OBJECTIVE： This study assessed the efficacy and tolerability of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation for treatment of auditory hallucination of patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders. DATA SOURCES： O...OBJECTIVE： This study assessed the efficacy and tolerability of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation for treatment of auditory hallucination of patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders. DATA SOURCES： Online literature retrieval was conducted using PubMed, ISI Web of Science, EMBASE, Medline and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials databases from January 1985 to May 2012. Key words were ＂transcranial magnetic stimulation＂, ＂TMS＂, ＂repetitive tran- scranial magnetic stimulation＂, and ＂hallucination＂. STUDY SELECTION： Selected studies were randomized controlled trials assessing therapeutic ef- ficacy of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation for hallucination in patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders. Experimental intervention was low-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in left temporoparietal cortex for treatment of auditory hallucination in schizophrenia spectrum disorders. Control groups received sham stimulation. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： The primary outcome was total scores of Auditory Hallucinations Rating Scale, Auditory Hallucination Subscale of Psychotic Symptom Rating Scale, Positive and Negative Symptom Scale-Auditory Hallucination item, and Hallucination Change Scale. Secondary outcomes included response rate, global mental state, adverse effects and cognitive function. RESULTS： Seventeen studies addressing repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation for treatment of schizophrenia spectrum disorders were screened, with controls receiving sham stimulation. All data were completely effective, involving 398 patients. Overall mean weighted effect size for repeti- tive transcranial magnetic stimulation versus sham stimulation was statistically significant （MD = -0.42, 95%C/： -0.64 to -0.20, P = 0.000 2）. Patients receiving repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation responded more frequently than sham stimulation （OR = 2.94, 95%C/： 1.39 to 6.24, P =0.005）. No significant differences were found between active repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation and sham stimulation for positive or negative symptoms. Compared with sham stimulation, active repeti- tive transcranial magnetic stimulation had equivocal outcome in cognitive function and commonly caused headache and facial muscle twitching. CONCLUSION： Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation is a safe and effective treatment for auditory hallucination in schizophrenia spectrum disorders,展开更多
Stimulated Raman scattering(SRS)in a longitudinal magnetized plasma is studied by theoretical analysis and kinetic simulation.The linear growth rate derived via one-dimensional fluid theory shows the dependence on the...Stimulated Raman scattering(SRS)in a longitudinal magnetized plasma is studied by theoretical analysis and kinetic simulation.The linear growth rate derived via one-dimensional fluid theory shows the dependence on the plasma density,electron temperature,and magnetic field intensity.One-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations are carried out to examine the kinetic evolution of SRS under low magnetic intensity of w_c/w_0<0.01.There are two density regions distinguished in which the absolute growth of enveloped electrostatic waves and spectrum present quite different characteristics.In a relatively low-density plasma(ne~0.20 nc),the plasma wave presents typical absolute growth and the magnetic field alleviates linear SRS.While in the plasma whose density is near the cut-off point(ne~0.23 nc),the magnetic field induces a spectral splitting of the backscattering and forward-scattering waves.It has been observed in simulations and verified by theoretical analysis.Due to this effect,the onset of reflectivity delays,and the plasma waves form high-frequency oscillation and periodic envelope structure.The split wavenumber Dk/k0 is proportional to the magnetic field intensity and plasma density.These studies provide novel insight into the kinetic behavior of SRS in magnetized plasmas.展开更多
相移谱的功率依赖特性对矢量布里渊光时域分析系统的优化设计具有重要意义。对增益型受激布里渊散射(SBS)相移谱进行了建模分析;搭建了外差pump-Stokes系统,在5~90 m W泵浦光功率和5μW^9 m W斯托克斯光功率范围内测量了400 m标准单模...相移谱的功率依赖特性对矢量布里渊光时域分析系统的优化设计具有重要意义。对增益型受激布里渊散射(SBS)相移谱进行了建模分析;搭建了外差pump-Stokes系统,在5~90 m W泵浦光功率和5μW^9 m W斯托克斯光功率范围内测量了400 m标准单模光纤的增益型SBS相移谱;分析了Stokes光功率影响增益型SBS相移的机理。结果表明:当固定Stokes光功率时,增益型SBS相移范围与泵浦光功率成良好线性关系;因泵浦耗尽作用的影响,导致当Stokes光功率由5μW上升至8 m W时,增益型SBS相移范围的泵浦光功率灵敏度由1.448(°)/m W下降至1.156(°)/m W。根据理论和实验结果,对增益型VBOTDA系统进行了优化设计分析,为其在长距离和高精度传感领域的发展奠定了基础。展开更多
The method of generating equal-amplitude spectral lines by multi-frequency phase modulation is used in stimulated Brillouin scattering （SBS） suppression. The spectra of three, five, seven, and eleven equalamplitude ...The method of generating equal-amplitude spectral lines by multi-frequency phase modulation is used in stimulated Brillouin scattering （SBS） suppression. The spectra of three, five, seven, and eleven equalamplitude spectral lines are obtained in experiment with flatnesses less than 0.3 dB. Theoretical research on SBS suppression shows that the threshold power after modulation is in reverse proportion to the maximum square of amplitude moduli of fundamental frequency and the nth harmonic wave. The threshold powers of three, five, seven, and eleven equal-amplitude spectral lines are improved by 5.21, 8.36, 9.39, and 10.76 dB, respectively.展开更多
目的探讨分析重复经颅磁刺激(rTMS)对孤独症谱系障碍(ASD)儿童的症状严重程度、社会交往能力的干预效果。方法计算机检索Embase、MEDLINE、Cochrane Library、PubMed、Web of Science、SinoMed、万方、维普、知网数据库,检索时限为各数...目的探讨分析重复经颅磁刺激(rTMS)对孤独症谱系障碍(ASD)儿童的症状严重程度、社会交往能力的干预效果。方法计算机检索Embase、MEDLINE、Cochrane Library、PubMed、Web of Science、SinoMed、万方、维普、知网数据库,检索时限为各数据库建库至2022年9月。采用RevMan 5.3软件进行统计分析。主要结局指标包括儿童孤独症评定量表(CARS)、孤独症儿童行为量表(ABC)、社会反应量表(SRS)、脑电图(EEG)。结果最终纳入11篇研究,共579例患者。Meta分析结果显示,rTMS组的CARS、ABC、SRS评分均低于对照组(P<0.01)。描述性Meta分析结果显示,与对照组相比,rTMS组经rTMS治疗后额叶区、左颞区、右颞区和枕叶区的峰值α频率均增加,中央区和右颞区之间的α相干性增加;rTMS组试验前后额叶、顶叶、枕叶、左颞和右颞的递归率均降低,枕叶的确定性比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);rTMS组治疗后事件相关电位潜伏期缩短,且振幅呈现出负性增长(P<0.05)。结论rTMS在改善ASD的症状严重程度和社会交往方面优于常规治疗组,但受纳入研究的数量及其质量限制,应审慎地看待这一结论。展开更多
基金financially sponsored by the Special Funding of Henan Health Science and Technology Innovation Talent Project,No.4173(2010-2015)Xinxiang Medical University of High-Level Personnel of Scientific Research Projects,No.08BSKYQD-004the Key Projects of Science and Technology Research of Department of Education in Henan,No.13A320869
文摘OBJECTIVE： This study assessed the efficacy and tolerability of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation for treatment of auditory hallucination of patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders. DATA SOURCES： Online literature retrieval was conducted using PubMed, ISI Web of Science, EMBASE, Medline and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials databases from January 1985 to May 2012. Key words were ＂transcranial magnetic stimulation＂, ＂TMS＂, ＂repetitive tran- scranial magnetic stimulation＂, and ＂hallucination＂. STUDY SELECTION： Selected studies were randomized controlled trials assessing therapeutic ef- ficacy of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation for hallucination in patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders. Experimental intervention was low-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in left temporoparietal cortex for treatment of auditory hallucination in schizophrenia spectrum disorders. Control groups received sham stimulation. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： The primary outcome was total scores of Auditory Hallucinations Rating Scale, Auditory Hallucination Subscale of Psychotic Symptom Rating Scale, Positive and Negative Symptom Scale-Auditory Hallucination item, and Hallucination Change Scale. Secondary outcomes included response rate, global mental state, adverse effects and cognitive function. RESULTS： Seventeen studies addressing repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation for treatment of schizophrenia spectrum disorders were screened, with controls receiving sham stimulation. All data were completely effective, involving 398 patients. Overall mean weighted effect size for repeti- tive transcranial magnetic stimulation versus sham stimulation was statistically significant （MD = -0.42, 95%C/： -0.64 to -0.20, P = 0.000 2）. Patients receiving repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation responded more frequently than sham stimulation （OR = 2.94, 95%C/： 1.39 to 6.24, P =0.005）. No significant differences were found between active repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation and sham stimulation for positive or negative symptoms. Compared with sham stimulation, active repeti- tive transcranial magnetic stimulation had equivocal outcome in cognitive function and commonly caused headache and facial muscle twitching. CONCLUSION： Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation is a safe and effective treatment for auditory hallucination in schizophrenia spectrum disorders,
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (No. 2016YFA0401100)the Strategic Priority Re-search Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences (No. XDA25050700)+1 种基金the Scientific Research Foundation of Hunan Provincial Education Department (No. 20A042)National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 11805062, 11675264, 11774430)
文摘Stimulated Raman scattering(SRS)in a longitudinal magnetized plasma is studied by theoretical analysis and kinetic simulation.The linear growth rate derived via one-dimensional fluid theory shows the dependence on the plasma density,electron temperature,and magnetic field intensity.One-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations are carried out to examine the kinetic evolution of SRS under low magnetic intensity of w_c/w_0<0.01.There are two density regions distinguished in which the absolute growth of enveloped electrostatic waves and spectrum present quite different characteristics.In a relatively low-density plasma(ne~0.20 nc),the plasma wave presents typical absolute growth and the magnetic field alleviates linear SRS.While in the plasma whose density is near the cut-off point(ne~0.23 nc),the magnetic field induces a spectral splitting of the backscattering and forward-scattering waves.It has been observed in simulations and verified by theoretical analysis.Due to this effect,the onset of reflectivity delays,and the plasma waves form high-frequency oscillation and periodic envelope structure.The split wavenumber Dk/k0 is proportional to the magnetic field intensity and plasma density.These studies provide novel insight into the kinetic behavior of SRS in magnetized plasmas.
文摘相移谱的功率依赖特性对矢量布里渊光时域分析系统的优化设计具有重要意义。对增益型受激布里渊散射(SBS)相移谱进行了建模分析;搭建了外差pump-Stokes系统,在5~90 m W泵浦光功率和5μW^9 m W斯托克斯光功率范围内测量了400 m标准单模光纤的增益型SBS相移谱;分析了Stokes光功率影响增益型SBS相移的机理。结果表明:当固定Stokes光功率时,增益型SBS相移范围与泵浦光功率成良好线性关系;因泵浦耗尽作用的影响,导致当Stokes光功率由5μW上升至8 m W时,增益型SBS相移范围的泵浦光功率灵敏度由1.448(°)/m W下降至1.156(°)/m W。根据理论和实验结果,对增益型VBOTDA系统进行了优化设计分析,为其在长距离和高精度传感领域的发展奠定了基础。
文摘The method of generating equal-amplitude spectral lines by multi-frequency phase modulation is used in stimulated Brillouin scattering （SBS） suppression. The spectra of three, five, seven, and eleven equalamplitude spectral lines are obtained in experiment with flatnesses less than 0.3 dB. Theoretical research on SBS suppression shows that the threshold power after modulation is in reverse proportion to the maximum square of amplitude moduli of fundamental frequency and the nth harmonic wave. The threshold powers of three, five, seven, and eleven equal-amplitude spectral lines are improved by 5.21, 8.36, 9.39, and 10.76 dB, respectively.
文摘目的探讨分析重复经颅磁刺激(rTMS)对孤独症谱系障碍(ASD)儿童的症状严重程度、社会交往能力的干预效果。方法计算机检索Embase、MEDLINE、Cochrane Library、PubMed、Web of Science、SinoMed、万方、维普、知网数据库,检索时限为各数据库建库至2022年9月。采用RevMan 5.3软件进行统计分析。主要结局指标包括儿童孤独症评定量表(CARS)、孤独症儿童行为量表(ABC)、社会反应量表(SRS)、脑电图(EEG)。结果最终纳入11篇研究,共579例患者。Meta分析结果显示,rTMS组的CARS、ABC、SRS评分均低于对照组(P<0.01)。描述性Meta分析结果显示,与对照组相比,rTMS组经rTMS治疗后额叶区、左颞区、右颞区和枕叶区的峰值α频率均增加,中央区和右颞区之间的α相干性增加;rTMS组试验前后额叶、顶叶、枕叶、左颞和右颞的递归率均降低,枕叶的确定性比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);rTMS组治疗后事件相关电位潜伏期缩短,且振幅呈现出负性增长(P<0.05)。结论rTMS在改善ASD的症状严重程度和社会交往方面优于常规治疗组,但受纳入研究的数量及其质量限制,应审慎地看待这一结论。
