking process in sterilizing Guilin rice noodles before consumption. The model assumes that a large pot is filled with boiling water which is maintained at a constant high temperature heat resource through continuous gentle heating. And the room temperature is set as the initial temperature for the preheating process and the final temperature for the cooling process. The objective is to assess whether the cooking process achieves satisfactory sterilization results. The temperature distribution function of rice noodle with time is analytically obtained using the separation of variables method in the three-dimensional cylindrical coordinate system. Meanwhile, the thermal diffusion coefficient of Guilin rice noodles is obtained in terms of Riedel’ theory. By analyzing the elimination characteristics of Pseudomonas cocovenenans subsp. farinofermentans, this study obtains the optimal time required for effective sterilization at the core of Guilin rice noodles. The results show that the potential Pseudomonas cocovenenans subsp. farinofermentans will be completely eliminated through continuously preheating more than 31 seconds during the cooking process before consumption. This study provides a valuable reference of food safety standards in the cooking process of Guilin rice noodles, particularly in ensuring the complete inactivation of potentially harmful strains such as Pseudomonas cocovenenans subsp. farinofermentans.

Risk Assessment of Hydrogen Peroxide Low- Temperature Plasma Sterilization Using Different Monitoring Methods

Objective:This study aims to evaluate the application value of biological monitoring and different types of chemical indicator cards in batch monitoring of hydrogen peroxide low-temperature plasma sterilization.The goal is to standardize the selection of loading conditions for this sterilization method and avoid positive biological monitoring results.Methods:Physical monitoring,Class I chemical indicator card monitoring,Class IV chemical indicator card monitoring,and biological monitoring were used to monitor the hydrogen peroxide low-temperature plasma sterilization process.The sterilization effect on instruments inside the Johnson&Johnson 100S plasma sterilizer was monitored and the qualification of various monitoring methods was compared.Results:The comparison showed that when non-standard or adsorption-prone packaging materials were used,the interception rate of biological monitoring and Class IV chemical indicator cards was significantly higher than that of physical monitoring and Class I chemical indicator cards.These methods more intuitively and effectively detected sterilization failures.Conclusion:Biological monitoring and Class IV chemical indicator cards are safe,fast,accurate,and easy to interpret in hydrogen peroxide low-temperature plasma sterilization,especially for monitoring instruments inside packages.They provide a reliable basis for the release of sterilized instrument packages.Identifying the reasons for positive biological monitoring results in hydrogen peroxide low-temperature plasma sterilization and taking effective measures promptly can minimize associated risks.

Recent developments in deep-ultraviolet sterilization of human respiratory RNA viruses

Deep-ultraviolet(DUV)sterilization technology using DUV-LEDs has attracted considerable attention owing to its portability,eco-friendliness,high potency,and broad-spectrum sterilization.This study compiles the developments of recent DUV sterilization research.Recent works have investigated DUV sterilization from the perspective of device improvement and principle investigation:one employed a novel epitaxial structure to optimize the performance and fabrication cost of DUV-LEDs and realized potent virus disinfection effects for various respiratory RNA viruses,and another work explained the disinfection phenomenon of SARS-CoV-2 and its variants(Delta and Omicron)in a cryogenic environment.These studies have contributed significantly to the development of DUV sterilization.

Improving plasma sterilization by constructing a plasma photocatalytic system with a needle array corona discharge and Au plasmonic nanocatalyst

Efficient sterilization by a plasma photocatalytic system(PPS)requires strong synergy between plasma and photocatalyst to inactivate microorganisms while suppressing the formation of secondary pollutants.Here,we report that a PPS constructed from a needle array corona discharge and Au/TiO2plasmonic nanocatalyst could remarkably improve the sterilization of Escherichia coli(E.coli)and alleviate formation of the discharge pollutant O3.At 6 kV,the combination of corona discharge and Au/TiO2achieves sterilization efficiency of 100%within an exposure time of 5 min.At 5 kV and an exposure time of 8 min,the presence of Au/TiO2improves sterilization efficiency of the corona discharge from 73%to 91%and reduces the O3concentration from 0.38 to 0.04 ppm,whereas the presence of TiO2reduces the sterilization efficiency and O3concentration to 66%and 0.17 ppm,respectively.The Au/TiO2in the PPS enables a uniform corona discharge,enhances the interaction between plasma,E.coli and nanocatalysts,and suppresses the formation of O3.Further,the Au/TiO2can be excited by ultraviolet-visible light emitted from the plasma to generate electron-hole pairs,and thus contributes to the formation of reactive radicals and the oxidative inactivation of E.coli.The PPS constructed from a needle array corona discharge and Au-based plasmonic nanocatalyst provides a promising approach for developing high-efficiency sterilization techniques.

Effects of Different Sample Parts and Sterilization Methods on Contamination and Survival Rates of Shoots with Buds in Chinese Chestnut

In this study,we investigated the preferable explant types and sterilization method for tissue culture in Chinese chestnut,in order to provide a technical support for the asexual reproduction of Chinese chestnut.The base,middle and apex parts of annual shoots with buds in Chinese chestnut were sampled and cut to 2-3 cm stem segments each with one bud,then sterilized orderly with different duration in 2%NaClO plus 0.1%HgCl_(2)solutions.The results indicated that the duration of 2%NaClO for 20 min+0.1%HgCl_(2)for 15 min exerted an effective disinfection property on the middle parts of annual shoots with buds,and achieved a contamination rate under 5%and a survival rate over 90%.

Effects of Different Sterilization Conditions on Active Components and Flavor of Apple Vinegar

[Objectives]To explore the effects of different sterilization conditions on nutrition and flavor of apple vinegar.[Methods]Five kinds of high temperature short time(HTST)sterilization conditions were selected to treat apple vinegar,and the volatile aroma components and the content of active components in apple vinegar before and after sterilization were analyzed.[Results]Compared with the control,the contents of total acid and malic acid in the samples after sterilization changed little,but the contents of citric acid increased significantly(P<0.01),and the contents of total phenols,ascorbic acid and total flavonoids decreased.Ethyl acetate,isopentyl acetate,ethyl caprylate,phenethyl acetate,1-pentanol,phenylethyl alcohol,acetic acid,and sec-butyl ether were the characteristic aroma components which contributed to the flavor of apple vinegar.As sterilization temperature increased,the content of esters decreased,while the content of acids,alcohols and aldehydes increased.The contents of nutrition,active components and volatile aroma components in apple vinegar under 100℃and 30 s sterilization conditions had little change compared with other sterilization conditions,so 100℃and 30 s were the optimal sterilization conditions.[Conclusions]Under different sterilization conditions,the content of flavor components in apple vinegar will change greatly,which will affect the quality of apple vinegar.

低温等离子体技术在食品行业的应用研究进展

近年来,低温等离子体技术发展迅速,由于低温等离子体设备具有易安装、样品处理简单、绿色环保等性能优势,因此在食品工业领域越来越受到重视。该文在阐析低温等离子体技术的相关概念及分类的基础上,重点对低温等离子体在食品杀菌与贮存、降解真菌毒素与农药残留及菌藻诱变方面的应用进行阐述。以期为低温等离子体技术在食品行业的广泛应用提供参考。

信息化质量追溯系统在消毒供应中心医疗器械管理中的应用效果

目的:探讨信息化质量追溯系统在消毒供应中心(CSSD)医疗器械管理中的应用效果。方法:选取郑州儿童医院CSSD采取常规管理期间(2020年6月至2021年6月)接收的1018件器械为对照组,选取应用信息化质量追溯系统管理后(2021年7月至2022年7月)接收的1018件器械为观察组。比较两组医疗器械管理质量(清洗、灭菌、包装不合格率)及各科室医护人员对CSSD的满意度。结果:观察组医疗器械清洗、包装、灭菌不合格率均低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);各科室医护人员对观察组服务态度、技术水平、器械供应及时性、器械结构功能、器械无菌性等方面的满意度均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:信息化质量追溯系统用于CSSD医疗器械管理可提高管理质量,降低医疗器械清洗、包装、灭菌不合格率,提高各科室医护人员满意度,有效保障医疗安全。

水稻不育系泰丰A创制及其优良品质性状遗传基础研究

针对杂交稻“高产难优质”的瓶颈问题,基于杂种优势群与优势模式,选择华南地区高配合力、高异交率保持系博B和优质丝苗米亲本米31以及长江流域优质抗病早稻浙9248作为育种亲本进行复合杂交,通过穿梭种植生态加压表型鉴定与室内品质鉴定相结合的方法,育成了粒型细长、整精米率高、食味佳的“三高一优”不育系及其保持系泰丰A/B。截至2023年,用泰丰A配组育成泰丰优208、泰优390、泰优1002和泰优398等优质杂交稻共计92个。其中,80.4%的米质达到国(部)标优质3级以上标准,18个品次获得国家或省级优质稻食味鉴评金奖和银奖,2个品种被农业农村部认定为超级稻,较好解决了杂交稻“高产难优质”的“卡脖子”问题。此外,对控制泰丰A/B重要品质性状的QTLs(基因)进行了分析,发现位于第3、5、6和7号染色体上的gs3、GW5TFB、WxTFB和GW7TFB基因或其所在的染色体区段是泰丰A/B品质表现优异的重要遗传基础。

大豆细胞质雄性不育遗传基础与育种应用

杂种优势利用是显著提高作物产量的主要途径,有助于解决日益增长的人口数量与有限耕地之间的矛盾。大豆作为世界上重要的粮油饲兼用作物,其开展杂种优势利用已有30余年。其中,基于细胞质雄性不育的三系法杂交育种系统是大豆杂种优势利用的主要途径。目前,已有40余个杂交大豆品种通过审定并在生产上推广应用,杂交大豆正处于由中试向产业化推进阶段。本文对大豆细胞质雄性不育遗传基础与育种应用进行了综述,系统阐述了各类型细胞质雄性不育系的发现及利用、不育性状的遗传和分子机制、育性恢复基因和恢复抑制基因的定位和克隆等方面的研究进展。基于大豆杂种优势利用研究现状论述和分析,提出了三系法杂交大豆育种中存在的问题、挑战及解决路径,并对三系法杂交大豆育种技术的创新进行了展望,旨在为大豆杂种优势分子基础和应用研究提供新方法、新思路。

基于MPGW分布的压力蒸汽灭菌器可靠性分析

浴缸形状的失效率函数因其能够捕捉某些实际情境中的故障率特征,在机械结构可靠性分析中至关重要。引入一种修正广义幂威布尔(Modified Power Generalized Weibull,MPGW)分布,能够建模表征浴缸形状的失效率变化规律。为评估该模型的有效性,本研究使用了压力蒸汽灭菌器故障数据集进行实证研究,并将其性能与5种经典分布模型进行了比较,发现该模型在灵活性上具有较大优势。

电极间隙对脉冲电场处理器杀菌效果的影响

脉冲电场是新型非热杀菌技术,杀菌效率高、有效保留液体食品的营养成分,具有广阔的应用前景。电极间隙作为脉冲电场杀菌处理器的关键指标,决定处理器的电场分布和杀菌效果。为了获得最佳间隙参数,提升杀菌效果,为此设计了共场型脉冲电场处理器,电极间距分别为3、5和7 mm,针对固定电导率(等效鲜榨柚子汁电导率)的2种典型细菌(金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌)菌悬液,研究了脉冲电场的杀菌效果。研究发现,3 mm电极间距所能施加最大电压为18 kV,5、7 mm的可达30 kV;处理时间为120 s时,3种间隙的杀菌效率均可达99.99%。因此,综合考虑电源性能、设备能耗和处理能力,首选3 mm电极间距为处理器的应用参数。评估外施电压幅值对杀菌效果的影响,发现细菌存活量的下降趋势可根据其下降速率分为“慢-快-慢”3个阶段。结合菌悬液上清液蛋白质含量的上升趋势,充分说明了电穿孔应为脉冲电场的主要杀菌机制。

西瓜雄性不育类型的遗传学鉴定与胚胎学观察

为了明确西瓜雄性不育材料的不育类型和花药败育时期,以西瓜雄性不育系GMS4为材料,对花蕾不育性状进行田间观察统计,利用石蜡切片法观察西瓜花药发育过程。结果表明,该材料不育性状由1对隐性基因控制,为细胞核雄性不育类型。可育株雄蕊发育正常,不育株雄蕊较小,花药干瘪无花粉,可育株和不育株雌蕊发育无明显差异,均可正常结瓜。从花药发育的整个过程来看,在花药发育早期,可育株和不育株花药结构形态差别不大,在小孢子母细胞减数分裂期,不育株异常绒毡层细胞过度增殖,体积小,排列不整齐,挤压药室,无二分体和四分体形成,在花药发育后期,无花粉粒形成,最终导致西瓜雄性不育发生。据此认为,花药败育发生时期在小孢子母细胞减数分裂期。

茄子反向温敏雄性不育系内源激素含量及相关基因表达分析

雄性不育对杂交育种至关重要,挖掘茄子雄性不育关键候选基因有助于定向改良不育材料。以长茄温敏型雄性不育系05ms及其同源可育系S63为材料,对不育系05ms和可育系S63减数分裂时期(Ⅱ)的花药进行转录组测序,并对05ms春季低温不育(ML)和夏季高温可育(MH)阶段的花粉母细胞时期(Ⅰ)、减数分裂期(Ⅱ)、小孢子时期(Ⅲ)和成熟花粉粒(Ⅳ)4个花药发育时期的内源激素含量进行检测。结果表明,差异表达基因主要富集在戊糖和葡萄糖酸酯的转化、类胡萝卜素的生物合成和植物激素信号转导等代谢通路,Smechr0702283、Smechr0801802、Smechr0600105、Smechr0802213、Smechr0302844、Smechr0601316、Smechr0401804等基因为茄子温敏雄性不育的关键调控基因,实时荧光定量PCR(qRT-PCR)结果表明,转录组数据可靠。激素代谢物检测结果表明,生长素类激素ICAld和乙烯前体ACC含量在4个时期中ML均显著高于MH,而ML的生长素IAA含量低于MH。从代谢水平和转录水平解析了茄子花药的败育机制,研究结果为进一步揭示茄子温敏雄性不育调控机制奠定了理论基础。

辣椒雄性不育分子研究进展

为对辣椒雄性不育分子研究取得的进展有更直观、系统、深入的了解,梳理已鉴定的辣椒核雄性不育(NMS)基因及部分NMS基因分子标记开发,重点阐述近年来核雄性不育基因精细定位及候选基因探究工作;同时回顾辣椒胞质雄性不育(CMS)相关的线粒体不育基因及其关联分子标记和CMS恢复基因分子标记开发,重点概述近年来恢复基因精细定位研究取得的进展。研究指出,精细定位NMS基因,明确候选基因并开发功能标记是辣椒NMS研究的重点,既能为探明辣椒NMS机理奠定基础又可为育种提供高效利用的分子标记。而CMS相较于NMS更为复杂,表现在遗传机制多样且更易受环境影响等方面,因此,从对CMS育性恢复基因的精细定位到基因克隆以及功能研究并探明CMS分子机制还有很长的一段路要走。

适合机械化移栽结球甘蓝新品种‘沪甘2150’的选育

‘沪甘2150’是由甘蓝胞质雄性不育系CMS轮01-181为母本和结球甘蓝自交系ZS008-183为父本选配而成的宜机化结球甘蓝新品种,从定植到开始采收约为70 d。该品种生长势强,中抗黑腐病;叶球翠绿,蜡粉少,球形圆正,结球紧实。苗期株型直立性好,适合机械化移栽。叶球质量为1.03 kg,每667 m^(2)平均产量为4004.06 kg,较对照品种‘绿宝石’增产12.08%。