Comprehensive prognostic and immune analysis of sterol Oacyltransferase 1 in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma

BACKGROUND Sterol O-acyltransferase 1(SOAT1)is an important target in the diagnosis and treatment of liver cancer.However,the prognostic value of SOAT1 in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is still not clear.AIM To investigate the correlation of SOAT1 expression with HCC,using RNA-seq and gene expression data of The Cancer Genome Atlas(TCGA)-liver hepatocellular carcinoma(LIHC)and pan-cancer.METHODS The correlation between SOAT1 expression and HCC was analyzed.Cox hazard regression models were conducted to investigate the prognostic value of SOAT1 in HCC.Overall survival and disease-specific survival were explored based on TCGA-LIHC data.Biological processes and functional pathways mediated by SOAT1 were characterized by gene ontology(GO)analysis and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)analysis of differentially expressed genes.In addition,the protein-protein interaction network and co-expression analyses of SOAT1 in HCC were performed to better understand the regulatory mechanisms of SOAT1 in this malignancy.RESULTS SOAT1 and SOAT2 were highly expressed in unpaired samples,while only SOAT1 was highly expressed in paired samples.The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of SOAT1 expression in tumor samples from LIHC patients compared with para-carcinoma tissues was 0.748,while the area under the curve of SOAT1 expression in tumor samples from LIHC patients compared with GTEx was 0.676.Patients with higher SOAT1 expression had lower survival rates.Results from GO/KEGG and gene set enrichment analyses suggested that the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway,the IL-18 signaling pathway,the calcium signaling pathway,secreted factors,the Wnt signaling pathway,the Jak/STAT signaling pathway,the MAPK family signaling pathway,and cell–cell communication were involved in such association.SOAT1 expression was positively associated with the abundance of macrophages,Th2 cells,T helper cells,CD56bright natural killer cells,and Th1 cells,and negatively linked to the abundance of Th17 cells,dendritic cells,and cytotoxic cells.CONCLUSION Our findings demonstrate that SOAT1 may serve as a novel target for HCC treatment,which is helpful for the development of new strategies for immunotherapy and metabolic therapy.

Sulfated Sterols Isolated from Starfish Asterias amurensis Lutken

Aim To study the chemical constituents of starfish Asterias amurensis. Methods The constituents were separated and purified by different chromatographic methods, and their structures were elucidated by MS and NMR. Results Six compounds were isolated from Asterias amurensis Lutken. Their structures were identified as 3β-O-sulfated-cholest-5-en sodium salt （1）, 3β-O-sulfated-6α-ol- pregn-9（ 11 ） -en-20-one sodium salt （ 2 ）, 3β-O-sulfated-6α-ol-cholest-9 （ 11 ） -en-23-one sodium salt （3）, 3β-O-sulfated-6α, 20β-diol-cholest-9 （ 11 ）-en-23-one sodium salt （ 4 ）, 3β-O-sulfated-6α-ol- cholesta-9 （ 11 ）, 20 （ 22 ） -dien-23-one sodium salt （ 5 ）, and 3β-O-sulfated-6ct-ol-ergost-9 （ 11 ） -en-23- one sodium salt （6）. Conclusion Compounds 1 - 6 were obtained from this species for the first time.

Occurrence of Different Forms and Implications of Compound Specific Sterols in Continental Sediments of the Northeast South China Sea

The South China Sea(SCS) is one of the most productive and accumulative marginal shelves of organic carbon in the world. To expound the transformation and preservation of organic carbon in the Northeast SCS, where abundant oil and gas resources have been reported, compound specific sterols in free(FR), base hydrolytic(BH), and acid hydrolytic(AH) forms were analyzed in surface and columnar sediments in May, 2016. The results showed that the total contents of sterols detected ranged from 0.15 to 3.74 ppm dry weight in the surface sediments, and gradually decreased from 3.41 to0.17 ppm dry weight from surface to deep sediments, in which cholesterol(27^(△5)) was the most abundant component. Sterols mainly existed in the BH form(54.51%-74.20%), followed by the FR form(25.50%-45.49%) and then the AH form(0-3.77%) in turn, in the surface sediments. BH and FR sterols accounted for 0-49.08% and 50.92%-100% in the columnar sediments, while AH sterols were undetectable. The contents of specific sterols indicated that, the primary source of marine organic carbon was about 5 times as much as that from terrestrial input. More and more FR sterols transformed into BH sterols with increasing sedimentary depth, and BH sterols absolutely dominated in sediment depths under 25 cm. The forms of Sterols C27 were maintained at a relative consistence state, but Sterols C28 to C30 degraded gradually during the sedimentation process. It was suggested that the stability of sterols, based on the chemical structures, might be the primary factor controlling their degradation and preservation in deeper sediments. These results would help to understand the organic carbon(OC) transformation in a hydrate formation area in a marginal sea.

Two New Sterols from Adenophora Stenanthina Subsp.Xifengensi

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Crystallographic and NMR studies on sterols from green alga Chaetomorpha basiretorsa Setchell

Chemical investigation of the ethanol extract of the marine green alga Chaetomorpha basiretorsa Setchell led to the isolation of a new sterol stigmast-4,28-dien-3α,6β-diol 1 in addition to the five known sterols of β-lawsaritol 2, saringosterol 3, 24-hydroperoxy-24-vinyl - cholesterol 4, β-stigmasterol 5, 29-hydroxystigmasta-5, 24 （28） -dien-3β-ol 6. Compounds were isolated by normal phase silica gel and Sephadex LH - 20 gel colum chromatography, reverse phase HPLC and recrystalization. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods including MS, IR 1D/2D NMR and X-ray analysis. Cytotoxicity of compounds was screened by using the standard MTF method. All these compounds were isolated from the green alga Chaetomorpha basiretorsa Setchell for the first time and they were inactive （50% inhibitory concentration was greater than 10 μg/cm^3） against KB, Bel -7402, PC - 3M, Ketr 3 and MCF-7 cell lines.

The Identification of Two New Sterols from Marine Organism

Two new sterol have been isolated from the South China Sea marine organism. Compound 1 was isolated from the sponge Polymastia sobustia and compound 2 was obtained from the soft coral Sinularia inexplicata. Their structures were established as 3 beta-hydroxy-stigmast-5en-7-one and 24-methylene cholestan -3 beta, 6 beta, 9 alpha, 19-tetrol by variety of spectral analysis such as IR, EIMS, 1DNMR, H-1-H-1 COSY, HMQC, HMBC, NOESY.

Two New Sterols from Bolbostemma paniculatum

Two new sterols were isolated from bulbs of Bolbostemma paniculatum (Maxim.) Franquet. Their structures were elucidated as stigmasta-7, 22, 25-triene-3-O-nonadecanoic acid ester (1) and stigmasta-7, 22, 25-triene-3-O-B-D- (6'-palmitoyl) glucopyranoside (2) by chemical and spectroscopic methods.

SIMULATED THERMAL ALTERATION OF STEROLS AND KETO-ALCOHOLS IN MARINE SEDIMENTS OF THE OKINAWA TROUGH

Compositional data on the sterol and alcohol fractions isolated from deep-sea marine sediments from the Okinawa Trough were obtained to determine the relative contribution from. marine and terrestrial inputs. Following extraction, the sterol plus alcohol fraction was isolated by layer chromatography, derivatized with BSTFA and then analysed by capillary GC and GC-MS. A suite of C26-C29 stenols and stanols and C30-C32 keto - alcohols were identified in the sediments. The thermal stability of the compounds in these sediments was studied by heating portions of the surface sediment in glass tubes fpr 16 hours at temperatures from 50℃ to 200℃.The C27 stanol/stenol ratio increased when temperatures went up to 175℃ , but the distribution of C30-C32 Keto - alcohols remained unaffected. At 200℃ most of the sterols and Keto - alcohols were destroyed.

Two New C_(29) Sterols from Clerodendrum colebrookianum

From the aerial parts of Clerodendrum colebrookianum Walp., two new C_29 sterols colebrin A and colebrin B, were isolated, along with a known compound, clerosterol. The structures of the new compounds were elucidated on the basis of spectral evidence.

The role of cholesterol in modifying the lipid-lowering effects of Fuzhuan brick-tea in Caenorhabditis elegans via SBP-1/SREBP

Fuzhuan brick-tea(FZT)has long been consumed for its supposed weight loss and lipid-lowering benefi ts.In this study,we show that the regulation of fat storage in Caenorhabditis elegans from a water extract of FZT was affected by cholesterol levels.We found that FZT signifi cantly decreased fat storage under normal cholesterol levels or in a cholesterol-free diet,while lipid accumulation was increased for a high cholesterol diet.Moreover,this mechanism may involve the conserved sterol regulatory element-binding protein(SREBP)/mediator-15(MDT-15)signaling pathway and the nuclear hormone receptor NHR-80.In addition,lipid synthesis-related genes inhibited by FZT were partially affected by a cholesterol-free diet.Thus,our fi ndings suggested that the potential lipid-lowering effects of FZT may depend on the cholesterol level,which may help to improve the consumption of FZT.

The substance composition of sterols in the sediments from the Chukchi Sea,the Bering Sea and global climatic significance

The compounds of sterols such as C27 ,C2s ,C29 and C30 are recorded from C-8 core of the Chukchi Sea. The double bond position is located at 5-, 5,22 as well as 22-,24-. The compound of sterols such as C27 ,C28 ,C29 are recorded from B2-9 core of the Bering Sea. The double bond position is located at 5-, 5, 22 as well as 22. The composition characteristics of sterols indicate that the substance is mainly contributed by the terrigenous origin and marine silicate organisms. The results are also suggest that the record of abnormal sterols from the surface sediments （2 -0 era）in the Chukchi Sea and the Bering Sea represent the period from 1980s to the late 1990s. The strong signal of the Arctic warming is preserved in the sediments, which indicates the eco - environmental change responding to climatic effect of circumjacent.

Determination of sterols in tobacco leaves by gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry

The purpose of the study was to establish an analytical method to simultaneously determine multiple sterols in tobacco leaves rapidly and accurately.In this gas chromatography-triple quadruple tandem mass spectrometry(GC-MS/MS)based method,various conditions for sterols extraction were assessed and the instrumental operation parameters were optimized with 5α-cholane as an internal standard.Using this method,eight plant sterols,namely lanosterol,campesterol,chenodeoxycholic acid,cholesterol,β-sitosterol,stigmasterol,dihydrotachysterol and ergosterol,were separated in less than 30 min.The linear correlation coefficients were over 0.998 9,the low detection limits were in the range of 0.010 3-0.141 4 μg/g.The recoveries were from 87.30% to 115.60%,with low standard deviations.In conclusion,this method demonstrates good repeatability,accuracy,and high sensitivity,and is best suited for rapid analysis of multiple sterols in tobacco leaves.

Triterpenoids and Sterols from the Leaves and Twigs of Melia azedarach

Two new triterpenoids(1 and 2)and a new sterol(3),together with six known constituents(4–9),were isolated from the leaves and twigs of Melia azedarach.Their chemical structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic analysis.

Combined Effects of Plant Sterols with Low Ratio of n-6/n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids against Atherosclerosis in ApoE–/–Mice

The effects of low ratio of n-6/n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids(PUFA)have been clarified against atherosclerosis.Increasing evidence indicated that plant sterols(PS)have a significant cholesterol-lowering effect.This study explored the effects of PS combined with n-6/n-3(2:1)PUFA on atherosclerosis and investigated the possible mechanism.In ApoE−/−mice,the milk fat in high fat diets was replaced with n-6/n-3(2:1)PUFA alone or supplemented with 6%PS for 16 weeks.Results demonstrated that PS combined with PUFA exerted commentary and synergistic effects on ameliorating atherosclerosis,improving lipid metabolism and lipid deposition in liver,and alleviating inflammatory response.These changes were accompanied with decreased serum TC,TG,LDL-C and increased fecal cholesterol efflux,as well as the lower inflammatory cytokine CRP,IL-6,TNF-α.It is suggested that the underlying mechanism of PS combined with n-6/n-3(2:1)PUFA promoting the fecal cholesterol efflux may be mediated by liver X receptorα/ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 pathway.

我国不同产地红仁核桃及其油脂营养成分的比较分析

为了促进红仁核桃的进一步开发利用及深加工产品研发,以我国山西、陕西、甘肃等7个产地的红仁核桃为原料,对其种仁的基本营养成分、矿质元素、V_(E),种皮酚类物质,及红仁核桃油的脂肪酸、甾醇、角鲨烯进行了测定与分析。结果表明:7个产地红仁核桃仁均含有大量的粗脂肪、粗蛋白质及总糖,含量分别为60.77~73.89、14.84~17.21、8.72~14.29 g/100 g;检测的8种矿质元素(K、Na、Ca、Mg、Fe、Cu、Zn、Se)中,含量最高的常量元素K和微量元素Fe均以山西省平顺县的红仁核桃仁最高;红仁核桃仁中平均总V_(E)含量为394.81 mg/kg,且均以γ-生育酚+β-生育三烯酚为主;陕西省商洛市八一基地的红仁核桃种皮中总酚含量最高,为462.23 mg/g;陕西省商洛市石门基地的红仁核桃种皮中总黄酮含量最高,为330.89 mg/g;山西省平顺县红仁核桃种皮中花色苷含量最高,为0.65 mg/g;7个产地的红仁核桃油共检出10种脂肪酸,以亚油酸、油酸、α-亚麻酸为主,其中云南省大理州、山西省平顺县的红仁核桃油中亚油酸含量较高;7个产地的红仁核桃油中平均总甾醇含量为231.94 mg/100 g,且均以谷甾醇为主,其中陕西省商洛市石门基地的红仁核桃油中谷甾醇含量最高,占比为72.08%;7个产地的红仁核桃油中平均角鲨烯含量为23.45 mg/kg,其中甘肃省成县红仁核桃油的角鲨烯含量最高,为37.34 mg/kg。综上,不同产地的红仁核桃及其油脂的营养成分含量具有一定的差异,但总体营养成分组成相同,其油脂中脂质伴随物的种类及含量较为丰富,具有较高的开发利用价值。

温胆汤对肥胖代谢相关基因B4 galt7、Sc5d启动子甲基化及表达的影响

目的 分析中医化痰名方温胆汤对肥胖腹腔脂肪组织代谢相关基因B4 galt7、Sc5d启动子区甲基化及表达的影响。方法 首先采用高脂饲料喂养构建肥胖大鼠模型,通过高、中、低不同剂量温胆汤干预肥胖大鼠,观察药物减重降脂的效应;然后采用Massarray技术检测B4Galt7、Sc5d基因启动子甲基化情况;再分别利用实时荧光定量RT-PCR技术、蛋白质印迹技术检测B4Galt7、Sc5d基因的表达情况,分析启动子区甲基化情况与表达间的关系。结果 (1)温胆汤的干预效果与药物浓度无明显剂量依赖关系,高、中剂量温胆汤对肥胖大鼠具有较好减轻体质量作用;温胆汤对改善肥胖大鼠的血脂中TG、TC、LDL-C水平有积极意义,尤其以高剂量组明显。(2)B4 galt7基因启动子区共检测到有31个位点发生甲基化改变。空白对照组与正常对照组比较平均甲基化程度上升,其中有24个位点甲基化程度上升。在此24个位点中,各药物组基本呈现与空白组相对的调控方向,即甲基化程度较空白对照组下降;Sc5d基因启动子区共检测到有37个位点发生甲基化改变。空白对照组与正常对照组比较平均甲基化程度下降,其中有20个位点甲基化程度下降。在此20个位点中,各药物组基本呈现与空白对照组相对的调控方向,即甲基化程度较空白对照组上升。(3)空白对照组与正常对照组相比B4Galt7 mRNA表达降低,但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);温胆汤干预后,各药物组表达低于空白对照组,但组间均无统计学差异(P>0.05);空白对照组与正常对照组相比Sc5d mRNA表达增高,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);温胆汤干预后,各药物组与空白对照组比较表达降低,其中药物中剂量组降低明显,具有统计学差异(P<0.05)。(4)空白对照组与正常对照组比较,B4Galt7、Sc5d蛋白表达升高明显(P<0.01)。温胆汤干预后,各药物组B4Galt7、Sc5d蛋白表达明显低于空白对照组,且差异存在统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论 温胆汤对B4Galt7基因启动子甲基化程度的影响均与其表达无明显关系,而对Sc5d基因启动子的甲基化的影响与其表达有相关性。

模拟胃液环境下谷维素清除亚硝酸钠及阻断亚硝胺的作用

为降低人体内亚硝胺类化合物含量,采用模拟胃液结合液质联用的方法研究谷维素清除亚硝酸钠及阻断亚硝胺的作用。结果表明:在模拟胃液条件下,谷维素能有效清除亚硝酸钠,且亚硝酸钠的清除率与谷维素液添加量呈正相关关系;在膳食样品中添加谷维素能有效降低N-亚硝基-N-乙基苯胺、N-亚硝基二乙基胺、N-亚硝基吡咯烷的含量,其阻断率分别为100%、100%和24.4%。谷维素在模拟胃液条件下能通过降低亚硝酸钠含量减少内源性亚硝胺合成的反应底物,从而阻断亚硝胺的合成。

内镜下乳头括约肌小切开联合球囊扩张治疗胆管结石患者的疗效及对血清CCK-A、SREBP-2水平的影响

【目的】探讨内镜下乳头括约肌小切开联合球囊扩张治疗胆管结石的疗效及对血清胆囊收缩素A型受体(CCK-A)、胆固醇调节元件结合蛋白2(SREBP-2)水平的影响。【方法】选取2019年1月至2023年12月本院收治的196例胆管结石患者,根据随机数字表法将其分为观察组和对照组,每组98例。对照组患者采用内镜下乳头括约肌切开术,观察组患者行内镜下乳头括约肌小切开联合球囊扩张术。比较两组手术时间、出血量、住院时间、下床时间、胃肠功能恢复时间,比较两组取石率、结石复发率及术后并发症发生率。【结果】观察组手术时间、住院时间、下床时间、胃肠功能恢复时间短于对照组,出血量少于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组一次取石成功率高于对照组(P<0.05),观察组机械碎石率、结石复发率低于对照组(P<0.05);观察组残余结石率与对照组比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。术后,两组患者CCK-A高于术前,SREBP-2低于术前;观察组术后CCK-A高于对照组,SREBP-2低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组术后并发症总发生率低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。【结论】内镜下乳头括约肌小切开联合球囊扩张术治疗胆管结石具有手术时间短、术后恢复快、术后胆囊功能恢复好、并发症少等优势。

海南10种市售灵芝水分及指标成分比较研究

目的:研究海南常见的10种市售灵芝质量差异,为地方药材标准起草奠定基础,为进一步开发灵芝提供参考。方法:购买海南常见的10种市售灵芝共30批,分别进行外观性状描述,再参考中国药典(2020版)灵芝标准项下的检验方法,适当优化后,测定灵芝中的水分、三萜和甾醇含量,作为评价灵芝质量的主要指标。结果:方法精密度RSD为1.9%,低、中、高浓度的加标回收率分别为96.4%、95.2%、98.3%,测定灵芝供试品,有1批水分超过17.0%,有4批三萜及甾醇含量低于0.50%。结论:中国药典标准只收录了紫芝和赤芝,其他市售灵芝品种起草标准时可参考药典标准适当修改限度范围。政府应加强监管,逐步规范灵芝市场,修订完善地方药材质量标准,以便于进一步开发和利用灵芝资源。

竹笋活性成分及其营养功能研究进展

竹笋是我国传统且常见植物,营养成分丰富,是一种天然绿色食品,其蛋白质含量较高,脂肪和糖分含量低,含有多种人体必需的微量元素、氨基酸及一些生物活性成分,如多糖、多酚、甾醇等化合物,具有滋阴清热、补脾益肺、清热化痰等功效。该文对竹笋生物活性成分进行综述,并总结竹笋活性成分在调节糖脂代谢、抗氧化、降血脂、抗炎等方面可能存在的机制,以期提高竹笋的资源利用率,为竹笋相关活性成分在食品工业中的应用提供更多的参考。