Development of Composite Cellular Cores for Sandwich Panels Based on Folded Polar Quadra-Structures

An idea to develop a family of cellular cores for sandwich panels using a technology of prepreg folding is presented.Polar folded quadra-structures are regarded as a geometric basis for these cores whose standard fragment has the fourth degree of axial symmetry.The classification of the polar structures are described and a method of various quadra-structure synthesis is developed.A possibility to provide high strength of the structure due to preservation of faces reinforcement pattern is presented.Arrangement of the plane core on a bi-curvature surface is also introduced.Besides,provision of isotropy of the core in two or three directions are described.Finally,examples of cellular folded cores manufactured from basalt reinforced plastic are demonstrated.

Stress and buckling analysis of a thick-walled micro sandwich panel with a flexible foam core and carbon nanotube reinforced composite (CNTRC) face sheets

In this paper,the stresses and buckling behaviors of a thick-walled mi-cro sandwich panel with a flexible foam core and carbon nanotube reinforced composite(CNTRC)face sheets are considered based on the high-order shear deformation theory(HSDT)and the modified couple stress theory(MCST).The governing equations of equi-librium are obtained based on the total potential energy principle.The effects of various parameters such as the aspect ratio,elastic foundation,temperature changes,and volume fraction of the canbon nanotubes(CNTs)on the critical buckling loads,normal stress,shear stress,and deflection of the thick-walled micro cylindrical sandwich panel consider-ing different distributions of CNTs are examined.The results are compared and validated with other studies,and showing an excellent compatibility.CNTs have become very use-ful and common candidates in sandwich structures,and they have been extensively used in many applications including nanotechnology,aerospace,and micro-structures.This paper also extends further applications of reinforced sandwich panels by providing the modified equations and formulae.

Low-Velocity Impact Response of Stitched Multi-layer Foam Sandwich Composites

Low-velocity impact damage known as“imperceptible”damage usually destroys the structural integrity of the material and seriously affects the service life of the materials.To improve the low-velocity impact resistance of foam sandwich composites,an innovative concept of a stitched multi-layer sandwich structure by organically combining the discrete splitting of foam layer with full thickness stitching was proposed,and its low-velocity impact resistance obtained through drop-hammer impact tests was explored.The results showed that the multi-layer foam sandwich structure acted as a stress disperser and reduced the irreversible impact damage.The depth and area of low-velocity impact damage of multi-layer foam sandwich composites gradually decreased with increasing the number of the layers.The stitched structure would improve the integrity of the foam sandwich composites and inhibit the propagation of cracks.The maximum impact load of the stitched foam sandwich composite increased by approximately 5% compared with that of the non-stitched material.In addition,the low-velocity impact damage depth,damage area and absorbed energy of the stitched three-layer foam sandwich composite were reduced by 37.7%,34.6% and 20.7%,respectively,compared with those of the non-stitched single-layer sandwich material.

PMI Foam Cored Sandwich Components Produced by Means of Different Manufacturing Methods

The paper introduced the structural applications with PMI (Polymethacrylimide) foams in sandwich components for rotor craft, launching vehicle and civil aircraft and discuss some typically used manufacturing methods, such as e.g. in-mould pressing, autoclave curing and resin infusion. The advantages of foam-cored sandwich design versus honeycomb-cored design will be discussed, focussing on manufacturing costs.

Effective Elastic Properties of Honeycomb Core with Fiber-Reinforced Composite Cells

Sandwich construction incorporating a honeycomb cellular core offers the attainment of structures that are very stiff and strong in bending while the weight is kept at a minimum. Generally, an aluminum or Nomex honeycomb core is used in applications requiring sandwich construction with fiber-reinforced composite facesheets. However, the use of a fiber-reinforced composite core offers the potential for even lower weight, increased stiffness and strength, low thermal distortion compatible with that of the facesheets, the absence of galvanic corrosion and the ability to readily modify the core properties to suit specialized needs. Furthermore, the material of the core itself will exhibit anisotropic material properties in this case. In order to design, analyze and optimize these structures, knowledge of the effective mechanical properties of the core is essential. In this paper, the effective three-dimensional mechanical properties of a composite hexagonal cell core are determined using a numerical method based on a finite element analysis of a representative unit cell. In particular, the geometry of the simplest repeating unit of the core as well as the appropriate loading and boundary conditions that must be applied is presented.

Additive Manufacturing of Continuous Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Composite Sandwich Structures with Multiscale Cellular Cores

The use of composite sandwich structures with cellular cores is prevalent in lightweight designs owing to their superior energy-absorbing abilities.However,current manufacturing processes,such as hot-press molding and mold pressing,require multiple steps and complex tools,thus limiting the exploration of advanced sandwich structure designs.This study reports a novel multi-material additive manufacturing(AM)process that allows the single-step production of continuous fiber-reinforced polymer composite(CFRPC)sandwich structures with multiscale cellular cores.Specifically,the integration of CFRPC-AM and in situ foam AM processes provides effective and efficient fabrication of CFRPC panels and multiscale cellular cores with intricate designs.The cellular core design spans three levels:microcellular,unit-cell,and graded structures.Sandwich structures with a diverse set of unit-cell designs,that is,rhombus,square,honeycomb,and re-entrant honeycomb,were fabricated and their flexural behaviors were studied experimentally.The results showed that the sandwich structure with a rhombus core design possessed the highest flexural stiffness,strength,and specific energy absorption.In addition,the effect of the unit-cell assembly on the flexural performance of the CFRP composite sandwich structure was examined.The proposed design and fabrication methods open new avenues for constructing novel and high-performance CFRPC structures with multiscale cellular cores that cannot be obtained using existing approaches.

Experimental study of partially-cured Z-pins reinforced foam core composites:K-Cor sandwich structures

This paper presents an experimental study of a novel K-Cor sandwich structure rein- forced with partially-cured Z-pins. The influence of pultrusion processing parameters on Z-pins characteristics was studied and the effect of Z-pins on mechanical properties was disclosed. Differential scanning calorimetry （DSC） and optical microscopy （OM） methods were employed to determine the curing degree of as-prepared Z-pins and observe the implanted Z-pins in the K-Cor structure. These partially-cured Z-pins were treated with a stronger bonding link between face sheets and the foam core by means of a hot-press process, thereby decreasing burrs and cracking defects when the Z-pins were implanted into the Rohacell foam core. The results of the out-of-plane tensile tests and the climbing drum peel （CDP） tests showed that K-Cor structures exhibited superior mechanical performance as compared to X-Cor and blank foam core. The observed results of failure modes revealed that an effective bonding link between the foam core and face sheets that was provided from partially-cured Z-pins contributed to the enhanced mechan- ical performances of K-Cor sandwich structures.

热塑性复合材料夹芯结构研究进展

从热塑性复合材料夹芯结构的设计、材料和制备等3个方面分析总结了国内外热塑性复合材料夹芯结构的研究现状,夹芯结构因为其高强度、轻量化以及功能集成等特点在承载和吸能等领域内广泛应用,展望了热塑性复合材料夹芯结构的未来发展趋势和前景。

芯材双向开槽工艺对PET泡沫三明治结构弯曲性能的影响

借助实验结合仿真分析的研究方法,深入探究了芯材表面双向开槽对PET泡沫三明治结构弯曲性能的影响,采用熵权法-优劣解距离法对16种开槽工况进行了详细分析。结果表明,在三点弯曲实验中,PET泡沫芯材的压缩应变主要集中在中间压头附近,永久塑性变形出现在铝合金面板和胶层处,未在各组分材料中发现明显的失效行为。随着芯材开槽体积的增大,结构的刚度、峰值载荷和总能量吸收均增大,结构的比吸能减小;开槽深度、宽度、间距会对这些性能指标产生显著影响;胶粘剂在连接芯材和面板的同时,增强了结构的抗弯曲性能。最后,基于熵权法-优劣解距离法,确定了芯材表面最优的开槽方案。

复合材料夹芯结构低速冲击性能研究

复合材料夹芯结构为电子设备与外层蒙皮提供了一体化设计的思路,可以大幅降低飞行器的结构重量。通过低速冲击试验和ABAQUS仿真研究了5 J和10 J冲击能量下某飞行器复合材料机翼蒙皮典型夹芯区域在低速冲击下的性能。随着冲击能量的增加,复合材料泡沫夹芯结构的能量吸收率由5 J的72.0%提升至10 J的76.0%。由仿真结果可知,当冲击能量达到10 J时,出现了纤维损伤,且损伤沿表层铺层角度扩展,基体压缩损伤主要出现在冲击正面,基体拉伸损伤主要出现在冲击背面,损伤随冲击能量的增加而变大。当冲击能量达到10 J时,上面板与泡沫芯体粘接处也产生了较大的损伤。

层合板和蜂窝夹心结构复合材料敲击特性研究

制备了层合板结构和蜂窝夹心结构两种不同结构的复合材料损伤试块,基于有限元理论对这两种典型复合材料损伤结构的振动特性进行了分析,发现损伤尺寸对碳纤维蜂窝材料固有频率的影响显著优于碳纤维层合板的固有频率。采用啄木鸟智能检测仪对两种不同结构的复合材料损伤试块进行了敲击试验,试验结果表明,蜂窝夹心结构损伤试块的敲击检测脉宽损伤差异率为50.5%,而层合板损伤试块的敲击检测脉宽损伤差异率为31.5%,敲击检测对碳纤维蜂窝复合材料的损伤检测灵敏度显著大于层合板结构复合材料。

纤维含量对汽车内饰用夹层结构植物纤维增强PP复合材料性能的影响

分别以竹纤维(BF)/聚丙烯(PP)复合板、麻纤维(JF)/PP复合板为表层,聚氨酯(PUR)泡沫为芯层,经热压成型制备夹层结构植物纤维/PP复合材料,通过万能力学试验机、导热系数测定仪和驻波管吸声系数测试系统对不同纤维质量分数的夹层结构复合材料进行性能测试及表征。结果表明,PUR夹层结构BF/PP复合材料的力学性能与PUR夹层结构JF/PP复合材料接近,其导热系数≤0.044 W/(m·K),吸声性能良好,燃烧速度≤20.28 mm/min,满足主机厂对汽车内饰构件用材料的要求,且当植物纤维质量分数为40%时,PUR夹层结构植物纤维/PP复合材料的综合性能最佳。

夹层结构斜削区蜂窝滑移机理及改善研究

基于蜂窝夹层结构固化原理分析和蜂窝在180℃高温下的力学性能分析,构建了蜂窝滑移受力模型,确定了影响蜂窝滑移的4个关键因素,分别为蜂窝侧向抗压能力、层间摩擦系数、蜂窝芯边缘倒角和固化压差。针对关键因素进一步分析,表明分别影响4个关键因素的子因素及其影响作用。同时提出了抑制蜂窝滑移的有效措施:1)最靠近蜂窝芯的铺层(推荐0/90°织物)延伸至零件边缘以便进行外力(防滑带、玻璃纤维等)拴系;2)工艺手段(浸胶法、胶膜法、隔膜法等稳定化方法)提高蜂窝侧向抗压能力。

Effect of Degree of Cure on Sandwich Structural Capacitor Using Ion-Conductive Polymer with Carbon Fabric Skins

Structural capacitors are composite structures that function as energy storage capacitors. An electric double-layer capacitor with a composite structure using a solid polymer electrolyte matrix with a glass fiber fabric separator has recently been developed. In the present study, new foam core sandwich structure is adopted and the effect of the degree of cure is experimentally investigated. Carbon fiber fabric cloth is used as electrodes, and the polystyrene foam core is used as separator. Material system of Poly Ethylene Glycol DiGlycidyl Ether (PEGDGE) with Lithium bisTriFluoromethane Sulfonyl Imide (LiTFSI) and hardener of TriEthylene TetrAmine (TETA) is adopted as ion-conductive polymer matrix. The effect of the cure degree is experimentally investigated by using 100% cure degree, 70% cure degree and 0% cure degree specimens. As a result, the polystyrene foam-core sandwich system is proved to be effective, but the capacitance is not enough because of the lack of surface area of the carbon fiber electrodes. As the remained TETA impedes the movement of Li+ cation in the solid polymer by means of the segment-motion-assisted diffusion process, the low degree of cure causes small capacitance with this material system.

雷达吸波复合材料外观失效机理分析及控制方法研究

目的解决多层泡沫夹芯结构的雷达吸波复合材料在环境效应下产生外观失效的问题。方法制备3种类型的雷达吸波复合材料,开展典型自然环境试验。观察试验样品外观状态,并检测变形量。通过观察泡沫的微观组织形貌,检测热膨胀量变化及泡沫与树脂间的粘黏强度,用气相色谱质谱联用仪GCMS检测复合材料裂解气体成分,分析复合材料外观失效成因,并提出解决技术途径。结果6个月自然环境试验后,1#、2#样品外观失效,而3#样品无明显变化。复合材料100℃裂解气体成分为氮气、二氯一氟乙烷、甲基膦酸二甲脂。4种泡沫在22~85℃的最大热膨胀量分别为–0.18%、–0.37%、–0.30%、–0.45%。环氧树脂与4种泡沫的粘黏强度在41~52 N,而聚氨酯树脂达到了54~81 N。结论雷达吸波复合材料泡孔内残留气体的释放,是导致外观失效的根本原因。通过热处理工艺,减少样品残留气体量,并提升胶黏剂与泡沫的粘黏复合强度,是提升复合材料环境适应性的有效技术途径。

内嵌聚甲基丙烯酰亚胺泡沫的碳纤维增强复合材料蜂窝夹层结构水中抗爆试验研究

为了分析新型内嵌聚甲基丙烯酰亚胺(Polymethacrylimide,PMI)泡沫的碳纤维增强复合材料蜂窝夹层结构的水中抗爆性能,开展了水中爆炸作用下结构抗爆性能试验研究,对比了均质钢板、纯蜂窝夹芯夹层结构以及内嵌两种不同密度PMI泡沫蜂窝夹芯夹层结构的水中抗爆性能,分析了结构变形与破坏模式、结构表面压力特性以及结构后面板变形情况。结果表明,内嵌泡沫能够有效提升夹层结构的水中抗爆性能。研究结果可以为水中抗爆防护结构的轻量化设计及优化提供参考。

穿孔泡沫夹层复合材料低速冲击性能试验研究

针对普通泡沫夹层复合材料层间性能较弱的问题,提出在泡沫上预先打孔的方法,在泡沫芯材中形成胶钉从而提高泡沫夹层材料的力学性能,并对穿孔泡沫夹层复合材料的低速冲击性能进行了研究。通过手糊和真空辅助成形工艺制备穿孔泡沫夹层复合材料试验件,对其进行不同能量的低速冲击试验,记录接触力、冲头位移和能量吸收率等力学响应,并采用目视检测和超声C扫无损检测两种方法确定冲击损伤的范围,探究胶钉密度、打孔深度和泡沫槽宽等变量对穿孔泡沫夹层复合材料低速冲击阻抗性能的影响。试验结果表明,随着冲击能量的增加,最大接触力、最大冲头位移和残余变形均增加,凹坑深度和内部损伤面积也增大,同时结构的能量吸收率也有所提高;适当地增加胶钉密度和泡沫槽宽能提高穿孔泡沫夹层材料的低速冲击阻抗性能,而泡沫孔深度对其冲击性能的影响较小。

复材框架结构泡沫夹芯舱门制造技术

复材框架结构泡沫夹芯舱门组件由多种次级零件叠层胶接装配,次级零件热压蠕变特性、不同叠层装配区域容差分配、工装结构细节设计都将影响舱门制造精度。为了解决这一难题,研究了厚度70mm Cascell 52WH-HT低密度泡沫芯材,在(0.25±0.02)MPa压力下热压蠕变情况,泡沫芯厚度方向较固化前出现热压蠕变比率为-0.7%,并确定了泡沫芯工艺补偿量计算方法;依据舱门气动外形面高精度指标要求,分类设计了不同叠层装配区域容差计算方法,形成了叠层装配区容差计算公式,并实践验证了理论公式可行性;结合舱门框架加强的结构特点,设计并制造了专用成型胶接夹具;采用二次胶接工艺完成复材框架结构泡沫夹芯舱门零件制造,各项指标满足工程技术要求。

Kagome点阵夹芯结构平压性能研究

采用有限元数值仿真和试验验证相结合的方法研究了复合材料Kagome点阵夹芯结构的平压性能,分析了不同结构参数对Kagome点阵夹芯结构平压性能及失效模式的影响。结果表明,在平压载荷下,杆件直径对Kagome点阵夹芯结构的平压峰值载荷幅度影响较大,而芯子高度和杆件角度对峰值载荷幅度影响较小,夹芯结构失效的主要形式有杆件变形最大处断裂、杆件与面板连接处断裂、杆件交叉连接处断裂等。通过对比Kagome点阵夹芯结构有限元数值仿真结果与平压试验结果,验证了有限元模型的可靠性。

复合材料泡沫夹芯结构在小型无人机中的应用

无人机具有零生命损伤、操作灵活、功能多样、环境适应性强等优势,在社会各领域发挥着重要作用。小型无人机具有风险低、重量轻、总体尺寸小等特点,这对其结构提出了保证性能、控制成本的设计要求。复合材料泡沫夹芯结构能够在保证结构承载的前提下,最大程度减轻结构重量,同时在工艺方面具有一体化成型的成本优势。本文对泡沫夹芯结构的结构特点、性能优势、材料选择、成型工艺进行重点介绍,并探究了泡沫夹芯结构在小型无人机结构中的应用,为小型无人机机体结构设计提供参考。