Super-harmonic resonance of gear transmission system under stick-slip vibration in high-speed train

This work deals with super-harmonic responses and the stabilities of a gear transmission system of a high-speed train under the stick-slip oscillation of the wheel-set.The dynamic model of the system is developed with consideration on the factors including the time-varying system stiffness,the transmission error,the tooth backlash and the self-excited excitation of the wheel-set.The frequency-response equation of the system at super-harmonic resonance is obtained by the multiple scales method,and the stabilities of the system are analyzed using the perturbation theory.Complex nonlinear behaviors of the system including multi-valued solutions,jump phenomenon,hardening stiffness are found.The effects of the equivalent damping and the loads of the system under the stick-slip oscillation are analyzed.It shows that the change of the load can obviously influence the resonance frequency of the system and have little effect on the steady-state response amplitude of the system.The damping of the system has a negative effect,opposite to the load.The synthetic damping of the system composed of meshing damping and equivalent damping may be less than zero when the wheel-set has a large slippage,and the system loses its stability owing to the Hopf bifurcation.Analytical results are validated by numerical simulations.

Observer-based State Feedback Control to Suppress Stick-slip Vibrations in Oil Well Drill-string

In drilling field, stick-slip vibrations of the drill-string are the main reason for the failure of the drilling system. To suppress the undesired stick-slip vibrations, an observer-based state feedback control method is proposed. The drilling system is described by a lumped parameter model including a Karnopp friction torque model. A state observer is designed to estimate the bit velocity in bottom hole and a state feedback controller is proposed to control the top drive velocity. By simulation, the performance of the control algorithm is demonstrated. Based on the control algorithm, a stick-slip vibration control system is developed. Test results show that the control system can effectively eliminate stick-slip vibrations of the drill-string and can be applied to the drilling field.

A Study of Effect of Various Normal Force Loading Forms on Frictional Stick-Slip Vibration

In this work,a comparative study is performed to investigate the influence of time-varying normal forces on the friction properties and friction-induced stick-slip vibration(FIV)by experimental and theoretical methods.In the experiments,constant and harmonic-varying normal forces are applied,respectively.The measured vibration signals under two loading forms are compared in both time and frequency domains.In addition,mathematical tools such as phase space reconstruction and Fourier spectra are used to reveal the science behind the complicated dynamic behavior.It can be found that the friction system shows steady stick-slip vibration,and the main frequency does not vary with the magnitude of the constant normal force,but the size of limit cycle increases with the magnitude of the constant normal force.In contrast,the friction system under the harmonic normal force shows complicated behavior,for example,higher-frequency larger-amplitude vibration occurs and looks chaotic as the frequency of the normal force increases.The interesting findings offer a new way for controlling FIV in engineering applications.

Research on Stick-Slip Vibration Suppression Method of Drill String Based on Machine Learning Optimization

During the drilling process,stick-slip vibration of the drill string is mainly caused by the nonlinear friction gen-erated by the contact between the drill bit and the rock.To eliminate the fatigue wear of downhole drilling tools caused by stick-slip vibrations,the Fractional-Order Proportional-Integral-Derivative(FOPID)controller is used to suppress stick-slip vibrations in the drill string.Although the FOPID controller can effectively suppress the drill string stick-slip vibration,its structure isflexible and parameter setting is complicated,so it needs to use the cor-responding machine learning algorithm for parameter optimization.Based on the principle of torsional vibration,a simplified model of multi-degree-of-freedom drill string is established and its block diagram is designed.The continuous nonlinear friction generated by cutting rock is described by the LuGre friction model.The adaptive learning strategy of genetic algorithm(GA),particle swarm optimization(PSO)and particle swarm optimization improved(IPSO)by arithmetic optimization(AOA)is used to optimize and adjust the controller parameters,and the drill string stick-slip vibration is suppressed to the greatest extent.The results show that:When slight drill string stick-slip vibration occurs,the FOPID controller optimized by machine learning algorithm has a good effect on suppressing drill string stick-slip vibration.However,the FOPID controller cannot get the drill string system which has fallen into serious stick-slip vibration(stuck pipe)out of trouble,and the machine learning algorithm is required to mark a large amount of data on adjacent Wells to train the model.Set a reasonable range of drilling parameters(weight on bit/drive torque)in advance to avoid severe stick-slip vibration(stuck pipe)in the drill string system.

Numerical Analysis of Dry Friction-Induced Vibration of Moving Slider-Elastic Annular Beam System

A disc-pad friction system is modelled as that two moving pads act symmetrically on an annular beam with flexible boundary condition.Simulation procedure is proposed to deal with the moving interactions and calculation is carried out by using the finite difference method,which shows that only the first-order mode vibration of the beam can be induced.Then the partial differential equation of motion of the disk is reduced to a first-order mode vibration system with time-varying stiffness.As the disk speed is decreased below the critical speeds,the relative equilibrium of the pad on the disk loses its stability and stick-slip type limit cycle vibrations are resulted in all directions′movements.Acceleration of the disk motion on the frictional instability is also investigated.The period of stick-slip vibration with large amplitude will be shortened with higher moving deceleration.

Effects of ramp vibrational states on flexural intrinsic vibrations inBesocke-style scanners

For both the vibrating and steady supporting surfaces of a scanning disk in a Besocke-style piezoelectric scanner, a theoretical model is given by considering the nonlinear lateral friction at the micro-contact interface between the positioning legs and the supporting surface. Numerical simulations demonstrate that unexpected flexural vibrations can arise from a vibrating ramp, and their frequencies are lower than the eigenfrequencies of the scanner in the linearly elastic regime. The vibrations essentially depend on 1） the vibrational states of the supporting ramp and the steel ball tips on the three piezo- electric positioning legs, and 2） the tribological characteristics of the contacts between the tips and the ramp. The results give an insight into the intrinsic vibrations of the scanners, and are applicable in designing and optimizing piezoelectric scanning systems.

An Improved Model to Characterize Drill-String Vibrations in Rotary Drilling Applications

A specific model is elaborated for stick-slip and bit-bounce vibrations,which are dangerous dynamic phenomena typically encountered in the context of rotary drilling applications.Such a model takes into account two coupled degrees of freedom of drill-string vibrations.Moreover,it assumes a state-dependent time delay and a viscous damping for both the axial and torsional vibrations and relies on a sawtooth function to account for the cutting force fluctuation.In the frame of this theoretical approach,the influence of rock brittleness on the stability of the drill string is calculated via direct integration of the model equations.The results show that the rock brittleness has a great influence on the rotational speed and bit depth.

Suppressing friction-induced stick-slip vibration through a linear PZT-based absorber and energy harvester

In this paper,a PZT(lead zirconate titanate)-based absorber and energy harvester(PAEH)is used for passive control of friction-induced stick-slip vibration in a friction system.Its stability condition coupled with PAEH is analytically derived,whose efficiency is then demonstrated by numerical simulation.The results show that the structural parameters of the PAEH can significantly affect the system stability,which increases with the mass ratio between the PAEH and the primary system,but first increases and then decreases with the natural frequency ratio between the PAEH and the primary system.The impacts of the electric parameters of the PAEH on the system stability are found to be insignificant.In addition,the PAEH can effectively suppress the stick-slip limit cycle magnitude in a wide working parameter range;however,it does not function well for friction systems in all the working conditions.The stick-slip vibration amplitude can be increased in the case of a large loading(normal)force.Finally,an experiment on a tribo-dynamometer validates the findings of the theoretical study,in which the vibration reduction and energy harvesting performance of the PAEH is fully demonstrated.

Study of the influences of rotary table speed on stick-slip vibration of the drilling system

Stick-slip vibration presents one of the major causes of drilling problems,such as premature tool failures,low drilling efficiency and poor wellbore quality.The objective of this work is to investigate the influences of rotary table speed(RTS)on stick-slip phenomenon of the drilling system.In this study,the drilling system is treated as a lumped torsional pendulum model of which the bit/rock interaction is regarded as Coulomb friction.By analyzing cases with different RTS,two types of vibrations on the bit are found:stick-slip vibration and uniform motion.With an increase in the RTS,the stick-slip vibration on the drill bit disappears once the RTS arrives at its critical value.For the cases that stick-slip vibrations occur,the phase trajectories converge toward a limit cycle.For the cases that stick-slip vibration does not appear,the drill bit tends to stabilize at a uniform motion and the phase trajectories correspond to contracting spirals observed in the phase plane.

On the formation of limit cycle of the friction-induced stick-slip vibration in oilwell drillstring

In this paper,the stick-slip vibration in oilwell drillstring is studied.The drilling system is modelled as a lumped-parameter torsional pendulum and the interaction between the drill bit and the rock is treated as Coulomb friction.Equation of motion of the drill bit is established and the dynamic responses of the drill bit are obtained.A drilling system with the drillstring length 3000 m is analysed,in which the system parameters are selected by reference to the actual drilling situation.After the slip vibrations in the initial stage,final state of the drill bit is a stable stick-slip vibration of which the limit cycle is a closed loop.In order to find the stability of the limit cycle corresponds to the periodically stick-slip vibration,different initial conditions for the drill bit are studied.Results show that the drill bit will lead to a periodic motion and the phase trajectories ultimately converge to the same limit cycle corresponds to stable stick-slip vibration.

Investigation into the effect of friction decay factor on the modelling and attenuation of stick-slip vibrations of oilwell drilling systems

The self-excited stick-slip oscillations of oilwell drillstrings are attributed to the nonlinear interaction between the drill-bit and the rock formation.Development of more accurate models will lead to improved predictions allowing more potential for successful suppression of the drillstring vibrations,thus reducing damage to the drilling system,prevention of expensive failures and increased output from the oilwell.In this paper,the effect of the transition from static friction to Coulomb friction on modelling of stick-slip phenomenon of oil well drill string is investigated through an analysis of the so called‘decay factor’.Based on a distributed-lumped parameter model(DLPM)of the drilling system,the governing equations of motion for the system are obtained.By using different values of decay factor(low,high and medium),the stick-slip vibrations of the drill string are validated against published data from full-scale drill strings.The results from the simulation show that lowering the decay factor increases the critical speed and thus reduces the propensity for stick slip motion.However,a reduction in the decay factor also has the effect of inducing worse stick-slip motion once the critical speed has been reached.The results indicate the wider impact of both correct modelling of the decay factor,but also the importance of correct characterisation of the mud viscosity and drill/well contact for more accurate selection of drilling parameters in the field.

声频振动钻机液压系统设计与研究

声频振动钻进技术是一种新型、高效的沉积层钻进技术。基于虚拟样机技术设计了声频振动钻机总体设计方案,在此基础上开发了液压驱动系统,并对该系统的基本结构、工作原理进行详细分析。制造了该钻机的实物样机,对钻机液压系统进行现场测试,为声频振动钻进技术与声频振动设备的开发提供了参考。

振动钻削应用技术研究

阐述了振动钻削的加工机理及其优良的工艺效果。振动钻削与普通钻削的对比实验表明:振动钻削在钻削难加工材料和难加工结构孔时较普通钻削的工艺效果得到了显著提高,振动钻削技术具有较高的应用价值。

铁矿掘进工某些血管内皮活性物质的变化

目的 探讨铁矿掘进工血管内皮素（ET）、血栓素B2（TXB2）、6-酮-前列腺素F1α（6-keto-PGF1α）的变化。方法 选择某铁矿57名井下掘进工，按累计接触振动（简称接振）时间分为A（≤5000h）、B（5001—10000h）、C（〉10000h）3个接振组，另选该铁矿非接振工人19名为对照组；用放射免疫方法测定每组血浆ET、TXB2、6-keto-PGF1α水平。结果 3个接振组的ET均高于对照组（P〈0．05），B和C组高于A组（P〈0．05）；3个接振组的TXB2均高于对照组（P〈0．05），B和C组高于A组（P〈0．05）；B和C组的6-keto-PGF1α低于对照组和A组（P〈0．05）。结论 铁矿掘进工的血浆ET、TXB2增高，6-keto-PGF1α降低，可能与其接触局部振动有关。

不同比例阀抑制潜孔钻机变幅系统液压冲击特性分析

潜孔钻机变幅机构液控系统在主控阀换向过程中会产生较大的冲击与振动。为降低潜孔钻机变幅机构液控系统换向时的冲击,采用旋转比例阀对其进行控制。分析旋转比例阀与普通比例阀的区别,建立旋转比例阀的控制模型;分别采用普通比例阀和旋转比例阀对潜孔钻机的变幅系统进行控制,对比普通比例阀和旋转比例阀的控制特性。结果表明:采用旋转比例阀可有效抑制动臂举升油缸在换向时进油腔的压力冲击,使潜孔钻机变幅系统工作时更加平稳。

螺旋钻机回转液压系统冲击控制特性分析

螺旋钻机回转系统在换向过程中会产生较大的冲击与振动。为了降低螺旋钻机回转系统在换向时的冲击,采取减小换向瞬间节流阀芯开口面积的方法,推导了单节、双节U形节流阀芯不同位移时阀口的通流面积公式。加工了单节、双节U形节流阀芯,并将其应用于螺旋钻机的回转冲击试验。实验结果表明,采用双节U形节流阀芯,可以有效减小回转马达换向时进油腔的最高冲击压力和压力波动幅值,使螺旋钻机回转换向过程更平稳。

利用电气阻尼抑制双环调速系统轴扭振机理

通常认为机械轴是刚体,实际上都有弹性,要扭转一定角度才能传递转矩。若其弹性变形不可忽略,轴系变成一个振荡环节,有可能导致扭振,曾引发许多电机轴系损坏重大事故。双环调速系统常用的抑制方法是在转速环中插入陷波滤波器,有效果,但较难调。建议通过控制电机转矩引入电气阻尼来抑制扭振,介绍了其原理,指出双环调速系统本身能通过转速反馈引入电气阻尼,使之具有一定抑制能力。介绍了2种进一步加强电气阻尼的方法:增设转速微分环节和负荷观测器。油气钻机在钻井时常发生黏滑振荡,是一种因钻头在从静摩擦过渡到动摩擦时阻转矩突变激发的钻杆弹性扭曲振荡,危害很大。它也属弹性机械轴(钻杆)扭振,也可通过引入电气阻尼来抑制。因其振荡频率特别低(<1 Hz)及振荡时电机转速波动非常小,实现方法有所不同。

Characteristics and Mechanism of Scrooping Sound of Silk

In this study a measurement instrument of scrooping sound has been develope.Thefollowing results were obtained by means of measurement and analysis for the frequencyspetrums of scrooping sound of silk : 1 The scrooping vibration is mainly composed of S- S( stick-slip vibration) ,F- V(free damping vibration) and S- C( characteristic high frequency vibration) vibrations. 2 The scrooping sound of silk mainly depends on F- V and S- S vibrations and be-longs to lower frequency sound,while the effect of S- C vibration is limited. 3 The wave and the vibration equations as well as some fromulas of relative physicalproperties have been established on the discussion about the stick- slip vibration. 4 The critical condition producing stick- slip vibration is( μs- μd)】 0.

机械激振式露天钻机

国产的 KQ 型、YQ 型、LQ 型等所有露天钻机的冲击部件,都是采用气动潜孔冲击器,它的致命弱点是效率低、使用寿命短、凿岩速度慢.本文提出在国产露天钻机的基础上略加改造,并用机械激振器代替气动潜孔冲击器,可使冲击频率、冲击功、凿岩速度及使用寿命大幅度提高.