Wind-induced responses of super-large cooling towers

Traditional gust load factor(GLF)method,inertial wind load(IWL)method and tri-component method(LRC+IWL)cannot accurately analyze the wind-induced responses of super-large cooling towers,so the real combination formulas of fluctuating wind-induced responses and equivalent static wind loads(ESWLSs)were derived based on structural dynamics and random vibration theory.The consistent coupled method(CCM)was presented to compensate the coupled term between background and resonant response.Taking the super-large cooling tower(H=215 m)of nuclear power plant in Jiangxi Province,China,which is the highest and largest in China,as the example,based on modified equivalent beam-net design method,the aero-elastic model for simultaneous pressure and vibration measurement of super-large cooling tower is firstly carried out.Then,combining wind tunnel test and CCM,the effects of self-excited force on the surface pressures and wind-induced responses are discussed,and the wind-induced response characteristics of background component,resonant component,coupled term between background and resonant response,fluctuating responses,and wind vibration coefficients are discussed.It can be concluded that wind-induced response mechanism must be understood to direct the wind resistant design for super-large cooling towers.

Stochastic Response Analysis of Piled Offshore Platforms to Earthquake Load

In this paper, using the theory of stochastic analysis of the response to earthquake load, a stochastic analysis method of the response of piled platforms to earthquake load has been established. In the method, the strong ground motion is considered as three dimensional stationary white noise process and the pile-soil interaction and water-structure interaction are considered. The stochastic response of a typical platform to earthquake load has been computed with this method and the results compared with those obtained with the response spectrum analysis method. The comparison shows that the stochastic analysis method of the response of piled platforms to earthquake load is suitable for this kind of analysis.

Wind-induced vibration of single-layer reticulated shell structures

Aiming at the dynamic response of reticulated shell structures under wind load,systematic parameter analyses on wind-induced responses of Kiewitt6-6 type single-layer spherical reticulated shell structures and three-way grid single-layer cylindrical reticulated shell structures were performed with the random simulation method in time domain,including geometric parameters,structural parameters and aerodynamic parameters.Moreover,a wind-induced vibration coefficient was obtained,which can be a reference to the wind-resistance design of reticulated shell structures.The results indicate that the geometric parameters are the most important factor influencing wind-induced responses of the reticulated shell structures;the wind-induced vibration coeffi-cient is 3.0-3.2 for the spherical reticulated shell structures and that is 2.8-3.0 for the cylindrical reticula-ted shell structures,which shows that the wind-induced vibration coefficients of these two kinds of space frames are well-proportioned.

A More Precise Computation of Along Wind Dynamic Response Analysis for Tall Buildings Built in Urban Areas

Modern tall buildings are generally built in urban areas, where value of the terrain roughness length is much greater than that of the general terrain areas, therefore wind-induced vibrations become more pronounced. The present formulas of numerical analysis of wind-induced response become less accurate. A more accurate expression of along-wind load spectrum matrix is proposed. On the basis of the expression, structural analysis formula of along-wind displacement and acceleration response are developed and programmed. The rationality of these formulas are illustrated in examples.

BTA深孔加工镗杆的横向随机振动

采用随机方法分析了蕴含轴向流动流体的BTA(boring and trepanning association)深孔镗杆在随机力下的横向随机动力行为。建模时考察了流固耦合镗杆承受的弯曲、拉伸和扭转变形;经Galerkin Method离散化处理,分析了BTA镗杆在有、无随机激励两种情况的特征值和特征频率对振动特性的影响;利用响应方差最大值和谱密度解析了BTA镗杆横向振动的临界转速与临界失稳频率;明确了镗杆随转速、刚度、初始轴向总力和剪切模量等参数变化对系统振动特性的影响机制:镗杆转速变化对系统稳定性不再具有单调性,随BTA镗杆转速持续增加,系统可历经两次转速的临界失稳,相继出现二次失稳和二次稳定;增加系统等效刚度和等效剪切模量会促进工作过程的稳定,改变轴向力对工作过程稳定的影响不明显;并以随机振动物理试验信号的功率谱分析,验证了理论仿真结果与试验结果的一致性。该研究在一定程度上揭示了BTA深孔工艺系统运动状态的复杂性,这种研究模式为进一步分析在复杂状态下的运动演化提供了更多的可能。研究结论为更好地理解BTA深孔镗杆工作时的随机动力行为提供了依据,也为BTA深孔工艺过程的振动控制和参数优化奠定了理论基础。

基于随机行走模型的行人实感振动响应分析

针对人群荷载随机性对行人振动感知的影响,研究随机行走模型中行人感知振动响应动态变化规律.首先,基于随机人群行走模型,建立了考虑行人实感的竖向振动响应分析方法 .然后,对比分析不同随机行走模型下行人实感最大振动响应、出现时刻以及位置区间上的变化规律.最后,通过研究行人实感最大振动响应与结构跨中峰值加速度之间的相关关系,定义振动响应折减系数和变异系数,提出行人实感最大振动响应的近似计算方法 .研究结果表明:有序排列模型(Ordered Arrangement Model,OAM)、随机到达模型(Stochastic Arrival Model,SAM)、随机分布模型(Stochastic Distribution Mode, SDM)、动态平衡模型(Dynamic Equilibrium Model, DEM)4种人群行走模型下,行人实感的最大加速度响应服从近似的正态分布,OAM的值域范围大于其他3类模型;最大响应出现位置以及出现时刻取决于行人的行走方式,随人群密度增长无明显变化;OAM与SAM分布规律相同,出现时刻主要集中在总时程内的中间段,而SDM与DEM分布相对均匀;行人实感的最大响应计算值与实际值最大误差不超过5%.

输电塔体内拉索——杠杆惯容阻尼系统风振控制及参数优化

输电塔作为受风控制的高耸空间钢结构,风振控制技术是解决铁塔风灾受损、倒塔的重要技术手段之一。针对现有输电塔风振控制技术适应性不足的问题,提出了可在自立式输电塔体内布置的拉索-杠杆式旋转惯容阻尼器(CLRID)和优化设计方法。首先推导了CLRID典型平面刚架运动方程,然后开展了基于脉动风荷载特性的CLRID减振性能参数分析,最后考虑塔架性能需求对CLRID进行参数优化,得到固定布置夹角下的CLRID最优设计参数。研究结果表明,除惯容对阻尼单元变形的放大效应外,杠杆可实现对阻尼单元的二次放大作用,继续增大阻尼器行程,可弥补传统体内拉索体系斜向布置的缺陷,使具有不同拉索布置角度的CLRID对塔架具有相同的位移响应控制效果。同时,通过参数优化分析,CLRID拉索布置角度可控制在30°~50°,杠杆放大系数可控制在1~2。当确定目标减振比后,基于输电塔塔架性能的优化设计方法可使CLRID实现精准的风振控制。

Statistical extremes and peak factors in wind-induced vibration of tall buildings

In the structural design of tall buildings, peak factors have been widely used to predict mean extreme responses of tall buildings under wind excitations. Vanmarcke＇s peak factor is directly related to an explicit measure of structural reliability against a Gaussian response process. We review the use of this factor for time-variant reliability design by comparing it to the conven- tional Davenport＇s peak factor. Based on the asymptotic theory of statistical extremes, a new closed-form peak factor, the so-called Gamma peak factor, can be obtained for a non-Gaussian resultant response characterized by a Rayleigh distribution process. Using the Gamma peak factor, a combined peak factor method was developed for predicting the expected maximum resultant responses of a building undergoing lateral-torsional vibration. The effects of the standard deviation ratio of two sway components and the inter-component correlation on the evaluation of peak resultant response were also investigated. Utilizing wind tunnel data derived from synchronous multi-pressure measurements, we carried out a wind-induced time history response analysis of the Common- wealth Advisory Aeronautical Research Council （CAARC） standard tall building to validate the applicability of the Gamma peak factor to the prediction of the peak resultant acceleration. Results from the building example indicated that the use of the Gamma peak factor enables accurate predictions to be made of the mean extreme resultant acceleration responses for dynamic service- ability performance design of modem tall buildings.

Wind Pressure Distribution and Wind-induced Dynamic Response for Spatial Groined Latticed Vaults

The wind pressure distribution and wind-induced vibration responses of long-span spatial groined latticed vaults （SGLVs） were numerically simulated, which always are ones of the most important problems in the structural wind resistance design. Incompressible visco-fluid model was introduced, and the standard k - two equation model and semi-implicit method for pressure linked equation （SIMPLE） were used to describe the flow turbulence. Furthermore, the structural dynamic equation was set up, which is solved by Newmark-fl method. And several sort of wind-induced vibration coefficients such as the wind-induced vibration coefficient corresponding to the nodal displacement responses and wind loads were suggested. In the numerical simulation where the SGLV consisting of the cylindrical sectors with different curved surface was chosen as the example, the influence on the relative wind pressure distribution and structural wind-induced vibration responses of the closed or open SGLV caused by such parameters as the number of cylindrical sectors, structural curvature and the ratio of rise to span was investigated. Finally, some useful conclusions on the local wind pressure distribution on the structural surface and the wind-induced vibration coefficients of SGLV were developed.

Wind-induced vibration control of Hefei TV tower with fluid viscous damper

The Hefei TV tower is taken as an analytical case to examine the control method with a fluid viscous damper under wind load fluctuation.Firstly,according to the random vibration theory,the effect of fluctuating wind on the tower can be modeled as a 19-dimensional correlated random process,and the wind-induced vibration analysis of the tower subjected to dynamic wind load was further obtained.On the basis of the others'works,a bi-model dynamic model is proposed.Finally,a dynamic model is proposed to study the wind-induced vibration control analysis using viscous fluid dampers,and the optimal damping coefficient is obtained regarding the wind-induced response of the upper turret as optimization objectives.Analysis results show that the maximum peak response of the tower under dynamic wind load is far beyond the allowable range of the code.The wind-induced responses and the wind vibration input energy of the tower are decreased greatly by using a fluid viscous damper,and the peak acceleration responses of the upper turret is reduced by 43.4%.

考虑SSI效应的层间隔震结构自振特性及随机响应分析

基于水平摇摆阻尼系统模型,建立土-层间隔震结构简化分析模型,将地基土等效到上部结构,推导得到简化模型动力特性参数表达式,并通过对结构周期比及振型参与位移进行分析,讨论质量比及土体剪切波速对层间隔震结构自振特性的影响规律。利用虚拟激励法及均匀调制非平稳随机响应分析方法,分别从时域和频域角度分析不同场地条件下SSI效应对层间隔震结构的振动响应影响。结果表明:在刚性地基下,结构质量比对结构周期比及振型参与位移的影响较小,SSI效应放大了各子结构响应,尤其对下部子结构响应影响最大,各子结构在场地土差异下变化明显,软土场地下各子结构响应变大。

层间隔震体系的理论研究

通过建立层间隔震体系的两质点简化分析模型与多质点动力时程分析模型,提出层间隔震体系隔震层参数优化设计的方法,系统地研究了层间隔震体系当隔震层位置变化时其相应的减震工作机理,结果表明随着隔震层位置下移,层间隔震体系减震机理由TMD调谐逐步过渡为隔震耗能,在结构动力特性上体现为前两阶模态质量参与系数的比例发生变化。最后通过某10层框架结构的仿真分析,验证了层间隔震体系在控制地震下反应的有效性,并发现隔震层位置越低减震效果越明显,隔震层的阻尼能够有效地抑制隔震层下部子结构的反应。

计及列车车体随机振动影响时受电弓的随机动力响应

运用随机平均法研究计及列车随机振动影响时受电弓的随机动力响应。首先建立列车随机振动影响下受电弓的动力学理论模型与运动微分方程,然后运用随机平均法得到关于受电弓振幅的伊藤随机微分方程,求解与该方程相应的FPK方程,从而得到计及列车随机振动影响时受电弓的稳态响应以及弓网间离线概率的解析解。结果表明,列车车体随机振动对弓网间的受流质量有较大影响,且随着列车速度的提高影响逐渐变大;随着列车振动强度增大,弓网间受流质量明显降低;当速度参数接近1,弓网间发生主共振,受流质量会严重恶化。

柔性夹具动态特性对随机振动试验的影响

大型试件的振动试验通常采用的是柔性夹具。本文计算了柔性夹具对试件加速度响应的影响。分析结果表明,在振动控制试验谱满足容差要求的前提下,即使将控制点选取在柔性夹具与试件的接界面连上,如果控制点与连接界面上非控制点间刚性较弱,则试件上的响应也可能与理想值存在较大差异。

桥梁抗震设计规范实用功率谱

首先扼要阐述了结构抗震分析中反应谱与功率谱方法的优缺点 ,指出桥梁抗震设计规范中引入功率谱方法的必要性 ;利用反应谱与功率谱之间的关系将抗震设计规范加速度反应谱转化为功率谱 ,为桥梁抗震设计规范采用随机振动分析方法提供了与规范反应谱相协调的功率谱密度 .

夹具特性与振动控制方式对试件响应的影响

由于夹具是振动环境试验中一个重要的参试部件,对于相同的试件,采用不同的夹具和试验控制方式,可能会对试验结果产生不同程度的影响。针对某导弹战斗部,采用ANSYS软件分析了两种不同夹具及两种控制方式对试验测点加速度响应的影响。结果表明,虽然振动控制满足要求,但夹具力学特性和试验控制方式的不同,对复杂试件上测点响应的影响是比较明显的。

钢丝绳隔振器综合力学性能试验研究

针对某电子器件同时承受强振动和过载的隔振设计要求,通过试验研究三种不同刚度的钢丝绳隔振器兼顾隔振、隔冲和抗过载的综合能力。试验结果表明,刚度较大的隔振器在承受高量级随机激励时具有一定的隔振能力、抗冲击和过载的性能较好。钢丝绳隔振器具有明显的非线性特性,只能对其进行特定条件下的参数识别。

平稳随机激励下线性随机桁架结构动力响应分析

考虑桁架结构的物理参数、几何尺寸的随机性 ,利用求解随机变量函数矩的方法和求解随机变量数字特征的代数综合法 ,从结构平稳随机响应在频域上的表达式出发 ,导出了随机桁架结构在平稳随机激励下位移响应均方值和应力响应均方值的均值、方差和变异系数的计算表达式。通过算例考察了结构物理参数和几何尺寸的随机性对结构位移响应均方值和应力响应均方值随机变量随机性的影响 ,并获得了一些有意义的结论。

桥梁工作模态分析中阻尼比识别的离散性研究

准确识别阻尼比一直是桥梁结构模态参数识别的难题。为研究工作模态分析中识别的阻尼比离散性问题,总结了现有的代表性的频域、时域和时频分析的阻尼比识别方法,指出了各种方法导致识别结果不准确的原因。以一个预应力混凝土连续梁桥的工作模态分析为例,分析了阻尼比识别的结果,研究了减小识别的阻尼比离散性的方法。结果表明:相对频率而言,阻尼比识别结果离散程度较高;在混合自由振动响应的情况下,通过增加采样时间,能改善阻尼比识别离散较大的问题,提高识别精度;利用振动水平较低的随机振动响应识别的阻尼比离散性较小。

多年冻土区桩基础桥墩随机地震反应分析

将随机振动理论、粘弹性边界条件的二维波动法以及结构动力分析有限元法结合起来,考虑场地地震动为零均值的高斯平稳随机过程,对青藏铁路多年冻土区桩基础桥墩进行了随机地震反应分析,计算了9度地震作用下桥墩随机地震响应最大值的均值和均方差,分析了冻土层及桥墩高度对桥墩随机地震响应的影响。