The damping model for sea waves covered by oil films of a finite thickness

In combination with a wave action balance equation, a damping model for sea waves covered by oil films of a finite thickness is proposed. The damping model is not only related to the physical parameters of the oil film, but also related to environment parameters. Meanwhile, the parametric analyses have been also conducted to understand the sensitivity of the damping model to these parameters. And numerical simulations demonstrate that a kinematic viscosity, a surface/interfacial elasticity, a thickness, and a fractional filling factor cause more significant effects on a damping ratio than the other physical parameters of the oil film. From the simulation it is also found that the influences induced by a wind speed and a wind direction are also remarkable. On the other hand, for a thick emulsified oil film, the damping effect on the radar signal induced by the reduction of an effective dielectric constant should also be taken into account. The simulated results are compared with the damping ratio evaluated by the 15 ENVISAT ASAR images acquired during the Gulf of Mexico oil spill accident.

Oil Film Stiffness of Double Involute Gears Based on Thermal EHL Theory

Lubrication failure is one of the main failure forms of gear failure.Time varying meshing stiffness is an important factor affecting the dynamic behavior of gears.However,the influence of oil film stiffness is usually ignored in the research process.In this paper,according to the meshing characteristics of double involute gears,based on the non-Newtonian thermal EHL theory,a new calculation method of normal and tangential oil film stiffness for double involute gears is established by the idea of subsection method.The oil film stiffness difference between double involute gears and common involute gears is analyzed,and the influence of tooth waist order parameters,working conditions,and thermal effect on the oil film stiffness are studied.The results reveal that there are some differences between normal and tangential oil film stiffness between double involute gears and common involute gears,but there is little difference.Compared with the torque,rotation speed and initial viscosity of the lubricating oil,the tooth waist order parameters have less influence on the oil film stiffness.Thermal effect has a certain influence on normal and tangential oil film stiffness,which indicates that the influence of thermal effect on the oil film can not be ignored.This research proposes a calculation method of normal and tangential oil film stiffness suitable for double involute gears,which provides a theoretical basis for improving the stability of the transmission.

Numerical investigation on damping coefficient of the integral squeeze film damper

The elimination of rotor vibration is usually achieved by applying additional damping to the system.Squeeze film dampers are widely used in various aerospace and turbine equipments.The research is carried out on flow characteristics in the integral squeeze film dampers(ISFDs).The dynamic response to the operation condition is investigated through the computational fluid dynamics(CFD) model of ISFD.Due to the large pressure loss at the oil inlet,the oil film force only changes slightly with the increase of oil supply pressure,and the damping increases slightly.The vibration amplitude only affects the film force,but has no effect on the damping.The oil film force and damping show an upward tendency with the decrease of thickness of the end seal clearance.

DYNAMIC MODELLING FOR ROLLING SLIDEWAYS ASSEMBLY WITH DAMPING OIL-FILMS

By employing the oil-film damping technique, the vibration-proof ability of rollingslideways assembly can be improved remarkably without influencing its inherent advanced char-acteristics. This paper presents an investigation on dynamic modelling and parameter identifica-tion for rolling slideways assembly with damping oil-films on the basis of modal modification.The method combines theoretical calculation and experimental results effectively and can be usedto carry out reliable simulation and parameter analysis instead of pure analytical method.

Vibration characteristics of rotor system with tilting-pad journal bearing of elastic and damped pivots

In view of an entire dynamic model of tilting-pad journal bearing(TPJB) in which the pads swing and vibrate along geometric direction of preload, a TPJB of elastic and damped pivots was designed and manufactured. Vibration experiments were carried out under the conditions of different rotor bending stiffness and oil supply pressure to find out the relationship between the new bearing's vibration depression effect and other dynamic parameters of the rotor. The result shows that critical amplitudes can be efficaciously reduced while system's stability can be remarkably improved by this bearing. Besides, the bearing's effect of vibration depression weakens as the rotor bending stiffness increases, but heightens it as the oil supply pressure increases.

考虑弹流润滑效应的三点接触球轴承刚度特性分析

为获得润滑状态下三点接触球轴承更为准确的刚度特性,应考虑弹流润滑效应对轴承刚度的影响。文中基于拟静力学模型考虑高速离心力和陀螺力矩效应,根据给定轴承的结构参数和工况,计算滚动体与内外圈的法向接触载荷和各部件的运动速度。将拟静力学模型的计算结果和润滑介质参数代入弹流润滑模型,求解出滚动体与内外圈之间的压力分布和油膜厚度分布。进一步研究了转速、轴向载荷和润滑油的初始黏度对油膜压力和最小油膜厚度的影响。基于弹流润滑理论分析了转速和轴向载荷对轴承接触刚度、油膜刚度及综合刚度的影响。结果表明:转速的提高会大幅增加润滑油膜的整体厚度;润滑油初始黏度的增大会增加油膜厚度;随着轴承转速的提高,轴承的整体轴向刚度和轴向油膜刚度减小;随着轴向载荷的增大,轴承轴向刚度和轴向油膜刚度增大,且差值变化不大。

回油槽结构对高速插齿机静压主轴性能影响研究

为提高数控高速插齿机静压主轴工作性能,以摩擦学和流体力学理论为基础,通过理论分析、数值模拟,探究了不同工况条件下有、无回油槽对静压主轴性能的影响规律。首先,建立了有、无回油槽油膜流体仿真模型和流固耦合模型,基于实际工况参数进行了仿真计算,探究了有、无回油槽对油膜承载力、刚度、剪切力和轴套最大变形量的影响规律;然后,利用瞬态计算,分析了在10次冲程运动内有、无回油槽结构对静压主轴油膜黏性生热现象的影响,探究了相同工况下不同回油槽形状对油膜承载力与刚度的影响;最后,搭建了静压导轨实验平台,通过实验数据证明了有限元仿真模型的有效性。研究结果表明:添加回油槽结构可以使油膜承载力和刚度提升约1.5倍,可小幅降低油膜黏性阻力,并使油膜平均温度保持稳定;在低偏心率时,无回油槽轴套相对有回油槽轴套变形量最大相差40%,高偏心率时则相反;偏心率较低时,回油槽形状对油膜刚度影响相对较大。该研究可为高速插齿机静压主轴结构参数优化和工程应用提供参考。

箔片动压气体轴承转子系统动态特性试验研究

在箔片动压气体轴承的润滑分析模型和动态特性数学模型基础上,结合牛顿力学方程,建立箔片动压气体轴承-转子系统动力学方程,并研究其刚度和阻尼系数的计算方法;试验测量箔片动压气体轴承-转子系统的振动及速度,计算其刚度和阻尼系数;结合图谱法分析箔片动压气体轴承-转子系统在升速过程中的线性失稳和非线性失稳现象,研究转速对其刚度和阻尼系数的影响规律。结果表明:箔片动压气体轴承-转子系统主刚度系数整体随着转速的升高而增大,而交叉刚度整体随着转速的增加而减小且变化趋势相对较为平缓;阻尼系数整体随转速的提高而减小;系统自身阻尼抑制了扰动和低频能量的聚集,避免了箔片振动发生,从而有效地提高了系统运行的稳定性。提出的动态特性系数计算方法结合气体润滑理论与动力学模型,并结合试验测试,可以有效地获得轴承-转子系统的动态特性。

缝隙节流液体静压轴承油膜刚度系数的研究

油膜刚度系数是液体静压轴承的关键性能参数之一。针对缝隙节流液体静压轴承,推导了其油膜承载力的解析表达式,并在此基础上进一步推导了油膜刚度系数的解析表达式。相比于传统经验公式,采用该表达式的计算结果与实验结果更吻合。通过分析应用案例可知:油膜承载力与节流参数、主轴离心率均呈正相关关系;油膜正向刚度系数随着离心率的增大而减小,油膜交叉刚度系数随着离心率的增大而增大,并且正向刚度系数明显大于交叉刚度系数。利用该轴承油膜刚度系数的表达式,可以通过测量轴承运行过程中的轴心位置,实时得到轴承油膜刚度系数,从而对缝隙节流液体静压轴承的运行进行有效监控。

基于AMESim的闭式柱塞泵补油阀特性分析

补油阀作为闭式柱塞泵补油泵的定压阀,其工作性能将直接关系到闭式柱塞泵、补油泵及系统的安全性与可靠性。基于某型闭式柱塞泵所用补油阀的结构与原理,对其主要结构参数进行初步理论计算;然后以AMESim软件为仿真平台,建立补油阀的仿真模型,对其阻尼等效直径、调压弹簧预紧力、调压弹簧刚度等重要结构参数进行特性影响分析。为补油阀的后续参数优化提供理论指导。研究工作具有一定的理论意义和工程实用价值。

Analysis of lubrication performance for internal meshing gear pair considering vibration

The thermal elasto-hydrodynamic lubrication characteristics of the internal meshing gears in a planetary gear train under vibrations were examined considering the influence of the modification coefficient and time-varying meshing stiffness.Based on dynamic theory of the gear system,a dynamic model of the planetary gear train was established.The lubrication performances of modified gear systems under vibrations and static loads were analyzed.Compared with other transmission types,the best lubrication effect could be produced by the positive transmission.A thicker lubricating oil film could be formed,and the friction coefficient and oil film flash temperature are the smallest.Increasing modification coefficient improves the lubrication performance continuously but intensifies the engage-in and tooth-change impact.For the planetary and inner gears,the increase in the modification coefficient also leads a decrease in the oil film stiffness.

Influence of load capacity on hydrostatic journal support deformation in finite element calculation

Based on the application of the four-oil-pad radial hydrostatic bearing in heavy equipments, the deformation of the four-oil-pad radial hydrostatic bearing was calculated by using the finite element method. The formula of film stiffness, film thickness and carrying capacity were established; the influence of the main parameters, such as load, load area and deformation on the supportability was analyzed; and the capacity of the two kinds of bearings was compared. The result shows that the carrying capacity of typeⅠ is prior to that of type Ⅱ . Calculations provide a theoretical basis for the bearing choosing and structure designing in the actual project.

Thermal elastohydrodynamic lubrication of modified gear system considering vibration

The thermal elastohydrodynamic lubrication characteristics of a modified gear system under a dynamic load were investigated,including the influence of the modification coefficient and vibrations.Based on the dynamic theory of gear systems,a six-degree-of-freedom tribo-dynamics model was established.Thermal elastohydrodynamic lubrication characteristics of a modified gear system under vibrations and a static load were analyzed.The results showed that the positive transmission gear system exhibited the better lubrication effect compared with other transmission types.A thick lubricating oil film could be formed,and the friction coefficient between the teeth and the oil film flash temperature were the smallest.As the modification coefficient increased,the lubrication condition was continuously improved,and the scuffing load capacity was enhanced.The increment of the modification coefficient increased the meshing stiffness of the gear system but reduced the stiffness of the oil film.

基于混合润滑的结合面法向接触刚度建模

为了研究含油结合面的接触刚度特性,本文采用分形接触理论、连续变形理论和刚度分配模型,建立了微凸体及油膜的接触刚度模型并将其耦合。通过这个模型,分析了材料特性、摩擦因数及润滑介质对法向接触刚度的影响。结果表明接触载荷较小时,油膜刚度占总刚度比重较大。接触载荷较大时,油膜刚度占总刚度比重较小。对比模态试验与有限元结果,考虑摩擦的含油模态试验及有限元分析的固有频率均明显大于无油无摩擦情况。在考虑摩擦和油膜影响后,有限元分析获得的固有频率与试验获得的固有频率最大相对误差为3.85%,表明本文模型能很好地预测结合部的接触特性。

基于ISFD的滑动轴承转子系统不平衡振动抑制研究

由于高转速和大功率的需要,现有很多转子设备往往是基于滑动轴承设计的,因而由不平衡故障引起的振动成为影响这些设备安全运行的关键因素。为了探究整体式挤压油膜阻尼器(ISFD)对滑动轴承转子系统因不平衡故障产生振动的抑制效果,对安装有ISFD阻尼支承后的转子系统的不平衡振动响应进行了研究。首先,以实验室现有的转子试验台为基础,设计了安装有滑动轴承的ISFD阻尼支承结构,对ISFD的减振机理进行了介绍;然后,运用有限元方法,研究了ISFD弹性体的径向刚度特性;最后,搭建了单跨对称转子试验台,采用试验的方式,研究了该ISFD阻尼支承结构对转子不平衡振动的抑制效果。研究结果表明:在较宽的载荷范围内,ISFD弹性体的位移值与静载荷呈线性关系,具有优良的线性刚度特性;ISFD具有优良的阻尼特性,可以较好地抑制不同转速工况下滑动轴承转子系统的不平衡振动,在1 800 r/min的工况下,转子在x和y方向的振动降幅分别为38.4%和49.4%;ISFD阻尼支承可以有效抑制滑动轴承转子系统不平衡故障导致的工频振动,在1 600 r/min的工况下,转子在x和y方向的工频振动降幅分别为19.5%和29.4%,其减振效果良好。该研究成果可以为ISFD在滑动轴承转子系统中的实际工程应用提供借鉴,具有良好的应用前景。

柔性缓冲环对轴承-转子动力学特性的影响

综合考虑滑动轴承油膜力、转盘偏心量和碰摩的条件下,建立了含柔性缓冲环的轴承-转子系统力学模型,运用Runge-Kutta数值积分法,得到转子系统的分岔图、最大碰摩力分布图、占空比分布图和频谱图等,具体分析了柔性缓冲环对转子系统动力学特性的影响。研究表明:柔性缓冲环延缓了油膜涡动的产生,极大地削弱了油膜涡动和油膜振荡对转子系统稳定性的影响,进而提高了系统的平稳性;同时,缓冲环的布置间隙和刚度是影响其性能的关键参数,转子以中高转速长期运行时,应选择较小的布置间隙和较大的刚度,若转子需以超高转速长期运行时,应选择较大的布置间隙和较小的刚度。

不同工况下弹流润滑与齿轮动力学耦合研究

为探究线接触下齿轮传动系统与弹性流体动力润滑的耦合特性,研究采用广义有限元法建立两级齿轮传动系统,通过有限元法求啮合刚度,考虑齿轮润滑状态下的油膜刚度效应,综合叠加齿轮油膜刚度与啮合刚度,使用Newmark积分法对动力学方程进行求解,分析了耦合润滑后不同工况下齿轮啮合位置处的动力学特性和润滑特性。结果表明:齿轮综合刚度会随转速的增加而减小,随负载增加而增大;转速相比于负载对于油膜厚度影响较大,且考虑了轴的柔性后,传动系统在共振转速区内振幅变化显著,会对油膜厚度和系统振动产生一定影响,耦合油膜后在高速共振区内齿面动载荷变化明显。

汽轮机低压缸膨胀受阻导致的振动异常原因分析及处理

针对某330MW汽轮机大修后低压转子振动异常故障,根据低压缸结构,通过分析轴承振动故障特征,诊断出振动异常的原因是低压缸发生膨胀受阻、缸体变形故障。通过对低压转子进行精密动平衡,减小了转子激振力,消除了振动异常故障。

三叉杆滑移式万向联轴器油膜刚度的分析

基于等温线接触弹流润滑理论,在考虑表面粗糙度的同时,建立三叉杆滑移式万向联轴器的油膜刚度计算模型,分析载荷、润滑油卷吸速度及黏度、表面粗糙度波长及幅值对润滑油膜刚度的影响。结果表明:润滑油膜刚度随着载荷及黏度的增大而增大,随着卷吸速度的增大而减小;相比较于载荷和卷吸速度,黏度对油膜刚度的影响相对较小。在远离接触区中心位置,油膜刚度变换幅度较小,在中心位置附近变换幅度最大。随着表面粗糙度波长与幅值的增大,油膜刚度呈非线性变化,且油膜刚度的振荡频率及幅度变小,油膜刚度的最大峰值靠近接触区中心。

静压支承设计及结构优化研究

针对现有的伺服缸,对其内部的静压支承进行特性分析,建模后进行流固耦合分析,计算得到其内部的压力分布情况,进而求得静压支承进出口的流量和产生的承载力大小。运用MOGA算法,对静压支承机理及结构提出优化研究,结果表明,在一阶模态升高4.9%的情况下,油腔内部压力增加5%,油膜刚度增加了5.55%。可以看出,在不影响静压支承整体性能的情况下,通过优化静压支承结构尺寸,油腔内的油膜刚度可以显著提高。最后用优化前后的结构尺寸,在空载下伺服缸系统性能试验予以验证静压支承的整体性能,证明本静压支承设计与优化合格。