Pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms(panNEN)are a heterogeneous group of tumors with differing pathological,genetic,and clinical features.Based on clinical findings,they may be categorized into functioning and nonfunct...Pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms(panNEN)are a heterogeneous group of tumors with differing pathological,genetic,and clinical features.Based on clinical findings,they may be categorized into functioning and nonfunctioning tumors.Adoption of the 2017 World Health Organization classification system,particularly its differentiation between grade 3,well-differentiated pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors(panNET)and grade 3,poorly-differentiated pancreatic neuroendocrine carcinomas(panNEC)has emphasized the role imaging plays in characterizing these lesions.Endoscopic ultrasound can help obtain biopsy specimen and assess tumor margins and local spread.Enhancement patterns on computed tomography(CT)and magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)may be used to classify panNEN.Contrast enhanced MRI and diffusion-weighted imaging have been reported to be useful for characterization of panNEN and quantifying metastatic burden.Current and emerging radiotracers have broadened the utility of functional imaging in evaluating panNEN.Fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography(PET)/CT and somatostatin receptor imaging such as Gallium-681,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid–octreotate PET/CT may be useful for improved identification of panNEN in comparison to anatomic modalities.These new techniques can also play a direct role in optimizing the selection of treatment for individuals and predicting tumor response based on somatostatin receptor expression.In addition,emerging methods of radiomics such as texture analysis may be a potential tool for staging and outcome prediction in panNEN,however further investigation is required before clinical implementation.展开更多
Early detection of skeletal metastasis is critical for accurate staging and optimal treatment. This paper briefly reviews our current understanding of the biological mechanisms through which tumours metastasise to bon...Early detection of skeletal metastasis is critical for accurate staging and optimal treatment. This paper briefly reviews our current understanding of the biological mechanisms through which tumours metastasise to bone and describes the available imaging methods to diagnose bone metastasis and monitor response to treatment. Among the various imaging modalities currently available for imaging skeletal metastasis, hybrid techniques whichfuse morphological and functional data are the most sensitive and specific, and positron emission tomography(PET)/computed tomography and PET/magnetic resonance imaging will almost certainly continue to evolve and become increasingly important in this regard.展开更多
患者女,56岁,因“双侧甲状腺乳头状癌”接受“甲状腺全切术+颈部淋巴结清扫术”后1月余;检出糖尿病3个月。查体:颈前见横向手术瘢痕,余未见明显异常。实验室检查:促甲状腺素(thyroid stimulating hormone,TSH)92.72μIU/ml,血清刺激性...患者女,56岁,因“双侧甲状腺乳头状癌”接受“甲状腺全切术+颈部淋巴结清扫术”后1月余;检出糖尿病3个月。查体:颈前见横向手术瘢痕,余未见明显异常。实验室检查:促甲状腺素(thyroid stimulating hormone,TSH)92.72μIU/ml,血清刺激性甲状腺球蛋白(thyroglobulin,Tg)>479ng/ml。行^(131)I清除残余甲状腺组织(简称清甲)治疗后全身显像(^(131)I post therapy whole body scan,Rx-WBS)见颈部多发淋巴结及双肺多发结节^(131)I浓聚。展开更多
文摘Pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms(panNEN)are a heterogeneous group of tumors with differing pathological,genetic,and clinical features.Based on clinical findings,they may be categorized into functioning and nonfunctioning tumors.Adoption of the 2017 World Health Organization classification system,particularly its differentiation between grade 3,well-differentiated pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors(panNET)and grade 3,poorly-differentiated pancreatic neuroendocrine carcinomas(panNEC)has emphasized the role imaging plays in characterizing these lesions.Endoscopic ultrasound can help obtain biopsy specimen and assess tumor margins and local spread.Enhancement patterns on computed tomography(CT)and magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)may be used to classify panNEN.Contrast enhanced MRI and diffusion-weighted imaging have been reported to be useful for characterization of panNEN and quantifying metastatic burden.Current and emerging radiotracers have broadened the utility of functional imaging in evaluating panNEN.Fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography(PET)/CT and somatostatin receptor imaging such as Gallium-681,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid–octreotate PET/CT may be useful for improved identification of panNEN in comparison to anatomic modalities.These new techniques can also play a direct role in optimizing the selection of treatment for individuals and predicting tumor response based on somatostatin receptor expression.In addition,emerging methods of radiomics such as texture analysis may be a potential tool for staging and outcome prediction in panNEN,however further investigation is required before clinical implementation.
文摘Early detection of skeletal metastasis is critical for accurate staging and optimal treatment. This paper briefly reviews our current understanding of the biological mechanisms through which tumours metastasise to bone and describes the available imaging methods to diagnose bone metastasis and monitor response to treatment. Among the various imaging modalities currently available for imaging skeletal metastasis, hybrid techniques whichfuse morphological and functional data are the most sensitive and specific, and positron emission tomography(PET)/computed tomography and PET/magnetic resonance imaging will almost certainly continue to evolve and become increasingly important in this regard.
文摘患者女,56岁,因“双侧甲状腺乳头状癌”接受“甲状腺全切术+颈部淋巴结清扫术”后1月余;检出糖尿病3个月。查体:颈前见横向手术瘢痕,余未见明显异常。实验室检查:促甲状腺素(thyroid stimulating hormone,TSH)92.72μIU/ml,血清刺激性甲状腺球蛋白(thyroglobulin,Tg)>479ng/ml。行^(131)I清除残余甲状腺组织(简称清甲)治疗后全身显像(^(131)I post therapy whole body scan,Rx-WBS)见颈部多发淋巴结及双肺多发结节^(131)I浓聚。
