Profiling and geographical distribution of seed oil content of sunflower in Ukraine

The sunflower has the potential to be a highly competitive crop owing to its diversity market and the valuable oil it produces.Nevertheless,the amount of sunflower seed oil-a key factor for the crushing industry-is affected by genotype and environment,which sometimes is difficult to predict.The paper analyzes the theoretical principles of sunflower growth in Ukraine,highlights the current trends in the sowing of this crop,the influence of climatic factors of the environment on the prospects of the oilseed sunflower yield.The results of the research are presented for 3 years(2014-2016),during the authors conducted a grain quality observatory at the regional level,taking into account the climatic conditions of sunflower growth in different natural zones of Ukraine(from 45
to 51
north latitude and from 22
to 37
east longitude).Additionally,the research includes the coefficient of significance of the deviation from long-term climatic indicators,which makes it possible to forecast sunflower yield in the future.The analyzed data was obtained from the commercial fields with a minimum area of 40 ha in all Ukrainian regions except Crimea peninsula,Donetsk and Luhansk regions.The results obtained in research show the great diversity of oil content index as per both latitude and longitude meaning.If we consider the entire country,this survey shows that the seed oil content can change dramatically from year to year:e.g.47.5%in one year versus 45.7%in another year.Regionally,these changes have a completely different dynamic with a gradual decrease in seed oil content in the southern part of the country.The main goal of the research was to identify the best sunflower growing areas in Ukraine according to the oil content index.

Effects of Sunflower Artificial Aging on Seed Vigor and Physiological Characteristics

[Objective]The aim was to study the effects of sunflower artificial aging on seed vigor and physiological characteristics.[Method] The varieties of seed germination capacity,vigor of germination,germination index,vigor index,peroxidase（POD） activity,superoxide dismutase（SOD） activity and malondialdehyde（MDA） content for four sunflower germplasms such as＇SunM20＇,＇Deep Purple Minle＇,＇Da San Kui Hua 4＇and＇Ji Kui 24＇were studied under high temperature and high humidity conditions（100% RH,45 ℃） for different days（0 d,2 d,4 d,6 d,8 d,10 d）.[Result]The result showed that the germination capacity,vigor of germination,germination index,vigor index,POD activity,SOD activity declined gradually with the increase of seed aging days,whereas MDA content enhanced by degrees;The diggerences of resistance to artifical aging existed among the four accessions,＇SunM20＇was the most resistant one,and exhibited the strongest seed vigor,highest activities of two protective enzyme（POD,SOD） and lowest content of MDA at the uniform condition,moreover,the seed vigor and protective enzyme activities of＇SunM20＇changed slowest among the four materials during the aging process.[Conclusion]The distinct reduction of POD,SOD activities maybe the main reasons for the decrease of sunflower seed vigor at the artificial aging,and the gradual accumulation of a few MDA accelerated seeds aging.

Effects of Exogenous Vc on Seed Germination and Physiological Properties of Oil Sunflower(Helianthus annuus) under Salt Stress

[Objective] This study aimed to provide the theoretical and technical basis for alleviating salt damages in production practice of oil sunflower （Helianthus annuus）. [Method] Seeds of oil sunflower were used as experimental materials and treated with 120 mmol/L NaCI solution and 0-200 mg/L Vc solution during the germina- tion process, to investigate the effects of exogenous Vc on seed germination and physiological properties of oil sunflower under salt stress. [Result] Under salt stress, with the increase of Vc concentration, germination potential and germination rate of oil sunflower seeds, superoxide dismutase （SOD） and peroxidase （POD） activities and proline （Pro） content of oil sunflower seedlings increased first and then declined, which reached the maixmum in 80 mg/L Vc treatment, 120 mg/L Vc treatment and 80 mg/L Vc treatment, respectively; malondialdehyde （MDA） content of oil sunflower seedlings declined first and then increased, which reached the minimum in 160 mg/L Vc treatment. [Conclusion] To varying degrees, Vc could improve germination potential and germination rate of oil sunflower seeds and promote seedling growth under salt stress, thus alleviating the damages of salt stress to seed germination and seedling growth of oil sunflower.

Rapid identification and preliminary evaluation of quality characters of oilseed sunflower by near infrared spectroscopy

To clarify the quality characters,understand the genetic diversity and screen elite lines among different oilseed sunflowers,the contents of crude fat,oleic acid,linoleic acid,palmitic acid and stearic acid of 525 oil sunflowers(including 375 germplasm accessions and 150 inbred lines)were detected by near-infrared spectroscopy(NIRS);the genetic variation and correlation analysis of quality traits were also performed.The results showed that oleic acid and linoleic acid had rich diversities with large variation ranges for each material type.Similar to the relation between crude fat content and palmitic acid content,significantly negative relation with high estimated value existed between oleic acid and linoleic acid content,while stearic acid content positively associated with oleic acid and palmitic acid content.Principal component analysis indicated that 5 quality traits were integrated into 2principal component factors(linoleic acid negative factor and palmitic acid factor)with the contribution rate of 88.191%,which could be used for evaluating sunflower quality.525 oilseed sunflowers were clustered into 3groups with obvious differences of quality characters,materials in Group I had high contents of oleic acid and low crude fat,but the opposite was found in GroupⅢ.59 superior quality accessions were obtained using large-scale and rapid near-infrared spectroscopy,and these excellent materials were verified by the traditional national chemical standard method.This research provided materials and significant reference for sunflower genetic research and quality breeding.

Mechanical Properties of Sunflower Seed and Its Kernel, Azargol Variety as a Case Study, under Compressive Loading

The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of moisture content, size and loading orientation on mechanical properties such as force, deformation and energy absorbed per unit volume for fracturing Iranian sunflower seed and its kernel （Azargol as a case study） under quasi-static loading. Sunflower seeds and their kernels were quasi-statically loaded in horizontal and vertical orientations with moisture content in three levels： 3%, 7% and 14%, and size category in three levels： small, medium and large. The obtained results showed that rupture force for both sunflower seed and its kernel decreased with increasing moisture content while the absorbed energy and deformation at rupture point increased for all size categories in both horizontal and vertical loading orientations. Also, seeds in the vertical orientation developed hull cracks at a higher level of force than those loaded in the horizontal orientation. However, for the kernels it was the opposite. In addition, the average forces required to cause kernel rupture were lower （11.64-39.9 N） than those required to rupture the seed （30.06-117.46 N） in both orientations. Seeds loaded in a vertical orientation absorbed more energy （87.67 mJ） prior to rupture than those loaded in the horizontal （46.60 mJ） orientation. However, for the kernels it was the opposite.

Friction Coefficient Calibration of Sunflower Seeds for Discrete Element Modeling Simulation

Sunflower(Helianthus annuus L.)is one of the four major oil crops in the world and has high economic value.However,the lack of discrete element method(DEM)models and parameters for sunflower seeds hinders the application of DEM for computer simulation in the key working processes of sunflower seed sowing and harvesting.The present study was conducted on two varieties of sunflower,and the DEM model of sunflower seeds was established by using 3D scanning technology based on the distribution of triaxial dimensions and volumes of the geometric model of sunflower seeds.Similarly,the physical characteristics parameters of sunflower seeds were determined by physical tests and the simulation parameters were screened for significance based on the Plackett-Burman test.Our results show that the coefficient of static friction between sunflower seeds and the coefficient of rolling friction have significant effects on the repose angle of the simulation test.Furthermore,the optimal range of the significance parameters was further determined by the steepest climb test,and the second-order regression model of the significance parameters and the repose angle was obtained according to the Box-Behnken design test and Response Surface Methodology(RSM),with the repose angle measured by the physical test as the optimized target value to obtain the optimal parameter combination.Finally,a two-sample t-test for the repose angle of the physical test and the repose angle of the simulation test yielded P>0.05.Our results confirms that the repose angle obtained from simulation is not significantly different from the physical test value,and the relative errors between the repose angle of the simulation test and the physical test are 1.43%and 0.40%,respectively,for the optimal combination of parameters.Based on these results it can be concluded that the optimal parameters obtained from the calibration can be used for DEM simulation experiments related to the sunflower seed sowing and harvesting process.

Seed Sector in Turkey and Analysis of Sunflower Seed Purchasing Behaviour of Farmers： Example of Thrace Region

Selection of suitable seed in agriculture has great importance in terms of scarce resources and efficient use of facilities. Efficient use of inputs has been one of the key objectives of agricultural policies in all over the world. Therefore, studies continue about production of new seeds with high yield and resist to diseases. The 66.7% of the total seed production in Turkey are met by the private sector （hybrid sunflower, corn, potato, soybean, cotton and vegetable seed）. And 53.4% of the total sunflowers in Turkey are grown in Thrace region. It is therefore appropriate to be selected as the research area. In this regard, the aim of this study was to examine the dynamics in seed sector and particularly investigate the sunflower seed purchasing behavior of farmers with special attention to Thrace region. As a methodology, 198 questionnaires which pursued sunflower farm activities in the region were utilized. As a result of the descriptive statistics, it could be concluded that almost 20% of seed supply in Turkey is imported and that 70%-80% of it is directly used as an “input” for growing vegetative products and the remaining is used as “intermediate goods” for growing “certified seeds” for domestic or international markets.

Some Engineering Properties of Sunflower Seed and Its Kernel

Some engineering properties of sunflower seed and its kernel, Shahroodi variety as a case study, were investigated at various moisture content levels （3-14% d.b.） for three size categories （large, medium and small）. With increase of moisture content from 3 to 14% d.b., all the main dimensions （length, width and thickness）, geometric mean diameter, porosity, true density, terminal velocity and static coefficient of friction increased while bulk density and rupture force for both sunflower seed and its kernel decreased for all size categories. The results showed that the highest value of static coefficient of friction for both seed and kernel was on the rubber surface, followed by plywood, polyethylene, galvanized iron, and finally aluminium surfaces. The seeds required less compressive force to dehull when loaded under the horizontal as compared to the vertical orientation. But for kernels, the trend was the opposite. Also, the compressive forces needed to initiate rupture of sunflower seed hulls were higher （47.1-94.72 N） than those required to rupture the kernel （8.5-13.4 N） in both orientations.

Frictional Behavior of Sunflower Seed and its Kernel as a Function of Moisture Content, Variety and Size

The object of this study was to investigate the frictional properties （repose angles and friction coefficient） of Iranian sunflower seed and its kernel （Fandoghi, Azargol and Shahroodi） as a function of moisture content, size and variety. The static coefficient of friction were determined on five structural surfaces including aluminium, plywood, galvanized iron, polyethylene and rubber when moisture content varied between 3 and 14 % d.b. The obtained results showed that static coefficient of friction on five studied surfaces increase linearly as moisture content increase from 3 to 14% for both seed and kernel. Among the applied surfaces, rubber showed the highest value of friction coefficient for both sunflower seed and kernel followed by plywood, polyethylene, galvanized iron and aluminium. The obtained values of emptying and filling angles of repose increase linearly with an increase in moisture content. Furthermore, the values of empting and filling angles of repose for small sizes were higher than big sizes in all levels of moisture content for both seed and kernel. Also, the emptying angle of repose assumed higher values than the filling angle of repose for all varieties and categories.

Multiparameter collaborative optimization of the vibrating screen based on the behavior of oil sunflower seed penetrating screen holes

The behavior of oil sunflower seeds penetrating screen holes is an important factor that affects the screening performance of oil sunflower seeds.In this study,a double-deck reverse-motion vibrating screening device for oil sunflower seed screening was designed.The force condition and motion law of the oil sunflower seeds on the screen surface were analyzed.This study compared the effect of particle filling amount of discrete element model of oil sunflower seeds on the simulation effects.The screening process was numerically simulated using the coupled Discrete Element Method and Multibody Dynamics(DEM-MBD)technique with the screening percentage of oil sunflower seeds as the index.The influence of the operating parameters of the vibrating screen on the screening effect was analyzed using a multiparameter collaborative optimization scheme.The results of this study can provide a reference for the numerical simulation of crop screening behavior and the development of screening devices.

Effect of Boron Foliar Application on Yield and Quality of Some Sunflower （Helianthus annuus L.） Cultivars

This study was carried out in the greenhouse of the National Research Center, Dokki, Giza, Egypt, in order to investigate the effect of foliar application of boron （0, 300 and 600 ppm B） as boric acid （H3BO3, 17% B） on the yield and yield components and also the seed quality of two sunflower cultivars （Sakha-53 and Giza-102）. B application at a rate of 600 ppm produced the highest values of seed yield/plant （g）, head diameter （cm）, number of seeds/head, weight of 1,000 seed （g）, percentage of oil （%） and oil yield/plant （g） of both cultivars. Seed yield/plant increased by 26.85% and 34.81% with increasing B concentration from 300 ppm and 600 ppm as compared to control plants, respectively. The results indicated that application of 300 ppm B resulted in an increase of palmitic, stearic and oleic acids as compared to the treatment with 600 ppm B and control plants. However, the linoleic acid increased gradually with increasing B up to 600 ppm. Such increases were estimated by 8.72% and 7.19% over the control plants or the treatment sprayed with 300 ppm B, respectively. The highest oleic and linoleic acids percentages （52.71% and 36.05%, respectively） were obtained from Sakha-53 cultivar with 300 ppm B foliar application, while the lowest lenolenic acid percentage （2.01%） was obtained at 600 ppm B. The highest content of gluatmine, isoleucine and arginine （9.61, 3.97 and 3.97 mg/100 g dry weight） was obtained from Sakha-53 cultivar, followed by Giza-102 at a rate of 600 ppm foliar application of B. It can be concluded that B plays a vital role for increasing the productivity and quality of sunflower plants, especially when grown under B deficient soil.

Morphological Features of Plants and Yield of Sunflower Hybrids Cultivated in the Northern Part of the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine

In Ukraine, a sunflower is the main oil crop from which more than 90% of vegetable fats are produced. An increase in production is due to the expansion of cultivation area, which necessitates research on sunflower hybrids adaptability in the northern regions of Ukraine, where in recent decades, there has been a significant change of weather conditions and which may be favorable for its cultivation. The research was carried out in the Northern part of the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine on light loam chernozems. Reaction to growing conditions of four hybrids was studied by establishing the stability and plasticity of hybrids in terms of yield formation due to changes in morphological characteristics of plants. Yield potential realization is high enough, which is provided by sufficient amounts of positive, active, effective temperatures and precipitation. Calculation of the coefficients of plasticity and stability allows identifying stable sunflower hybrids, hybrids with a high level of plasticity, and recommending them to production. The yield of early-maturing hybrid Ukrainskyi F1 increases rectilinearly with plant density increasing (r = 0.977 - 0.998), while hybrids P63LL06 (r = 0.651 - 0.882);NK Ferti (r = 0.589 - 0.846), and NK Brio (r = 0.689 - 0.804) form a higher yield at standing densities up to 60 thousand plants per hectare, and with further thickening, the yield decreases. With the thickening of sowings, the height of all hybrids plants increases (r = 0.97 - 0.99), and there is a decrease in the number of seeds per anthode, and the weight of 1000 seeds. Sunflower hybrids can be divided into the groups according to the peculiarities of yield formation due to morphological features: 1) yield increases only due to sowings’ thickening— Ukrainskyi F1;2) combined efficiency-increasing sowings’ density to 60 thousand plants/ha and generative organs formation—NCKBrio;3) hybrids of intermediate type—NK Ferti and P63LL06.

Use of Sunflower Cake in the Diet of ISA Brown Pullets

Recently, feed ingredient prices and availability concerns have resulted in the examination of diet formulations using alternative, locally available, high protein feed ingredients. An experiment was carried out to evaluate sunflower cake （SC） dietary effect on the performance of ISA brown pullets. The duration of the experiment was 20 weeks. A total of 48 one-day-old pullets were randomly allocated in three groups （C, SC6.25 and SC12.5） with four replications. The pullets of the control group （C） were given proper full rations without sunflower cake for the 1 st, 2nd and 3rd rearing ages, whereas in the treatment groups 5C6.25 sunflower cake was added at 6.25% of rations and in group SC12.5 at 12.5% of rations. The pullets were housed in floor pens with litter and were offered feed and water ad libitum. According to the results of statistical analysis, the addition of 6.25% sunflower cake in the diet significantly （P 〈 0.05） affected body weight gain and feed conversion ratio. The results of this study showed that sunflower cake can be added to the ration of ISA brown pullets of 0-20 weeks of age up to 12.5% without any adverse effect on their performance.

葵花籽油微乳体系对玉米黄素增溶性能研究

文章研究了葵花籽油微乳包封玉米黄素的能力,考察了玉米黄素在微乳不同相中的分配系数及葵花籽油微乳增溶玉米黄素的能力。结果表明,微乳的pH值在4~6之间时,体系稳定;pH值在2~4和8~10时,粒子分布不均匀,包封率降低。随着盐浓度的增加,微乳的粒径和PDI增大,包封率逐渐下降。微乳在4℃和25℃下储存时较稳定并且粒径、PDI和包封率无明显改变;在45℃时,粒径较大且分布不均匀,包封率降低。微乳体系中玉米黄素的溶解度高于葵花籽油中玉米黄素的溶解度;在水包油型中,80%含水量的微乳增溶玉米黄素52倍,是水增溶玉米黄素的330倍。理论上可以确定有64个混合表面活性剂分子增溶1个玉米黄素分子。因此,葵花籽油微乳体系对玉米黄素具有良好的增溶性能。

葵花脱籽机关键部件有限元分析

机架作为葵花脱籽机关键部件,其结构设计合理与否直接关系着整机的安全性和可靠性。该文基于三维设计、分析软件对葵花脱籽机机架进行静力学分析和模态分析,通过SolidWorks 2019软件构建机架三维模型,借助Simulation插件对机架进行静力学分析,通过分析得出机架最大应力和应变均符合设计要求,机架最大应变1.96 mm。其次,借助ANSYS Workbench 2021对机架进行12阶自由模态分析,通过分析得出机架固有频率为67.03 Hz,机架固有频率大于电机运行频率50 Hz,整机运行时机架和电机不会发生共振,所研究内容可为葵花脱籽机结构优化提供参考。

中国葵花籽出口贸易及潜力——基于贸易引力模型的实证

中国是世界最大的食用葵花籽生产国与出口国,把握其贸易特征及出口潜力对中国葵花籽产业发展具有重要意义。在对中国葵花籽贸易现状及特点分析的基础上,基于2001—2021年中国与19个出口去向国的面板数据,通过构建扩展的引力模型对中国葵花籽出口潜力进行了实证分析。结果显示:中国葵花籽出口具有高竞争优势,出口价格劣势情况逐渐得到缓解;出口去向国国内生产总值(GDP)、经济自由指数与农产品外贸依存度的提高,双边贸易距离的增加,两国人均GDP差异的缩小促进了中国葵花籽的出口;当前东南亚一些国家贸易潜力发挥不足,中东一些国家贸易潜力超标实现。基于此认为:中国应与国际农产品质量标准接轨,强化品牌推广与营养知识科普,开拓国内外食用葵花籽高端消费市场。同时,巩固加强与中东国家的贸易伙伴关系,借助《区域全面经济伙伴关系协定》(RCEP)政策优势改善贸易环境,推动与周边国家小宗农产品的贸易往来。

葵花籽粕绿原酸脱除及其蛋白应用研究进展

葵花籽粕是葵花籽制油的副产物,其蛋白质营养丰富、氨基酸组成合理且致敏性低,是一种优质的蛋白原料。目前关于葵花籽粕的相关综述主要集中在其加工应用现状、综合利用、活性成分、改性技术和饲料领域应用等。然而,葵花籽粕中多酚类物质(主要为绿原酸)的存在导致葵花籽蛋白粉在制备和加工过程易发生褐变,严重制约其深度开发利用。对葵花籽粕绿原酸的提取脱除技术主要有水提法、有机溶剂浸提法、物理场辅助法、生物酶法、盐抑制法及树脂吸附脱色等,但目前鲜见系统总结。本文从葵花籽蛋白组成特性、其与绿原酸互作机制、葵花籽粕绿原酸提取脱除方法以及葵花籽蛋白在食品领域应用等方面综述最新研究进展,以期为葵花籽粕的深度加工利用提供参考。

1979—2019年中国5种主要油料作物的时空分布变化

旨在为挖掘油料作物增产潜力、提升油料产能、保障国内食用植物油供给安全等政策制定提供参考,通过集中度和比较优势分析,研究了1979—2019年我国5种主要油料作物(花生、油菜、向日葵、芝麻和胡麻)的时空分布变化。结果显示:1979—2019年花生种植集中度呈减小趋势,油菜和胡麻集中度升高,向日葵和芝麻集中度则先降低后升高;2019年河南、山东、广东、辽宁、河北5省花生综合优势指数大于1,其中河南为我国花生第一生产大省,综合优势指数从0.80增加至1.93;湖南、四川、湖北、贵州、安徽5省具有稳定的油菜生产综合优势,2019年川渝地区(四川和重庆)、湖北、湖南油菜籽产量居前三位;1979—2019年内蒙古和新疆向日葵综合优势指数分别为2.14~3.38和1.64~3.06,且在2019年它们分别是我国葵花籽生产第一、第二大主产地;河南、湖北两省一直是我国芝麻生产核心区域,综合优势指数分别为1.50~2.13和2.17~2.39;甘肃、宁夏、山西、内蒙古具有胡麻生产综合优势,2019年甘肃、内蒙古和宁夏胡麻籽产量居前三位。综上,当前河南、川渝地区、内蒙古、甘肃分别是我国花生(和芝麻)、油菜籽、葵花籽、胡麻籽等核心油料生产区域。

基于植物甾醇与γ-谷维素的牡丹/葵花籽油凝胶的制备及其物理特性研究

凝胶剂的含量和比例、植物油基质是影响油凝胶结晶特性和加工功能的重要因素。该研究以植物甾醇和γ-谷维素为凝胶剂,牡丹籽油和葵花籽油为基质油制备高含量α-亚麻酸油凝胶,探讨了植物甾醇与γ-谷维素的质量比以及基质油对油凝胶外观、硬度、黏度、微观结构、流变和热力学性质的影响。结果表明,在4℃下,当m(植物甾醇)∶m(γ-谷维素)=40∶60,添加量为8%(质量分数)时,油凝胶形成的速度最快,硬度和黏度最大,熔点也最高;与葵花籽油凝胶相比,此条件下牡丹籽油凝胶的硬度更大(210.70 N),凝胶时间更短(0.5 h),熔点更高(55.22℃)。油凝胶制备时,可通过调整植物甾醇与γ-谷维素的比例来获得所需的晶型和凝胶网络结构,并由此获得理想的硬度、黏度、熔点和透明度等,以适应特定食品加工的需求。该研究为后续基于油凝胶的新型功能黄油和功能奶油的制备提供了理论基础。

金银花精油对葵花籽油氧化稳定性及煎炸品质的影响

以葵花籽油为原料,研究金银花精油对葵花籽油储存过程的氧化稳定性影响和对葵花籽油在煎炸过程中的品质变化的影响。结果表明:在葵花籽油储存过程的氧化稳定性上,金银花精油可以显著增加氧化诱导时间,延缓过氧化值、共轭二烯值、共轭三烯值和游离脂肪酸的上升趋势,其效果优于市售叔丁基对苯二酚(TBHQ)和VE,金银花精油有较好的提高葵花籽油的氧化稳定性的能力。在葵花籽油煎炸试验上,金银花精油可以减缓煎炸过程中葵花籽油色度(黄色和红色)加深,降低粘度,延缓酸价、极性组分和P-茴香胺的上升趋势,其效果优于市售TBHQ和VE,金银花精油有较好的提高葵花籽油煎炸品质的能力。金银花精油可以作为一种天然油脂抗氧化剂,应用于食品行业中。