We seek a discussion about the most suitable feedback control structure for stock trading under the consideration of proportional transaction costs. Suitability refers to robustness and performance capability. Both ar...We seek a discussion about the most suitable feedback control structure for stock trading under the consideration of proportional transaction costs. Suitability refers to robustness and performance capability. Both are tested by considering different one-step ahead prediction qualities, including the ideal case (perfect price-ahead prediction), correct prediction of the direction of change in daily stock prices and the worst-case (wrong price rate sign-prediction at all sampling intervals). Feedback control structures are partitioned into two general classes: stochastic model predictive control (SMPC) and genetic. For the former class, three controllers are discussed, whereby it is distinguished between two Markowitz- and one dynamic hedging-inspired SMPC formulation. For the latter class, five trading algorithms are disucssed, whereby it is distinguished between two different moving average (MA) based strategies, two trading range (TR) based strategies, and one strategy based on historical optimal (HistOpt) trajectories. This paper also gives a preliminary discussion about how modified dynamic hedging-inspired SMPC formulations may serve as alternatives to Markowitz portfolio optimization. The combinations of all of the eight controllers with five different one-step ahead prediction methods are backtested for daily trading of the 30 components of the German stock market index DAX for the time period between November 27, 2015 and November 25, 2016.展开更多
为抑制风电、光伏的波动性,文章建立了梯级水-风-光互补系统的多目标优化调度模型,同时考虑了调度成本与水电出力波动性,提出了一种基于自适应随机模型预测控制的梯级水-风-光高效协调优化方法。该方法利用场景削减技术,进一步抑制风光...为抑制风电、光伏的波动性,文章建立了梯级水-风-光互补系统的多目标优化调度模型,同时考虑了调度成本与水电出力波动性,提出了一种基于自适应随机模型预测控制的梯级水-风-光高效协调优化方法。该方法利用场景削减技术,进一步抑制风光出力不确定性,并采用自适应变权重方法自动调整多目标权重系数。文章比较了方法改进前、后以及梯级水电站数量对互补系统优化调度结果的影响。系统仿真表明,所提自适应(Stochastic Model Predictive Control,SMPC)方法,可有效抑制风电、光伏的不确定性与波动性,提高水电出力的可靠性与稳定性.展开更多
With increasing restrictions on ship carbon emis-sions,it has become a trend for ships to use zero-carbon energy such as solar to replace traditional fossil energy.However,uncer-tainties of solar energy and load affec...With increasing restrictions on ship carbon emis-sions,it has become a trend for ships to use zero-carbon energy such as solar to replace traditional fossil energy.However,uncer-tainties of solar energy and load affect safe and stable operation of the ship microgrid.In order to deal with uncertainties and real-time requirements and promote application of ship zero-carbon energy,we propose a real-time energy management strategy based on data-driven stochastic model predictive control.First,we establish a ship photovoltaic and load scenario set consid-ering time-sequential correlation of prediction error through three steps.Three steps include probability prediction,equal probability inverse transformation scenario set generation,and simultaneous backward method scenario set reduction.Second,combined with scenario prediction information and rolling op-timization feedback correction,we propose a stochastic model predictive control energy management strategy.In each scenario,the proposed strategy has the lowest expected operational cost of control output.Then,we train the random forest machine learn-ing regression algorithm to carry out multivariable regression on samples generated by running the stochastic model predictive control.Finally,a low-carbon ship microgrid with photovoltaic is simulated.Simulation results demonstrate the proposed strategy can achieve both real-time application of the strategy,as well as operational cost and carbon emission optimization performance close to stochastic model predictive control.Index Terms-Data-driven stochastic model predictive control,low-carbon ship microgrid,machine learning,real-time energy management,time-sequential correlation.展开更多
含光储充的主动配电网作为一种灵活的新型调节资源,可通过聚合其内部的多类分布式电源组成配网虚拟电厂(distribution-level virtual power plant,DVPP)进而整体参与系统二次调频,具有广阔的发展前景。但实际配电网内部情况复杂,存在储...含光储充的主动配电网作为一种灵活的新型调节资源,可通过聚合其内部的多类分布式电源组成配网虚拟电厂(distribution-level virtual power plant,DVPP)进而整体参与系统二次调频,具有广阔的发展前景。但实际配电网内部情况复杂,存在储能配置有限导致可调容量不足、光伏短时出力难以预测导致控制不精确、功率分配不合理导致内部电压越限的问题,传统虚拟电厂调频策略难以适用。针对上述问题,提出了一种基于随机模型预测控制(stochastic model predictive control,SMPC)的DVPP二次调频策略,通过聚合模型设计、光伏不确定功率的场景树模型搭建、SMPC策略设计的方式实现了分布式电源出力扰动情况下DVPP快速、准确响应自动发电控制(automatic generation control,AGC)指令的目标,并有效降低了功率调节对系统内部电压的影响,为DVPP参与系统二次调频提供了理论基础。展开更多
为解决网联汽车由于驾驶员误差存在导致的速度轨迹偏移问题,本文提出一种实时的考虑驾驶员误差的网联混合车队生态驾驶策略。首先通过实车试验采集不同驾驶员的驾驶员误差数据,建立基于马尔可夫链的驾驶员误差模型,用于预测未来一段时...为解决网联汽车由于驾驶员误差存在导致的速度轨迹偏移问题,本文提出一种实时的考虑驾驶员误差的网联混合车队生态驾驶策略。首先通过实车试验采集不同驾驶员的驾驶员误差数据,建立基于马尔可夫链的驾驶员误差模型,用于预测未来一段时间的驾驶员误差。然后以最小化整个车队的燃油消耗为优化目标,将车队速度轨迹优化问题描述为一个最优控制问题,采用快速随机模型预测控制(fast stochastic model predictive control,FSMPC)算法求解车队中网联汽车的最优速度轨迹。仿真和智能网联微缩车试验结果表明,相比于传统的基于快速模型预测控制(fast model predictive control,FMPC)的生态驾驶策略,本文所提出的生态驾驶策略能够有效减小车辆的速度轨迹偏移,并降低整个车队的燃油消耗,且满足实时性要求。展开更多
In real-world scenarios,the uncertainty of measurements cannot be handled efficiently by traditional model predictive control(MPC).A stochastic MPC(SMPC)method for handling the uncertainty of states in autonomous driv...In real-world scenarios,the uncertainty of measurements cannot be handled efficiently by traditional model predictive control(MPC).A stochastic MPC(SMPC)method for handling the uncertainty of states in autonomous driving lane-keeping scenarios is presented in this paper.A probabilistic system is constructed by considering the variance of states.The probabilistic problem is then transformed into a solvable deterministic optimization problem in two steps.First,the cost function is separated into mean and variance components.The mean component is calculated online,whereas the variance component can be calculated offline.Second,Cantelli’s inequality is adopted for the deterministic reformulation of constraints.Consequently,the original probabilistic problem is transformed into a quadratic programming problem.To validate the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed control method,we compared the SMPC controller with a traditional MPC controller in a lane-keeping scenario.The results demonstrate that the SMPC controller is more effective overall and produces smaller steady-state distance errors.展开更多
When heavy-duty commercial vehicles(HDCVs)must engage in emergency braking,uncertain conditions such as the brake pressure and road profile variations will inevitably affect braking control.To minimize these uncertain...When heavy-duty commercial vehicles(HDCVs)must engage in emergency braking,uncertain conditions such as the brake pressure and road profile variations will inevitably affect braking control.To minimize these uncertainties,we propose a combined longitudinal and lateral controller method based on stochastic model predictive control(SMPC)that is achieved via Chebyshev–Cantelli inequality.In our method,SMPC calculates braking control inputs based on a finite time prediction that is achieved by solving stochastic programming elements,including chance constraints.To accomplish this,SMPC explicitly describes the probabilistic uncertainties to be used when designing a robust control strategy.The main contribution of this paper is the proposal of a braking control formulation that is robust against probabilistic friction circle uncertainty effects.More specifically,the use of Chebyshev–Cantelli inequality suppresses road profile influences,which have characteristics that are different from the Gaussian distribution,thereby improving both braking robustness and control performance against statistical disturbances.Additionally,since the Kalman filtering(KF)algorithm is used to obtain the expectation and covariance used for calculating deterministic transformed chance constraints,the SMPC is reformulated as a KF embedded deterministic MPC.Herein,the effectiveness of our proposed method is verified via a MATLAB/Simulink and TruckSim co-simulation.展开更多
风电制氢进而合成氨(power to ammonia,P2A)是规模化消纳可再生发电资源,实现电力与化工行业碳减排的潜在技术路线之一。利用电制氢作为媒介,P2A可作为大型工业负荷参与电网能量平衡调节。然而,P2A负荷受化学工艺及过程控制的限制,负载...风电制氢进而合成氨(power to ammonia,P2A)是规模化消纳可再生发电资源,实现电力与化工行业碳减排的潜在技术路线之一。利用电制氢作为媒介,P2A可作为大型工业负荷参与电网能量平衡调节。然而,P2A负荷受化学工艺及过程控制的限制,负载调控惯性较大,当风电出力偏离预测轨迹时P2A负荷难以快速响应。为此,提出计及风电出力时序不确定性的P2A负荷随机最优控制方法。首先建立P2A系统柔性调控的状态空间模型。其次,考虑合成氨工段的调节惯性与风电出力时序相关性的耦合影响,基于伊藤过程建模风电出力的不确定性,构造随机动力学约束的P2A系统优化控制模型。之后,基于动态轨迹灵敏度分解,将随机动力学优化问题变换为确定性二阶锥规划,并采用随机模型预测控制(stochastic model predictive control,SMPC)滚动求解,有效避免了传统基于随机抽样模拟的方法计算复杂度高、求解效率低的问题。算例分析表明,与确定性控制相比,所提方法能够充分发挥合成氨柔性生产的优势,提升P2A负荷消纳波动性风电的能力。展开更多
针对卫星编队重构问题,提出了一种具有随机不确定性、推力约束和避障能力的随机模型预测控制(Stochastic model predictive control,SMPC)方法。由于不确定性的概率是有限的,足以违反约束条件,给随机不确定性的考虑带来了巨大的挑战。S...针对卫星编队重构问题,提出了一种具有随机不确定性、推力约束和避障能力的随机模型预测控制(Stochastic model predictive control,SMPC)方法。由于不确定性的概率是有限的,足以违反约束条件,给随机不确定性的考虑带来了巨大的挑战。SMPC利用概率不确定性描述来定义机会约束,通过引入约束违反概率,为处理约束的随机效应提供了一种有效的方法,且上述方法仅需知道不确定性的均值和方差。将SMPC问题转化为确定性凸问题,提出了一种切比雪夫不等式,将机会约束转化为确定性约束。最后对卫星编队重构问题进行了数值模拟,验证了SMPC算法的可行性和优越性。展开更多
文摘We seek a discussion about the most suitable feedback control structure for stock trading under the consideration of proportional transaction costs. Suitability refers to robustness and performance capability. Both are tested by considering different one-step ahead prediction qualities, including the ideal case (perfect price-ahead prediction), correct prediction of the direction of change in daily stock prices and the worst-case (wrong price rate sign-prediction at all sampling intervals). Feedback control structures are partitioned into two general classes: stochastic model predictive control (SMPC) and genetic. For the former class, three controllers are discussed, whereby it is distinguished between two Markowitz- and one dynamic hedging-inspired SMPC formulation. For the latter class, five trading algorithms are disucssed, whereby it is distinguished between two different moving average (MA) based strategies, two trading range (TR) based strategies, and one strategy based on historical optimal (HistOpt) trajectories. This paper also gives a preliminary discussion about how modified dynamic hedging-inspired SMPC formulations may serve as alternatives to Markowitz portfolio optimization. The combinations of all of the eight controllers with five different one-step ahead prediction methods are backtested for daily trading of the 30 components of the German stock market index DAX for the time period between November 27, 2015 and November 25, 2016.
文摘为抑制风电、光伏的波动性,文章建立了梯级水-风-光互补系统的多目标优化调度模型,同时考虑了调度成本与水电出力波动性,提出了一种基于自适应随机模型预测控制的梯级水-风-光高效协调优化方法。该方法利用场景削减技术,进一步抑制风光出力不确定性,并采用自适应变权重方法自动调整多目标权重系数。文章比较了方法改进前、后以及梯级水电站数量对互补系统优化调度结果的影响。系统仿真表明,所提自适应(Stochastic Model Predictive Control,SMPC)方法,可有效抑制风电、光伏的不确定性与波动性,提高水电出力的可靠性与稳定性.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52177110)and the Shenzhen Science and Technology Program(No.JCYJ20210324131409026)。
文摘With increasing restrictions on ship carbon emis-sions,it has become a trend for ships to use zero-carbon energy such as solar to replace traditional fossil energy.However,uncer-tainties of solar energy and load affect safe and stable operation of the ship microgrid.In order to deal with uncertainties and real-time requirements and promote application of ship zero-carbon energy,we propose a real-time energy management strategy based on data-driven stochastic model predictive control.First,we establish a ship photovoltaic and load scenario set consid-ering time-sequential correlation of prediction error through three steps.Three steps include probability prediction,equal probability inverse transformation scenario set generation,and simultaneous backward method scenario set reduction.Second,combined with scenario prediction information and rolling op-timization feedback correction,we propose a stochastic model predictive control energy management strategy.In each scenario,the proposed strategy has the lowest expected operational cost of control output.Then,we train the random forest machine learn-ing regression algorithm to carry out multivariable regression on samples generated by running the stochastic model predictive control.Finally,a low-carbon ship microgrid with photovoltaic is simulated.Simulation results demonstrate the proposed strategy can achieve both real-time application of the strategy,as well as operational cost and carbon emission optimization performance close to stochastic model predictive control.Index Terms-Data-driven stochastic model predictive control,low-carbon ship microgrid,machine learning,real-time energy management,time-sequential correlation.
文摘含光储充的主动配电网作为一种灵活的新型调节资源,可通过聚合其内部的多类分布式电源组成配网虚拟电厂(distribution-level virtual power plant,DVPP)进而整体参与系统二次调频,具有广阔的发展前景。但实际配电网内部情况复杂,存在储能配置有限导致可调容量不足、光伏短时出力难以预测导致控制不精确、功率分配不合理导致内部电压越限的问题,传统虚拟电厂调频策略难以适用。针对上述问题,提出了一种基于随机模型预测控制(stochastic model predictive control,SMPC)的DVPP二次调频策略,通过聚合模型设计、光伏不确定功率的场景树模型搭建、SMPC策略设计的方式实现了分布式电源出力扰动情况下DVPP快速、准确响应自动发电控制(automatic generation control,AGC)指令的目标,并有效降低了功率调节对系统内部电压的影响,为DVPP参与系统二次调频提供了理论基础。
文摘为解决网联汽车由于驾驶员误差存在导致的速度轨迹偏移问题,本文提出一种实时的考虑驾驶员误差的网联混合车队生态驾驶策略。首先通过实车试验采集不同驾驶员的驾驶员误差数据,建立基于马尔可夫链的驾驶员误差模型,用于预测未来一段时间的驾驶员误差。然后以最小化整个车队的燃油消耗为优化目标,将车队速度轨迹优化问题描述为一个最优控制问题,采用快速随机模型预测控制(fast stochastic model predictive control,FSMPC)算法求解车队中网联汽车的最优速度轨迹。仿真和智能网联微缩车试验结果表明,相比于传统的基于快速模型预测控制(fast model predictive control,FMPC)的生态驾驶策略,本文所提出的生态驾驶策略能够有效减小车辆的速度轨迹偏移,并降低整个车队的燃油消耗,且满足实时性要求。
基金the Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality(No.19511103503)。
文摘In real-world scenarios,the uncertainty of measurements cannot be handled efficiently by traditional model predictive control(MPC).A stochastic MPC(SMPC)method for handling the uncertainty of states in autonomous driving lane-keeping scenarios is presented in this paper.A probabilistic system is constructed by considering the variance of states.The probabilistic problem is then transformed into a solvable deterministic optimization problem in two steps.First,the cost function is separated into mean and variance components.The mean component is calculated online,whereas the variance component can be calculated offline.Second,Cantelli’s inequality is adopted for the deterministic reformulation of constraints.Consequently,the original probabilistic problem is transformed into a quadratic programming problem.To validate the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed control method,we compared the SMPC controller with a traditional MPC controller in a lane-keeping scenario.The results demonstrate that the SMPC controller is more effective overall and produces smaller steady-state distance errors.
文摘When heavy-duty commercial vehicles(HDCVs)must engage in emergency braking,uncertain conditions such as the brake pressure and road profile variations will inevitably affect braking control.To minimize these uncertainties,we propose a combined longitudinal and lateral controller method based on stochastic model predictive control(SMPC)that is achieved via Chebyshev–Cantelli inequality.In our method,SMPC calculates braking control inputs based on a finite time prediction that is achieved by solving stochastic programming elements,including chance constraints.To accomplish this,SMPC explicitly describes the probabilistic uncertainties to be used when designing a robust control strategy.The main contribution of this paper is the proposal of a braking control formulation that is robust against probabilistic friction circle uncertainty effects.More specifically,the use of Chebyshev–Cantelli inequality suppresses road profile influences,which have characteristics that are different from the Gaussian distribution,thereby improving both braking robustness and control performance against statistical disturbances.Additionally,since the Kalman filtering(KF)algorithm is used to obtain the expectation and covariance used for calculating deterministic transformed chance constraints,the SMPC is reformulated as a KF embedded deterministic MPC.Herein,the effectiveness of our proposed method is verified via a MATLAB/Simulink and TruckSim co-simulation.
文摘风电制氢进而合成氨(power to ammonia,P2A)是规模化消纳可再生发电资源,实现电力与化工行业碳减排的潜在技术路线之一。利用电制氢作为媒介,P2A可作为大型工业负荷参与电网能量平衡调节。然而,P2A负荷受化学工艺及过程控制的限制,负载调控惯性较大,当风电出力偏离预测轨迹时P2A负荷难以快速响应。为此,提出计及风电出力时序不确定性的P2A负荷随机最优控制方法。首先建立P2A系统柔性调控的状态空间模型。其次,考虑合成氨工段的调节惯性与风电出力时序相关性的耦合影响,基于伊藤过程建模风电出力的不确定性,构造随机动力学约束的P2A系统优化控制模型。之后,基于动态轨迹灵敏度分解,将随机动力学优化问题变换为确定性二阶锥规划,并采用随机模型预测控制(stochastic model predictive control,SMPC)滚动求解,有效避免了传统基于随机抽样模拟的方法计算复杂度高、求解效率低的问题。算例分析表明,与确定性控制相比,所提方法能够充分发挥合成氨柔性生产的优势,提升P2A负荷消纳波动性风电的能力。
文摘针对卫星编队重构问题,提出了一种具有随机不确定性、推力约束和避障能力的随机模型预测控制(Stochastic model predictive control,SMPC)方法。由于不确定性的概率是有限的,足以违反约束条件,给随机不确定性的考虑带来了巨大的挑战。SMPC利用概率不确定性描述来定义机会约束,通过引入约束违反概率,为处理约束的随机效应提供了一种有效的方法,且上述方法仅需知道不确定性的均值和方差。将SMPC问题转化为确定性凸问题,提出了一种切比雪夫不等式,将机会约束转化为确定性约束。最后对卫星编队重构问题进行了数值模拟,验证了SMPC算法的可行性和优越性。