Charactering the spoilage mechanism of"three sticks"of Jinhua ham

To investigate the spoilage characteristics of Jinhua ham,sensory scores,volatile compounds,biogenic amine,physicochemical parameters and microbial counts were evaluated between normal and spoiled hams.The results showed that off-odors of spoiled hams were dominated by rancid,sour,sulfide and ammonia odors derived from these compounds including butanoic acid,methanethiol and dimethyl disulfide.Total content of biogenic amine in spoiled hams was significantly higher(more than 10-fold)compared with normal hams,and putrescine,cadaverine and histamine were the key components of biogenic amine of spoiled hams.Lower salt content,and higher moisture,TVB-N and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances(TBARS)values were observed in spoiled hams compared with normal hams.The populations of Enterobacteriaceae and Enterococcus of spoiled hams were obviously higher than that of normal hams.High moisture and low salt content caused the abnormal growth of Enterobacteriaceae and Enterococcus in spoiled hams,which contributed to the spoilage of Jinhua ham.

Chemical control of Apriona germari(Hope) larvae with zinc phosphide sticks

Larvae of Apriona germari （Hope）, found widely in China, cause serious damage to trees and are difficult to control. Since some biological control methods have not been applied effectively in the field, chemical control methods are used widely. Because of low cost, no poisonous residues and relatively safe application, zinc phosphide sticks have been tested to control the larvae as a matter of urgency. However, there were no criteria about the dosage and use. Given the characteristics of larvae tunnels on triploid Populus tomentosa trees and the one-on-one way of using poison-fumigated sticks, the larvae were treated by three treatments with zinc phosphide sticks. The treatments are as follows： inserting one stick into the first hole of the tunnel from bottom to top （T1）, inserting a stick into each of the lowest two holes （T2） and inserting one stick into the first and third hole from bottom to top separately （T3）. We cleared the frass around the holes and on the ground before inserting the sticks and blocking every hole with mud for each treatment. After the fourth investigation was carried out, the larvae of CK were still active, and had caused serious damage and emanated fresh fi＇ass from old and new holes. Some larvae treated with T1 and T2 were in an intermediate state, but all of the larvae treated with T3 died completely and their old holes had healed. The results show that inserting zinc phosphide sticks （the extent of dispersion of the sticks was 20%） is a feasible method to control A. germari （Hope） larvae in triploid P. tomentosa of pulpwood trees. Because there were no statistically significant differences （p 〉 0.05） among the three treatments, we recommend that T1 should be used for economic efficacy.

Antibacterial Activities of <i>Psidium guajava</i>(Guava) and <i>Velvet tamarin</i>(Icheku) Local Chewing Sticks on <i>Streptococcus mutans</i>Isolated from Human Mouth

Globally dental diseases are mainly caused by Streptococcus mutans, it is one of the leading causative agents of dental caries worldwide, because of its resistance to conventional antibacterial agents, alternative therapies are used to control resistance of oral pathogens. This research was done to determine the antibacterial activities of Psidium guajava (guava) and Velvet tamarin (Icheku) chewing sticks on Streptococcus mutans isolated from the oral cavity. The study was conducted in Owerri Imo State Nigeria during November-December period. Phytochemical analysis of the plant extracts was done using appropriate techniques. The procedure used for antimicrobial susceptibility test was disk diffusion method. Serial dilutions of Psidium guajava (guava) and Velvet tamarind (Icheku) extracts were prepared, Muller-Hinton media was used to put together the extract of serial dilutions of Psidium guajava (guava) and Velvet tamarin (Icheku) and a microbiological procedure were used for visually determining the minimum inhibitory concentration as well as minimum bactericidal concentration. Phytochemical evaluation of the plants’ extracts revealed that it contains saponins, tannins, alkaloid, steriods, glycosides and phenol. The results obtained from the antibacterial susceptibility testing of the extracts against Streptococcus mutans showed that the zones of inhibition recorded ranged from 18 mm to 27 mm. Ethanol (Soxhlet) extract of Icheku twig showed no zone of inhibition on the isolated organism. The ethanol (soxhlet) extract of the individual Psidium guajava (guava) and Velvet tamarin (Icheku) has a better antibacterial effect when compared to their aqueous extracts and combined forms. Psidium guajava (Guava) and Velvet tamarin (Icheku) twigs are made up of composite that is active against S. mutans and can be used in oral hygiene. There is a need for further investigation on the plant extracts as the rural poor make use of it because it is cheap, readily available and the rich also use it once they are in the village mostly in Eastern Nigeria. Similarly chewing sticks has been reported to be practiced by 90 of rural population in Nigeria.

The Past and Present of Chopsticks

Authored by a senior curator at the National Museum of China,this book is based on the Ancient Chinese Dietary Culture Exhibition designed and carried out by the museum.It deeply explores historical documents and uses artifacts as the narrative thread,outlining the development of Chinese dietary culture over millennia.It elucidates ancient Chinese dietary culture from various angles,presenting a vivid and Lively depiction of this aspect of ancient Chinese life in clearand simple language.

Effect of titanium on the sticking of pellets based on hydrogen metallurgy shaft furnace:Behavior analysis and mechanism evolution

Direct reduction based on hydrogen metallurgical gas-based shaft furnace is a promising technology for the efficient and low-carbon smelting of vanadium-titanium magnetite.However,in this process,the sticking of pellets occurs due to the aggregation of metal-lic iron between the contact surfaces of adjacent pellets and has a serious negative effect on the continuous operation.This paper presents a detailed experimental study of the effect of TiO2 on the sticking behavior of pellets during direct reduction under different conditions.Results showed that the sticking index(SI)decreased linearly with the increasing TiO2 addition.This phenomenon can be attributed to the increase in unreduced FeTiO3 during reduction,leading to a decrease in the number and strength of metallic iron interconnections at the sticking interface.When the TiO2 addition amount was raised from 0 to 15wt%at 1100°C,the SI also increased from 0.71%to 59.91%.The connection of the slag phase could be attributed to the sticking at a low reduction temperature,corresponding to the low sticking strength.Moreover,the interconnection of metallic iron became the dominant factor,and the SI increased sharply with the increase in re-duction temperature.TiO2 had a greater effect on SI at a high reduction temperature than at a low reduction temperature.

探索中国美食之旅

1 When I was about to go to China,I was so fasci⁃nated that I completely forgot about the food I would be eating during my stay.It wasnt until my Chinese friend brought out chopsticks and told me to practise using them that I realized how difficult it was.My friend laughed,but I had so many questions in my mind.Why dont the Chinese have proper cutlery(餐具)?I had never seen Chinese people using spoons in movies,only chopsticks.I mentally prepared myself for the chopstick journey ahead.

STYX A Game of Pickup Sticks

Envisaged as a sort of‘international house of skewers’,STYX is a charismatic little restau・rant inside Yong Ping Li,a redeveloped complex on Hengshan Lu that's also home to such luminaries as Colca,Crafted and La Bodeguita del Medio.

Modeling and simulation of solvent behavior and temperature distribution within long stick propellants with large web thickness undergoing drying

Drying is a complicated physical process which involves simultaneous heat and mass transfer in the removal of solvents inside propellants.Inappropriate drying techniques may result in the formation of a hard skin layer near the surface to block the free access of most solvent through for long stick propellants with large web thickness,which lead to lower drying efficiency and worse drying quality.This study aims to gain a comprehensive understanding of drying process and clarify the mechanism of the blocked layer near the propellant surface.A new three-dimensional coupled heat and mass transfer(3D-CHMT)model was successfully developed under transient conditions.The drying experiment results show that the 3DCHMT model could be applied to describe the drying process well since the relative error of the content of solvent between simulation and experiment values is only 5.5%.The solvent behavior simulation demonstrates that the mass transfer process can be divided into super-fast(SF)and subsequent minorfast(MF)stages,and the SF stage is vital to the prevention of the blocked layer against the free access for solvent molecules inside propellant grains.The effective solvent diffusion coefficient(Deff)of the propellant surface initially increases from 3.4×10^(-6)to 5.3×10^(-6)m^(2)/s as the temperature increases,and then decreases to 4.1×10^(-8)m^(2)/s at 60-100 min.The value of Deffof surface between 0-1.4 mm has a unique trend of change compared with other regions,and it is much lower than that of the internal at100 min under simulation conditions.Meanwhile,the temperature of the propellant surface increases rapidly at the SF stage(0-100 min)and then very slowly thereafter.Both the evolution of Deffand temperature distribution demonstrate that the blocked layer near the propellant surface has been formed in the time period of approximately 0-100 min and its thickness is about 1.4 mm.To mitigate the formation of blocked layer and improve its drying quality of finial propellant products effectively,it should be initially dried at lower drying temperature(30-40℃)in 0-100 min and then dried at higher drying temperature(50-60℃)to reduce drying time for later drying process in double base gun propellants.The present results can provide theoretical guidance for drying process and optimization of drying parameters for long stick propellants with large web thickness.

闭合复位内固定联合joy stick操纵杆技术治疗儿童难复性肱骨髁上骨折效果观察

目的观察闭合复位内固定联合joy stick操纵杆技术治疗儿童难复性肱骨髁上骨折的临床效果。方法选择因“肘关节外伤后肿痛伴活动受限”入院患儿4例,均诊断为GartlandⅢ型肱骨髁上骨折,均采用闭合复位内固定联合joy stick操纵杆技术治疗。结果4例患儿均获得满意复位,无一例转为切开复位,平均手术时间66 min,住院时间均<5 d。出院后规律复查换药,1月后均恢复良好,骨折线对位满意,未出现感染等短期并发症,拔除克氏针。结论Joy stick操纵杆技术不仅可以更加准确地控制肱骨轴的旋转,还能更快地获得复位和维持复位,进针顺利,手术时间短,减少转为切开复位,降低手术难度,且未增加围手术期并发症。

Analysis of a Strong-Inhibition Polyamine Drilling Fluid

Drilling technologies based on oil-based drillingfluids and strong inhibitory saltwaterfluids are affected by draw-backs such as downhole accidents where sticking and wellbore instabilities occur.Existing polyamine drillingfluids also exhibit problems such as easy decomposition and poor inhibition performances.In order to mitigate these issues,additives can be used,such as polyamine inhibitors and the synthesis of nanometerfiltrate reducers.Tests conducted in the frame of this study with a polyamine drillingfluid and such additives show that thisfluid has the same inhibitory,plugging,lubricating,and wellbore-stability performances as oil-based drillingfluids.However,it has long-term anti-wear performances even better than those of oil-based drillingfluids.The out-comes of a series of comparisons with other sample cases(other wells)are reported and the advantages related to the proposedfluid discussed in detail.

An Artificial Intelligence Algorithm for the Real-Time Early Detection of Sticking Phenomena in Horizontal Shale Gas Wells

Sticking is the most serious cause of failure in complex drilling operations.In the present work a novel“early warning”method based on an artificial intelligence algorithm is proposed to overcome some of the known pro-blems associated with existing sticking-identification technologies.The method is tested against a practical case study(Southern Sichuan shale gas drilling operations).It is shown that the twelve sets of sticking fault diagnostic results obtained from a simulation are all consistent with the actual downhole state;furthermore,the results from four groups of verification samples are also consistent with the actual downhole state.This shows that the pro-posed training-based model can effectively be applied to practical situations.

Meta-analysis of the acupoint application therapy for stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Objective:To systematically evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of acupoint application in the treatment of stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.Methods:A comprehensive search of domestic and international databases,the search time is limited to nearly ten years,collecting traditional Chinese medicine acupoint application in the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in stable phase of randomized controlled trials.Literature screening,information extraction and literature quality evaluation were carried out independently by two researchers,and Meta analysis was carried out by Revman software.Results:A total of 42 RCTs with a total of 4192 patients were included.The results of Meta analysis showed that:Compared with the routine treatment of western medicine,the addition of acupoint application therapy can significantly increase the effective rate[RR=1.23,95%CI(1.19,1.27),P<0.00001]and FEV1/FVC[MD=4.46,95%CI(3.17,5.76),P<0.00001].Significantly improved BODE index[MD=-0.63,95%CI(-0.87,-0.40),P<0.00001],SGRQ score[MD=-6.77,95%CI(-9.81,-3.72),P<0.00001],CAT score[MD=-3.33,95%CI(-3.87,-2.79),P<0.00001]and TCM syndrome integral[MD=-3.51,95%CI(-3.96,-3.06),P<0.00001].The differences is statistically significant and the safety profile is good.Conclusion:On the basis of routine treatment of COPD western medicine,acupoint application therapy can significantly improve the clinical symptoms of patients with less adverse reactions.However,due to the limitations of the research,high-quality research is still needed to provide further evidence.

Description of Four New Species for the Genus Damasippus Stål, 1875 (Phasmida: Prisopodidae)

During the review and identification of specimens of the genus Damasippus Stål, 1875 deposited in the National Museum of Costa Rica, some specimens were found that corresponded to four non-described species: D. sepia n.sp., D. viridicorpus n.sp, D. duoviridis n.sp and D. viridilabrum n. sp. Due to the above, a review of the literature describing the species of this group was carried out, with which an illustrated dichotomous key was developed to identify the 16 species, in addition to a partial phylogenetic analysis to corroborate that they do not correspond to the species D. fuscipes, due to its morphological similarity.

帕金森病与血管性帕金森综合征嗅觉功能改变的研究

目的研究帕金森病(PD)与血管性帕金森综合征(VP)的嗅觉功能改变及其影响因素,探讨Sniffin’Sticks方法(SST)嗅觉功能检查在PD诊断和鉴别诊断中的应用价值。方法选取2015年3~12月在南通大学第二附属医院就诊的PD、VP患者及性别、年龄匹配的同期体检正常对照者(HC组)各40例。采用SST检查方法分别评价PD、VP、HC三组受检者的嗅觉阈值(OT)、嗅觉辨别阈值(OD)、嗅觉识别阈值(OI)及三项得分之和(TDI)总分,比较三组受检者间嗅觉功能的差异,并评估其嗅觉功能与年龄、性别、简易精神状态量表(MMSE)、病程、H-Y分级、统一帕金森病评定量表(UPDRS-Ⅲ)等变量的相关性。应用受试者工作特征曲线(ROC)评价TDI在PD诊断中的价值。结果 PD、VP、HC三组受检者间基线资料比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);PD组嗅觉障碍发生率为92.5%,显著高于VP组(37.5%)及HC组(35.0%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);PD、VP、HC三组受检者的TDI总分分别为(20.07±4.45)分、(30.53±5.90)分和(31.00±4.99)分,PD组TDI总分明显低于HC组和VP组(P<0.05),而VP组与HC组间比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);HC组TDI总分与年龄呈负相关(r=-0.987,P<0.05),与MMSE呈正相关(r=0.866,P<0.05);PD组TDI总分与病程呈负相关(r=-0.484,P<0.05),与MMSE呈正相关(r=0.618,P<0.05),与性别、年龄、H-Y分级及UPDRS-Ⅲ评分无关;VP组TDI总分与年龄、病程、H-Y分级均呈负相关(分别为r=-0.989,P<0.05;r=-0.770,P<0.05;r=-0.353,P<0.05),与MMSE呈正相关(r=0.838,P<0.05),与性别、UPDRS-Ⅲ评分无关;区分PD组和HC组时TDI总分曲线下面积(AUC)为0.944,临界值为23.313,灵敏度为82.5%,特异度为97.5%;区分PD组和VP组时,TDI总分AUC为0.911,临界值为23.563,灵敏度为87.5%,特异度为82.5%。结论 SST嗅觉检测方法临床应用简单、结果可靠、可操作性强;PD存在较为显著的嗅觉障碍,VP嗅觉功能与HC比较无显著差异;使用SST能够为PD的诊断和鉴别诊断提供重要的参考信息。

基于改进GAC模型的二值水平集前列腺超声图像自动分割算法

提出了一种基于改进测地线主动轮廓(geodesic active contour,GAC)的自动分割算法.首先通过结合径向浅浮槽和区域填充算法得到滤波后图像的大致轮廓,然后通过构造基于区域信息的符号压力函数代替边界停止函数,并且加入了基于边界梯度信息的能量项,有效地克服了弱边界的问题.该模型用二值水平集方法实现,使算法的稳定性更高,计算量大大降低.对前列腺直肠超声图像的实验结果表明:本算法迭代收敛速度快,有效避免了边界泄露问题.

一种基于水平集的前列腺超声图像A动分割算法

由于超声图像存在着斑点噪声和较低的信噪比，使得传统的分割算法很难应用于超声图像的自动分割，而手工分割方法非常耗时且重复性差。因此提出了一种基于水平集和改进径向浅浮槽算法（RBR，radical bas—relief）的前列腺直肠超声（TRUS）图像全自动分割算法。首先使用Sticks滤波器来去除斑点噪声，并且增强图像的对比度。然后使用径向浅浮槽算法来对图像进一步增强，通过使用形态学算法和边界填充得到前列腺的初始轮廓，使用该轮廓来初始化水平集算法，从而实现全自动分割。实验结果表明，该方法能有效地去除斑点噪声的影响，并且能够对前列腺超声图像实现较好的分割效果。

嗅觉主观评价方法临床应用分析

目的:比较嗅觉测试方法中的四种主观评价方法的临床稳定性及一致性。方法:选择40例门诊患者,进行嗅觉测试,并对结果进行对比分析。测试方法有简单测试法、UPSIT、Sniffin Sticks测试、T&T嗅觉计定量检查法等四种。结果:四种测试方法的稳定性对比达到了85%,并且UPSIT测试还可以鉴别伪嗅障。结论:嗅觉的这四种主观评价方法是可靠的、稳定的。

咽喉反流对嗅觉功能的影响

目的研究咽喉反流(LPR)对嗅觉功能的影响。方法选取我院2017年1月~2018年5月门诊确诊的LPR患者50例作为LPR组,选取年龄、性别构成比相匹配的无吸烟、饮酒史健康志愿者50例作为对照组。所有入选者均行嗅觉功能测试、RSI和RFS量表评分、鼻内镜检查及Lund-Kennedy评分。对比2组患者的嗅觉功能和Lund-Kennedy评分,分析LPR患者RSI和RFS量表评分、鼻内镜下Lund-Kennedy评分与嗅觉功能的相关性。结果Sniffin’Sticks试验3项测试中,LPR组的气味阈值得分、气味辨别得分、气味识别得分和嗅觉总分(TDI)均低于健康对照组(P值均<0.05)。LPR患者症状中,痰多或涕后流评分与Sniffin’Sticks试验中的气味阈值、气味识别、TDI值呈负相关(P值均<0.05);反酸、胃灼热评分与气味阈值、气味辨别、TDI值呈负相关(P值均<0.05)。LPR患者体征中,喉水肿评分与TDI值呈负相关(P<0.05);喉黏膜增厚评分与气味阈值、TDI值呈负相关(P值均<0.05)。LPR组Lund-Kennedy评分高于对照组(P<0.05),Lund-Kennedy评分与嗅觉评分TDI值呈负相关(P<0.05)。结论LPR可导致患者嗅觉功能降低,在气味阈值、气味辨别、气味识别上均低于同龄正常人群。

供需中的Hockey-stick现象分析及对策研究

许多公司的产品需求在连续而固定的周期会出现前低后高,即 Hockey-stick 现象,这种现象普遍存在于供应链之中并困扰着许多的企业管理者.不认为其产生的原因是公司对销售人员的周期性考评的传统观点,并以快速消费品行业为背景,通过建立模型,得出了这种现象主要是公司普遍采用的总量折扣(Volume Discounts)价格政策导致的结论,并提出了公司可以通过多产品组合定价等方法缓和这个问题,最后通过一个实例证实了文章的观点.