ON THE STABILITY ANALYSIS OF PLATES AND SHELLS USING A QUADRILATERAL,16-DEGREES OF FREEDOM PLAT SHELL ELEMENT DKQ16

The linear buckling problems of plates and shells were analysed using a recently developped quadrilateral,16-degrees of freedom flat shell element (called DKQ16).The geometrical stiffness matrix was established.Comparison of the numerical results for several typical problems shows that the DKQ16 element has a very good precision for the linear buckling problems of plates and shells.

B-Spline Wavelet on Interval Finite Element Method for Static and Vibration Analysis of Stiffened Flexible Thin Plate

A new wavelet finite element method(WFEM)is constructed in this paper and two elements for bending and free vibration problems of a stiffened plate are analyzed.By means of generalized potential energy function and virtual work principle,the formulations of the bending and free vibration problems of the stiffened plate are derived separately.Then,the scaling functions of the B-spline wavelet on the interval(BSWI)are introduced to discrete the solving field variables instead of conventional polynomial interpolation.Finally,the corresponding two problems can be resolved following the traditional finite element frame.There are some advantages of the constructed elements in structural analysis.Due to the excellent features of the wavelet,such as multi-scale and localization characteristics,and the excellent numerical approximation property of the BSWI,the precise and efficient analysis can be achieved.Besides,transformation matrix is used to translate the meaningless wavelet coefficients into physical space,thus the resolving process is simplified.In order to verify the superiority of the constructed method in stiffened plate analysis,several numerical examples are given in the end.

Stochastic Finite Element Analysis of Plate and Shell Construction

The response of random plate and shell construction is analyzed with the stochastic finite element method (SFEM). Random material properties and geometric dimensions of construction are involved in this paper. A simplified isoparametric local average model is used to describe the random field. Numerical results of the examples indicate that the approach presented herein is an economical and efficient solution for such an analysis compared with Monte Carlo simulation (MCS).

Three-Dimensional Thermo-Elastic-Plastic Finite Element Method Modeling for Predicting Weld-Induced Residual Stresses and Distortions in Steel Stiffened-Plate Structures

The objective of the present paper is to develop nonlinear finite element method models for predicting the weld-induced initial deflection and residual stress of plating in steel stiffened-plate structures. For this purpose, three-dimensional thermo-elastic-plastic finite element method computations are performed with varying plate thickness and weld bead length (leg length) in welded plate panels, the latter being associated with weld heat input. The finite element models are verified by a comparison with experimental database which was obtained by the authors in separate studies with full scale measurements. It is concluded that the nonlinear finite element method models developed in the present paper are very accurate in terms of predicting the weld-induced initial imperfections of steel stiffened plate structures. Details of the numerical computations together with test database are documented.

THE LAYOUT OPTIMIZATION OF STIFFENERS FOR PLATE-SHELL STRUCTURES

The plate-shell structures with stiffeners are widely used in a broad range of engineering structures. This study presents the layout optimization of stiffeners. The minimum weight of stiffeners is taken as the objective function with the global stiffness constraint. In the layout optimization, the stiffeners should be placed at the locations with high strain energy/or stress. Conversely, elements of stiffeners with a small strain energy/or stress are considered to be used inefficiently and can be removed. Thus, to identify the element efficiency so that most inefficiently used elements of stiffeners can be removed, the element sensitivity of the strain energy of stiffeners is introduced, and a search criterion for locations of stiffeners is presented. The layout optimization approach is given for determining which elements of the stiffeners need to be kept or removed. In each iterative design, a high efficiency reanalysis approach is used to reduce the computational effort. The present approach is implemented for the layout optimization of stiffeners for a bunker loaded by the hydrostatic pressure. The numerical results show that the present approach is effective for dealing with layout optimization of stiffeners for plate-shell structures.

CONSTRUCTION OF WAVELET-BASED ELEMENTS FOR STATIC AND STABILITY ANALYSIS OF ELASTIC PROBLEMS

Two kinds of wavelet-based elements have been constructed to analyze the stability of plates and shells and the static displacement of 3D elastic problems.The scaling functions of B-spline wavelet on the interval（BSWI） are employed as interpolating functions to construct plate and shell elements for stability analysis and 3D elastic elements for static mechanics analysis.The main advantages of BSWI scaling functions are the accuracy of B-spline functions approximation and various wavelet-based elements for structural analysis.The performances of the present elements are demonstrated by typical numerical examples.

新型空心管状翼缘钢板组合梁设计理念与力学性能

工字钢组合梁桥正朝着少主梁、精简横向联系的方向发展。与传统多主梁复杂横向联系组合梁桥相比,双主梁桥由于采用了开口截面的结构形式,极大地削弱了其抗扭能力,在偏载作用下会产生较大的变形及翘曲应力,使钢主梁处于弯扭耦合的受力状态。空心管状翼缘钢板组合梁采用空心钢管取代传统的平板上翼缘,提升了稳定性,改善了结构性能。本文通过理论分析和实体有限元法的计算,研究了单梁在自重与横向风荷载作用下的稳定性;对非组合截面的组合体系下的稳定性能进行了分析与比较,并分离出扭转翘曲应力和纵向正应力,研究了不同跨径下扭转效应的影响。最后,对横向联系、加劲肋的影响进行了分析。研究结果表明,空心管状翼缘钢板组合梁桥扭转刚度大于传统工字形截面组合梁扭转刚度,自身横向稳定性好,并且需要较少的横向联系与加劲肋,可实现单梁吊装,避免采用过多临时加固及支撑措施,提高施工效率。

异形单层网壳结构的整体稳定性研究及关键节点分析

单层网壳结构属于缺陷敏感结构,整体稳定问题是结构设计的关键.单层网壳结构可以采用空间相贯节点,有必要对节点进行三维实体有限元分析,在此基础上研究节点的力学性能.本文总结了单层网壳结构整体稳定分析的方法,归纳了空间相贯节点三维实体有限元分析方法;针对异形单层网壳结构,研究了结构的静力性能、结构网格与建筑形状对结构承载能力的影响,确定了结构的弹性稳定承载力和弹塑性稳定承载力;对空间相贯节点进行了有限元分析,得到节点处应力的分布情况,并研究了节点隐蔽部位有无焊缝对节点力学性能的影响.结果表明:异形单层网壳的曲率变化和结构网格对关键部位处杆件受力影响较大;稳定承载力对单层网壳结构起控制作用,对此异形单层网壳进行弹塑性稳定分析,结构安全系数达到24;隐蔽部位焊缝对节点承载力的影响较大,设置隐蔽部位焊缝后,节点处各杆件的最大应力可减小20%以上.

A Kind of Super-parametric Finite Element for Geometric Nonlinear Analysis of Plates and Shells

A new kind of super parametric finite elements for geometric nonlinear analysis of plates and shells is presented.Besides the nodes on the middle surface, additional virtual nodes are used to determine the normal to the middle surface.There are three displacement d.o.f.for each node of the element, and two transverse shear strains are taken as additional independent d.o.f.for each node on the middle surface.Therefore, the element is suitable for large rotation analysis of plates and shells. It can also be easily applied to the analysis of laminated and sandwich shells and plates.Numerical examples are given to show the accuracy and efficiency of the element.

考虑局部屈曲加劲钢箱形构件极限承载力的纤维梁柱模型

大型桥梁加劲钢箱形构件的极限承载力会受到板件局部稳定性能的影响,而目前尚缺乏成熟的可直接计入局部屈曲的高效计算模型。归纳总结国内外钢构件计算方法对局部屈曲的处理方式,明确以有效应力法即采用板件(或加劲板)平均受压应力-应变曲线简化局部屈曲效应的研究思路。通过有限元程序ANSYS二次开发钢板拉压非对称本构模型,提出一种可直接计入局部屈曲的纤维梁柱模型。材料本构模型中受压应力-应变曲线通过小型的加劲板板壳模型得到,且全面考虑了焊接残余应力与几何缺陷。搜集已开展的钢箱梁、钢桥塔及钢拱肋的稳定性试验,采用提出的纤维梁柱模型、板壳模型与传统弹塑性梁柱模型进行分析,展示截面纤维划分策略,验证文中纤维梁柱模型的可靠性与高效性;通过设置不同的缺陷参数,探讨缺陷水平与局部屈曲对各个构件极限承载力的影响。研究表明,随着缺陷水平的严重,局部屈曲会显著降低极限承载力,提出的纤维梁柱单元模型能够有效地预测加劲钢箱形构件的极限承载力,具有较广泛的应用前景。

结合灵敏度分析的圆锥壳-折板结构动力学研究

圆锥壳-折板结构在航空舱体装备结构中十分常见,作为航空装备重大核心精密科学仪器设备的承载体,舱体结构强度设计问题尤为关键.本文以圆锥壳-折板结构为对象,对其动力学特性展开分析.通过仿真计算,得到圆锥壳-折板结构在随机振动下的响应结果,并且建立材料参数与动力学响应之间的响应面函数.进一步利用Spearman秩相关系数,进行灵敏度分析,筛选出圆锥壳与折板结构中影响舱体结构动强度的主要因素.最后得到各个主要因素对于响应面动力学响应的影响规律曲线.

钢箱梁正交异性板加劲肋计算分析

正交异性钢箱梁具有抗扭刚度大、横向抗弯刚度大、整体性强、工厂化程度高、工期短等优点。同时顶板还可以兼做桥面系梁使用,总用钢量较同跨度钢箱梁少,在各种桥型中得到了广泛的应用。然而正交异性钢箱梁顶板所用钢板较薄,是典型的薄壁结构,在轴向压力较大时容易产生畸变或过大的局部变形,从而导致桥梁垮塌。运用有限元计算软件建立模型对钢箱梁正交异性板加劲肋进行计算分析,发现纵向加劲肋中心间距的变化对顶板跨中处的最大横向应力不产生影响却对第二体系应力影响较大,钢箱梁正交异性板的最大计算应力随着加劲肋间距的增大而增大,但被加劲板的控制应力则随着加劲肋间距的增大而减小。

新型装配式建筑免拆模壳板抗裂性能试验研究

模块化集成建筑(MiC)由预制混凝土模块通过后浇混凝土连接组成。为了实现模块之间剪力墙的免支模浇筑,同时减少材料用量,设置了厚度仅3 cm的预制免拆模壳板,但其板型较薄,在混凝土浇筑过程中其受力性能和破坏机理尚不明确。故针对免拆模壳板的力学性能进行了试验并建立了有限元模型,同时设计了一种新型加载钢架,对3组预制钢筋混凝土免拆模壳板(不开洞、侧边开洞、中间开洞)进行静力梯形堆载试验,得出其开裂荷载、挠度曲线以及荷载-应变曲线等。结果表明:三组试件均在桁架钢筋处发生混凝土开裂且承载力始终保持增长趋势,说明模壳板承载能力良好;由三组试件裂缝发展情况可以看出,裂缝出现的位置和试件破坏的趋势基本相同。

基于抗扭刚度的钢板组合梁桥横向稳定性研究

钢板组合桥梁性能优异,但在偏载作用下有可能发生横向失稳,因此保证其横向稳定性十分重要。文章采用有限元分析研究了考虑抗扭刚度的钢板组合梁桥的横梁间距对内偏及外偏布载下钢板组合梁桥横向稳定性的响。结果表明横梁间距对内偏及外偏作用下纵桥向弯矩无明显影响,外偏布载相较于内偏布载对钢板组合桥梁横向稳定性的影响更显著,因此需严格控制车道外偏荷载的大小。该研究能够为今后钢板组合梁桥的设计提供参考。

地铁B型车不锈钢点焊车体有限元建模方法对比分析

以某B型不锈钢地铁车体为对象,研究建模方法对车体有限元分析的影响,包括静强度、刚度和模态分析。首先采用CAD建模软件建立了车体的精细几何模型,然后基于厚度叠加原理,建立了无点焊等效厚度的车体板壳模型,同时建立了采用CWELD焊点单元精确模拟点焊的车体板壳模型。在此基础上,依据BS EN 12663-1:2010标准,确定了车体强度评价载荷工况,对比分析了两种建模方法的有限元分析结果,验证了简化建模方法的有效性。对两种模型车体理行计算,模态分析结果表明,有点焊模型模态频率较高,刚度结果表明有点焊模型刚度较大,静强度结果表明有点焊模型强度较高。采用等厚度叠加原理的车体建模计算结果偏于保守,在工程设计和分析中采用是可行的。

基于有限元方法分析某管桁架结构相贯节点研究

《钢结构设计标准》(GB 50017—2017)对复杂空间相贯节点无明确的计算方法,以盐城体育馆建筑项目为背景,采用ABAQUS对该网架结构某桁架管件的关键节点进行有限元分析,检验承载力是否符合设计要求,并确定节点的薄弱部位,同时针对薄弱部位提出节点的加强方案并进行有限元分析验证,为类似节点设计提供参考。

地下装配式大直径组合筒仓仓壁稳定性分析

【目的】为实现地下装配式大直径组合筒仓的稳定性验算,对装配式组合仓壁进行稳定性分析。【方法】先以有限元分析法验算证明地下仓壁稳定性是可靠的,再对装配式组合仓壁和现浇组合仓壁的稳定性进行分析。【结果】结果表明,装配式组合仓壁的一阶屈曲模态与现浇混凝土仓壁、现浇组合仓壁的一阶屈曲模态均呈现“椭圆形”整体屈曲。当接头抗弯刚度不小于组合仓壁截面抗弯刚度时,装配式组合仓壁的稳定承载力不小于现浇组合仓壁。通过对刚度比-荷载比曲线上的各点进行拟合,得到可用于验算地下装配式组合仓壁整体稳定性的关系式。【结论】本研究为地下粮仓装配式筒仓仓壁的结构设计提供参考。

基于板壳理论的采空区顶板稳定性分析及应用

金厂河铅锌铜多金属矿主采区矿石资源消耗过快,D采区为主要补给矿块,铅锌品位低,充填掘进工程量多,充填难度大、成本高。针对金厂河铅锌矿D采区现存问题,运用弹性理论建立板壳结构力学分析模型,研究采空区顶板经历两次冒落而趋于稳定,计算分析不同方案下的采空区顶板的初始冒落高度分别为11~38 m、26~58 m、41~87 m,后续稳定冒落高度可达1.5~2.0倍采空区跨度。同时,依据采场参数和松散体特性,分析冒落67~100 m即可自然挤压冒落拱底板。为防治地表错裂塌陷,提出及时废石充填空区挤压临时矿柱,增强矿柱支撑能力和限制空区大范围冒落。以此设计空场法、留矿柱空场法和空场适时充填不同开采方案,通过空区顶板初始冒落高度、矿柱承载数值、回收矿量对比,推荐空场适时充填方案可保证D采区安全开采。

某自由曲面单层网壳钢屋盖设计分析

宿迁某工程由6个混凝土框架结构及连于6个单体之间的自由曲面单层网壳钢屋盖组成。单层网壳长76m,宽13~39m,由三个不同高度的波峰形成平滑自由曲面。本文针对此单层网壳,通过结构试算进行找形分析,对不同网格划分角度及不同波峰高度进行对比计算,选取结构受力最优曲面;另外,采用适合此单层网壳的支座形式,分析结构振型、位移、承载力、屈曲模态及双非线性稳定等受力性能及指标,保证结构承载能力极限状态及正常使用极限状态;同时,对关键节点进行有限元分析,进一步保证结构安全性,并探讨不同节点加劲肋布置形式的受力性能及可行性。本工程可为类似自由曲面单层网壳结构的设计分析提供一定技术借鉴。

正交加筋板本征动力特性的尺度效应研究

[目的]为了探究不同尺度板架结构本征动力特性之间的联系与区别,分析并探讨正交加筋板中梁、板构件及其耦合结构本征动力特性的尺度效应。[方法]以不同尺度的梁、平板和正交加筋板模型为研究对象,采用有限元方法计算不同尺度梁、平板和正交加筋板模型的固有频率和振型,通过对比自由边界和简支边界下单位尺度模型固有频率和振型随尺度变化规律的异同,探讨边界条件对尺度效应的影响;通过对比耦合结构与梁和平板模型固有频率和振型随尺度变化规律的异同,探究梁、板构件动力耦合对正交加筋板本征动力特性尺度效应的影响。[结果]研究表明,自由边界条件下单位尺度内模型固有频率随尺度的变化规律虽然不再遵循“固有频率与尺度的平方成反比”的规律,但大体上与之相近。[结论]梁、板构件动力耦合会导致单位尺度内正交加筋板模型特定阶数固有频率随尺度的变化规律发生由急剧减小到逐渐增大的转变,还会引起特定尺度和特定阶数模态的错位分布和形态畸变。