Terpenoids with quinoid structures are found as natural products. This includes steroidal quinones, quinones with a secosteroid structure and meroterpenoid quinones. Importantly, catechol estrogens as endogenous metab...Terpenoids with quinoid structures are found as natural products. This includes steroidal quinones, quinones with a secosteroid structure and meroterpenoid quinones. Importantly, catechol estrogens as endogenous metabolites of estradiol and estrone are precursors of reactive quinones and semiquinones, which are thought to contribute to estrogen-induced carcinogenesis. On the other hand, a number of quinones that include substituted naphthoquinones and anthraquinones are highly cytotoxic and have been used in cancer treatment. This makes the structures interesting synthetic targets. The following is a review of important natural and synthetic terpenoid and steroid quinone hybrids.展开更多
BACKGROUND Endoscopic submucosal dissection(ESD)is a reliable method to resect early esophageal cancer.Esophageal stricture is one of the major complications after ESD of the esophagus.Steroid prophylaxis for esophage...BACKGROUND Endoscopic submucosal dissection(ESD)is a reliable method to resect early esophageal cancer.Esophageal stricture is one of the major complications after ESD of the esophagus.Steroid prophylaxis for esophageal strictures,particularly local injection of triamcinolone acetonide(TA),is a relatively effective method to prevent esophageal strictures.However,even with steroid prophylaxis,stenosis still occurs in up to 45%of patients.Predicting the risk of stenosis formation after local TA injection would enable additional interventions in risky patients.AIM To identify the predictors of esophageal strictures after steroids application.METHODS Patients who underwent esophageal ESD and steroid prophylaxis and who were comprehensively assessed for lesion-and ESD-related factors at Southeast University Affiliated Zhongda Hospital between February 2018 and March 2023 were included in the study.The univariate and multivariate regression analyses were conducted to identify the predictors of stricture among patients undergoing steroid prophylaxis.RESULTS A total of 120 patients were included in the analysis.In the oral prednisone and oral prednisone combined with local tretinoin injection groups,the stenosis rates were 44/53(83.0%)and 56/67(83.6%),respectively.Among them,univariate analysis showed that the lesion circumference(P=0.01)and submucosal injection solution(P=0.04)showed significant correlation with the risk of stenosis formation.Logistic regression analyses were then performed using predictors that were significant in the univariate analyses and combined with known predictors from previous reports,such as additional chemoradiotherapy and tumor location.We identified a lesion circumference<5/6(OR=0.19;P=0.02)and submucosal injection of sodium hyaluronate(OR=0.15;P=0.03)as independent predictors of on esophageal stricture formation.CONCLUSION Steroid prophylaxis effectively prevents stenosis.Moreover,the lesion circumference and submucosal injection of sodium hyaluronate were independent predictors of esophageal strictures.Additional interventions should be considered in high-risk patients.展开更多
Background:Strength-trained athletes using anabolic androgenic steroids(AAS)have left ventricular(LV)hypertrophy and myocardial fibrosis that can lead to sudden cardiac death.A similar feature was described in athlete...Background:Strength-trained athletes using anabolic androgenic steroids(AAS)have left ventricular(LV)hypertrophy and myocardial fibrosis that can lead to sudden cardiac death.A similar feature was described in athletes with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy(HCM),which complicates the diagnosis for clinicians.In this context,we aimed to compare the LV function of the 2 populations by measuring global and regional strain and myocardial work using speckle-tracking imaging.Methods:Twenty-four strength-trained asymptomatic athletes using AAS(AAS-Athletes),22 athletes diagnosed with HCM(HCM-Athletes),and 20 healthy control athletes(Ctrl-Athletes)underwent a resting echocardiography to assess LV function.We evaluated LV global and regional strains and myocardial work,with an evaluation of the constructive work(CW),wasted work,and work efficiency(WE).Results:Compared to Ctrl-Athletes,both AAS-Athletes and HCM-Athletes had a thicker interventricular septum,with maj ored values in HCM-Athletes.LV strain was reduced in AAS-Athletes and even more in HCM-Athletes.Consequently,global WE was significantly diminished in both AAS and HCM-Athletes(93%±2%in Ctrl-Athletes,90%±4%in AAS-Athletes,and 90%±5%in HCM-Athletes(mean±SD);p<0.05).Constructive work and WE regional analysis showed specific alterations,with the basal septal segments preferentially affected in AAS-Athletes,and both septal and apical segments affected in HCM-Athletes.Conclusion:The regional evaluation of myocardial work reported specific alterations of the major LV hypertrophy induced by the regular use of AAS compared to the LV hypertrophy due to HCM.This finding could help clinicians to differentiate between these 2 forms of pathological hypertrophy.展开更多
激素性股骨头坏死(steroid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head,SIONFH)是由于糖皮质激素使用不当或过度而引起的髋关节疾病,发病机制尚未统一,临床疗效亦不佳。当前,没有效果明确的药物可以延缓疾病进程,而中医药治疗SIONFH在...激素性股骨头坏死(steroid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head,SIONFH)是由于糖皮质激素使用不当或过度而引起的髋关节疾病,发病机制尚未统一,临床疗效亦不佳。当前,没有效果明确的药物可以延缓疾病进程,而中医药治疗SIONFH在临床上取得一定疗效。即便如此,仍未能完整的从分子生物及细胞生物学角度阐明中药治疗SIONFH的作用机制。转化生长因子-β(TGF-β)/骨形态发生蛋白(BMP)/Smad信号通路的转导是防治SIONFH的研究热点之一,故该文阐明了该信号通路的转导机制以及与SIONFH的联系,检索了基于该通路治疗SIONFH的全部中药及复方并阐述其影响机制。基于中医对SIONFH的认识,现临床上使用补肝肾强筋骨以及活血祛瘀通络类的方药治疗SIONFH,且具有良好的疗效。中药通过调控该通路,可刺激骨髓间充质干细胞成骨分化,降低破骨细胞含量,减少脂肪生成,改善微循环,抗氧化损伤,促进股骨头内血管新生,从而促进股骨头损伤的修复。现基于TGF-β/BMP/Smad信号通路对中医药治疗SIONFH的研究进展做一综述,期许为中医药治疗SIONFH提供理论依据及参考。展开更多
文摘Terpenoids with quinoid structures are found as natural products. This includes steroidal quinones, quinones with a secosteroid structure and meroterpenoid quinones. Importantly, catechol estrogens as endogenous metabolites of estradiol and estrone are precursors of reactive quinones and semiquinones, which are thought to contribute to estrogen-induced carcinogenesis. On the other hand, a number of quinones that include substituted naphthoquinones and anthraquinones are highly cytotoxic and have been used in cancer treatment. This makes the structures interesting synthetic targets. The following is a review of important natural and synthetic terpenoid and steroid quinone hybrids.
基金Supported by Jiangsu Province Chinese Medicine Science and Technology Development Program,No.ZT202119.
文摘BACKGROUND Endoscopic submucosal dissection(ESD)is a reliable method to resect early esophageal cancer.Esophageal stricture is one of the major complications after ESD of the esophagus.Steroid prophylaxis for esophageal strictures,particularly local injection of triamcinolone acetonide(TA),is a relatively effective method to prevent esophageal strictures.However,even with steroid prophylaxis,stenosis still occurs in up to 45%of patients.Predicting the risk of stenosis formation after local TA injection would enable additional interventions in risky patients.AIM To identify the predictors of esophageal strictures after steroids application.METHODS Patients who underwent esophageal ESD and steroid prophylaxis and who were comprehensively assessed for lesion-and ESD-related factors at Southeast University Affiliated Zhongda Hospital between February 2018 and March 2023 were included in the study.The univariate and multivariate regression analyses were conducted to identify the predictors of stricture among patients undergoing steroid prophylaxis.RESULTS A total of 120 patients were included in the analysis.In the oral prednisone and oral prednisone combined with local tretinoin injection groups,the stenosis rates were 44/53(83.0%)and 56/67(83.6%),respectively.Among them,univariate analysis showed that the lesion circumference(P=0.01)and submucosal injection solution(P=0.04)showed significant correlation with the risk of stenosis formation.Logistic regression analyses were then performed using predictors that were significant in the univariate analyses and combined with known predictors from previous reports,such as additional chemoradiotherapy and tumor location.We identified a lesion circumference<5/6(OR=0.19;P=0.02)and submucosal injection of sodium hyaluronate(OR=0.15;P=0.03)as independent predictors of on esophageal stricture formation.CONCLUSION Steroid prophylaxis effectively prevents stenosis.Moreover,the lesion circumference and submucosal injection of sodium hyaluronate were independent predictors of esophageal strictures.Additional interventions should be considered in high-risk patients.
基金supported by YAKHA Sport,Franceby the Platform 3A,funded by the European Regional Development Fund+3 种基金the French Ministry of Research,Higher Education and Innovationthe Provence-Alpes-Côte-d'Azur regionthe Departmental Council of Vauclusethe Urban Community of Avignon。
文摘Background:Strength-trained athletes using anabolic androgenic steroids(AAS)have left ventricular(LV)hypertrophy and myocardial fibrosis that can lead to sudden cardiac death.A similar feature was described in athletes with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy(HCM),which complicates the diagnosis for clinicians.In this context,we aimed to compare the LV function of the 2 populations by measuring global and regional strain and myocardial work using speckle-tracking imaging.Methods:Twenty-four strength-trained asymptomatic athletes using AAS(AAS-Athletes),22 athletes diagnosed with HCM(HCM-Athletes),and 20 healthy control athletes(Ctrl-Athletes)underwent a resting echocardiography to assess LV function.We evaluated LV global and regional strains and myocardial work,with an evaluation of the constructive work(CW),wasted work,and work efficiency(WE).Results:Compared to Ctrl-Athletes,both AAS-Athletes and HCM-Athletes had a thicker interventricular septum,with maj ored values in HCM-Athletes.LV strain was reduced in AAS-Athletes and even more in HCM-Athletes.Consequently,global WE was significantly diminished in both AAS and HCM-Athletes(93%±2%in Ctrl-Athletes,90%±4%in AAS-Athletes,and 90%±5%in HCM-Athletes(mean±SD);p<0.05).Constructive work and WE regional analysis showed specific alterations,with the basal septal segments preferentially affected in AAS-Athletes,and both septal and apical segments affected in HCM-Athletes.Conclusion:The regional evaluation of myocardial work reported specific alterations of the major LV hypertrophy induced by the regular use of AAS compared to the LV hypertrophy due to HCM.This finding could help clinicians to differentiate between these 2 forms of pathological hypertrophy.
文摘激素性股骨头坏死(steroid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head,SIONFH)是由于糖皮质激素使用不当或过度而引起的髋关节疾病,发病机制尚未统一,临床疗效亦不佳。当前,没有效果明确的药物可以延缓疾病进程,而中医药治疗SIONFH在临床上取得一定疗效。即便如此,仍未能完整的从分子生物及细胞生物学角度阐明中药治疗SIONFH的作用机制。转化生长因子-β(TGF-β)/骨形态发生蛋白(BMP)/Smad信号通路的转导是防治SIONFH的研究热点之一,故该文阐明了该信号通路的转导机制以及与SIONFH的联系,检索了基于该通路治疗SIONFH的全部中药及复方并阐述其影响机制。基于中医对SIONFH的认识,现临床上使用补肝肾强筋骨以及活血祛瘀通络类的方药治疗SIONFH,且具有良好的疗效。中药通过调控该通路,可刺激骨髓间充质干细胞成骨分化,降低破骨细胞含量,减少脂肪生成,改善微循环,抗氧化损伤,促进股骨头内血管新生,从而促进股骨头损伤的修复。现基于TGF-β/BMP/Smad信号通路对中医药治疗SIONFH的研究进展做一综述,期许为中医药治疗SIONFH提供理论依据及参考。
