Evaluation of a Newly Developed Laser Pen as a Home Care Device for Pain Reduction of Recurrent Aphthous Stomatitis (Preliminary Study)

Objective: The aim of this survey is to evaluate the effect of a new developed laser pen as a home care device for patients’ pain reduction with recurrent aphthous stomatitis. Background data: Recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS) is one of the most common and painful ulcers in the oral cavity. Low Level Laser Therapy (LLLT) has been used successfully for reducing pain and healing time in comparison with corticosteroids and placebo in some studies. But these treatments are done in the clinics and it seems that there is no report of the laser treatment as a home care device up to this study. Methods: This was a prospective, randomized trial pilot study. Thirty patients with RAS were divided into three similar groups. The group one (n = 10) was treated with a diode laser, 660 nm, 40 mw, continuous wave, 1.2 J, 6 J/cm2, for five consecutive days (twice per day, 30 seconds each session). The second group (n = 10) was treated with a topical triamcinolone (adcortyl in orabase) ointment four times per day and the third group (n = 10) was treated with placebo (red light pen) the same way as Group 1. All the patients were evaluated with a Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) before and after treatment on the consecutive days. The data was analysed by one way ANOVA and PostHoc tests. Results: The results show that the laser pen and triamcinolon in orabase ointment have similar results and both have better results than placebo in the control of the recurrent aphthous stomatitis pain (p value: 0.001). Conclusion: In this clinical pilot study the laser pen as a home care device seems to be useful for the treatment of RAS.

Diagnosis and Control of Swine Vesicular Stomatitis

Swine vesicular stomatitis is an acute, febrile, highly contagious zoonotic diseases caused by vesicular stomatitis virus （VSV）. Disease in affected pigs was typically characterized by vesicular lesions on the mouth, snout, oral mucosa, coronet and interdigital skin. The disease is endemic in the Americas, Europe and Africa and other places. As the foreign trade of animals and animal products increase, the risk of swine vesicular stomatitis spreading into our country also will be increased. Therefore, the accurate and timely diagnosis and control of swine vesicular stomatitis are critical and necessary.

Salivary cytokines and levels in denture stomatitis: An exploratory case-control study

We aimed to evaluate the microbial and inflammatory characteristics associated with Denture Stomatitis (DS) analyzing: l) Levels of salivary cytokines and cultivable C. albicans;2) DNA-DNA checkerboard on biofilm associated with mucosal tissue-bearing denture surfaces, 3) Serum C-reactive protein (CRP) levels. Thirty-two subjects were enrolled in the study with control (n = 17) and DS types II and III (n = 15) subjects. Samples were collected from unstimulated whole saliva, serum and swabs from denture surfaces. Salivary levels of inflammatory mediators and CRP were measured by multiplex. Samples from denture and mucosal surfaces were analyzed by DNA-DNA checkerboard. Saliva from DS subjects showed increase in IL-8 (p = 0.04) and IL-1β (p = 0.04) with trend for increase in IL-1β, TNFα and IL-6 levels. C. albicans higher counts in DS saliva (p = 0.03) showed association with elevated levels of IL-8 (p = 0.03) and IL-1α (p = 0.01). CRP levels were not different among groups (p = 0.74). DNA-DNA checkerboard analyses indicated typical periodontal pathogens below the detection threshold of 104 organisms on both denture and inflamed mucosal surfaces. The data suggest that DS is associated with elevation of salivary IL1 and IL-8 together with increased C. albicans. There was no evidence of systemic inflammation as measured by serum C-reactive protein levels.

The Local Immunity of the Oral Cavity in Women with Recurrent Aphthous Stomatitis Associated with Urogenital Infection

This paper studied the dynamics of local immunity factors of the oral cavity in women with recurrent aphthous stomatitis against the background of urogenital infection. The research proves the maximum efficacy of hydroxyzine hydrochloride, aminodihydrophthalasindione sodium and Eplan used in multiple treatments of recurrent aphthous stomatitis in patients with urogenital infection as evidenced by a marked reduction in the coefficient of local immunity factors balance, which is observed as early as on day 7 of the therapy provided. Moreover, the findings show the growth of immunological parameters of oral fluid (lysozyme and SIgA), the normalization of the coefficient of local immunity factors balance in the treatment of recurrent aphthous stomatitis in women with urogenital infection, the improvement being observed 3 months after the treatment suggesting a favorable local immunity of the oral cavity.

Necrotising stomatitis as a presenting symptom of HIV

Background: Necrotising Stomatitis is an uncommon oral infection associated with diminished systemic resistance (immunocompromised state) including HIV infection. Significant predisposing factors include poor oral hygiene, unusual life stress, recent illness (e.g. Measles), malnutrition, smoking and even inade- quate sleep. It occurs commonly in developing na-tions with poor living conditions. Objective: To present a case of severe Necrotising Stomatitis in a previously undiagnosed HIV Seropositive patient. Patient and method: This case report describes severe, rapidly spreading necrotising stomatitis in a 35 years old lady, the condition which led to her being diagnosed with HIV. The treatment modalities, challenges of man-agement and the differential diagnosis were discussed. Result: During the course of her management, pa-tient’s oral condition improved. However, later re-currence was seen due to severe anaemia caused by malnutrition and aggravated by Zidovudine antiret-roviral drug. Conclusions: There is need for interdis-ciplinary interactions between the dentists and the physicians managing HIV patients, to allow effective management and afford patient the best treatment.

Clinical Study on External Use of Chinese Medicine in Treating Children with Herpetic Stomatitis

Background: Pediatric herpetic stomatitis is a common pediatric disease, the course of the disease is about 1 - 2 weeks, and it usually occurs in 1 - 3 years old children, due to infection of herpes simplex virus I and onset. Objective: To observe the curative effect of Chinese medicine prescription (Yueshi, Zhongbai, Qingdai, Phelloderma phelloderma and glycyrrhiza) on children with herpetic stomatitis. Methods: 90 patients were divided into 2 groups by random number table method. 45 patients in the observation group were treated with traditional Chinese medicine, and 45 patients in the control group were treated with iodine glycerin. The total effective rate after treatment was compared between the two groups. Results: The total effective rate of the treatment group was 95.55%;the total effective rate of the control group was 71.11%;the total effective rate of the two groups after treatment was compared;the treatment group was significantly better than the control group;the difference was significant (P 0.05). Conclusion: The external use of Chinese medicine in the treatment of pediatric herpetic stomatitis has achieved good results, improving the condition of children, and significantly improving the clinical efficacy.

Treatment of Recurrent Aphthous Stomatitis by 100% Topical Pumpkin Seed Oil

Background: Recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS) is a major oral health problem, where its etiopathogenesis is not well understood. Accordingly, its therapy whether topical or systemic can induce clearance, but the relapse rate is high. Objective: To use 100% topical pumpkin seed oil in RAS as it has many actions as anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. Patients and Methods: This single, blind, clinical, therapeutic trial was conducted in the Department of Dermatology-Baghdad Teaching Hospital, Baghdad, Iraq, during February 2015-August 2016. Twenty-five patients with RAS were included in this work. After full history and clinical examination, the clinical diagnosis was established. Oral clinical manifestation index score (OCMI) was carried out before, during and after stopping therapy to assess the different parameters of this score. 100% Topical pumpkin seed oil was given two times daily for 3 months during which short term assessment for each patient was done by using OCMI before, after 4 days and after 8 days of therapy in addition to assessing the mean size of largest diameter of ulcers in each visit to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of the therapy, while long term assessment of the OCMI was done every month for 3 months after starting of the therapy to evaluate the prophylactic effect of the therapy. After 3 months, pumpkin seed oil was stopped and assessment of OCMI was done monthly for another 3 months to evaluate the remission action of pumpkin seed oil. Results: Twenty-five patients were included in this study: 15 (60%) males and 10 (40%) females. While their ages ranged from 9 - 60 (27.48 ± 11.97) years. The mean of OCMI before pumpkin seed oil therapy was ranged from 9 - 15 (12.96 ± 1.42), while after the therapy the mean started to decline to lower level within 4 days of therapy and was statistically significant (p < 0.0001) and continued to decline significantly till the end of third month of therapy (p < 0.0001). The percent reduction was 79.30% after 4 days of therapy and 94.38% after 8 days of therapy. After stopping therapy, the mean of OCMI started to increase, but it is remained statistically highly significant (p < 0.0001) at the end of third months after stopping therapy when it is compared with baseline mean of OCMI. Conclusion: Pumpkin seed oil had an effective therapeutic and prophylactic action against RAS, in addition, it induced remission for at least 3 months after stopping therapy. No local or systemic side effects were observed during the course of therapy.

Effects of Zingiber officinalis (WILLD.)ROSC.Membranes on minor recurrent aphthous stomatitis: a randomized pragmatic trial

Objective:To evaluate the effects of dried ginger rhizome (DGR;Zingiber officinalis (WILLD.) ROSC.),prepared as a membrane,in minor recurrent aphthous stomatitis (miRAS)treatment and explore its mechanism of action by detecting changes in levels of epidermal growth factor (EGF) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α in saliva.Methods:Fifty-nine miRAS patients were enrolled in this study.The number of participants in the dried ginger rhizome membrane (DGRM) group was 30,and 29 were in the placebo membrane (PM) group.Sixty sealed envelopes containing either type of membrane were coded randomly.Investigators and participants were blinded to group assignments.A visual analog scale (VAS) was used for pain,follow-up information for healing time,and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays to measure the concentrations of EGF and TNF-α.Results:In terms of VAS,there was a significant difference between pre-and post-DGRM treatment (P <.001),but not so for the PM group (P >.05).A significant difference was observed in the healing time between the two groups (6.08 (2.712) vs.8.04 (2.142) days).The mean healing time in the DGRM group was shorter than that in the PM group (P <.05).In both groups,the salivary EGF concentration decreased significantly after treatment (P <.05),but the mean level in the DGRM group was significantly lower than that in the PM group (P <.05).The mean TNF-α level in both groups was increased significantly after treatment (P <.05),but patients who used DGRMs had a significantly lower level than that in the PM group (P <.05).Conclusion:The present study provides evidence that DGRMs are effective treatment for RAS.Dried ginger rhizome has obvious effects on pain relief,shortening of healing time,reducing the EGF level in saliva,and has an inhibitory effect on TNF-α release.

Adverse Effects of Morphine and Fentanyl for Stomatitis in Patients Receiving Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation—A Single Center Retrospective Analysis

Opioids are widely used as analgesics for oral mucositis in allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT). Their main adverse events are nausea, vomiting, constipation, psychological symptoms, and respiratory depression. In our institute, continuous intravenous morphine was generally used until 2007, followed by intravenous fentanyl as the first-line agent because of its potential fewer adverse events. We retrospectively analyzed 99 patients who underwent allo-HCT in the University of Tsukuba Hospital from 2004 to 2009. Out of 99 patients, 64 were treated with opioids (morphine, 32 and fentanyl, 32). The attending physicians were in charge of providing stable pain control. Median age, sex, stem cell source, preparative regimen, and GVHD prophylaxis were similar in the two groups. There were no significant differences in psychological symptoms, drowsiness, nausea, and vomiting in both groups. Defecation ratio (the days having a bowel movement/the days taking opioids) was 63% and 94% in the morphine and fentanyl group, respectively (P < 0.0001). The percentage of patients who needed to use purgative drugs was 25% and 6% in the morphine and fentanyl group, respectively (P = 0.04). It is suggested that fentanyl has less adverse effects on gastrointestinal movement and is safer than morphine when used for oral mucositis in allo-HCT.

Therapeutic Role of Isotretinoin in the Management of Recurrent Aphthous Stomatitis (Single-Blind Controlled Therapeutic Study)

Background: Recurrent aphthous ulcer (RAS) is a common oral disease where its etiopathogenesis is not well elucidated. There was no effective curative therapy for this disease. Isotretinoin has been recently used in the treatment of Behcet’s disease. Objectives: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of isotretinoin in treating RAS and the long term remission of RAS. Patients and Methods: This single-blind controlled therapeutic study conducted in Department of Dermatology-Baghdad Teaching Hospital during February 2011-January 2012. Thirty patients with typical RAS were included in this work. Detailed history and full examination were done for all patients. They were given isotretinoin 20 mg orally once daily for three months to be seen on Day 14 firstly and then monthly to be assessed using the oral clinical manifestation index (OCMI). After isotretinoin was stopped three months later, patients were given placebo therapy for another 3 months. Results: The results of 30 treated patients were as follows: 17 (56.67%) males and 13 (43.33%) females with male to female ratio was 1.3:1. Their ages ranged from 12 - 60 (35.33 ± 12.06) years. The OCMI before isotretinoin therapy ranged from 7 - 17 (13.13 ± 2.55), while after therapy the mean started to decline to a lower level within the first 14 days (P = 0.103), and continued to decline significantly until the end of the first month of therapy (P = 0.023). Then the OCMI declined very significantly until the end of fourth month of therapy (P < 0.001). After that the mean started to increase until the end of the 5 months (with placebo) but it remained statistically significant compared with the baseline of mean of OCMI before treatment (P = 0.046). Then it continued to increase to become not significant at the end of 6 months of therapy (P = 0.107). Conclusion: Isotretinoin is an effective therapeutic and prophylactic promising remedy in treatment of RAS.

基于模式生物斑马鱼对口腔炎合剂的胚胎及肝肾发育的影响

目的利用斑马鱼为动物模型,初步分析口腔炎合剂对胚胎及肝肾发育的影响。方法待斑马鱼发育至受精后10 h(10 hpf)时以简单随机方法分组并添加梯度浓度的口腔炎合剂。药物作用72 h后在显微镜下观察口腔炎合剂对胚胎及肝肾发育,并记录图像数据。结果当口腔炎合剂稀释浓度高于1.625×10^(-5)g/mL时对10 hpf斑马鱼开始出现胚胎发育毒性,表现为发育迟缓、心腔狭窄等。当口腔炎合剂稀释浓度高于6.500×10^(-5)g/mL时对36 hpf斑马鱼产生肝肾发育毒性,主要表现为肝脏与周边组织分界线不太明显,肾脏和鱼鳔区域明显增大,并伴有水肿瘀滞现象。结论口腔炎合剂具有一定的胚胎及肝肾毒性,孕妇和哺乳期妇女,以及肝肾功能不全者原则上不得使用本品,必须使用时应严格限量,并在医生指导下谨慎使用。

小麦叶片和冠层尺度气体交换模型关键参数的季节变化特征

本文从叶片和冠层尺度入手,采用手持式光合仪和涡动相关法,分析确定C3作物春小麦和冬小麦气体交换模型关键参数随季节变化的特征。结果表明:春小麦叶片尺度最大羧化速率和最大电子传递速率在生育末期快速减小,其他阶段差异不显著,但二者之比随发育期变化相对稳定,均值为2.2;春小麦生长季叶片气孔导度模型斜率在9~11间变动,均值为9.7。冬小麦冠层尺度最大羧化速率和最大电子传递速率随发育期呈抛物线变化,但二者之比相对稳定,均值为1.43;冬小麦冠层导度模型斜率在不同年份不同季节变化无明显规律,整个生育期围绕均值12波动。本研究论证了表征作物光合能力的参数随生育期变化以及气孔导度模型斜率相对稳定的特征。可为陆气相互作用过程分析以及生态系统碳—水循环模拟提供参数化依据。

例析植物气孔运动调控机制

叶片气孔对植物的气体交换和水分代谢至关重要。本文以探究植物气孔运动调控机制的情境试题为例,详细阐述“解决此类问题”的思路,为科学探究教学提供参考。

利用电石渣替代水泥开发固碳胶凝材料

本研究利用电石渣替代部分水泥,制备新型固碳胶凝材料,研究了不同电石渣含量的胶凝材料对600 kg/m3等级泡沫混凝土的基础性能及固碳性能的影响。研究表明:电石渣的掺入导致泡沫混凝土气孔变大,28 d抗压强度先升高后降低,保温性能提高;当电石渣取代10%水泥,制备出的泡沫混凝土干密度为595 kg/m3,28 d抗压强度比未掺加电石渣的提高4.2%,达5.0 MPa;当电石渣取代50%水泥,制备出的泡沫混凝土导热系数比未掺加电石渣的降低17.1%,为1.131 W·m-1·K-1。电石渣掺加有利于改善泡沫混凝土收缩,当电石渣掺量增加,泡沫混凝土先呈现收缩减小后出现膨胀。碳化养护不仅能够固化封存CO_(2),还能提高泡沫混凝土的力学性能与保温性能。电石渣掺量越高,泡沫混凝土固碳能力越强,电石渣掺量为50%时,CO_(2)的捕获量达到46.02 wt%。

大柴胡汤联合短波紫外线与康复新液治疗小儿溃疡性口腔炎疗效观察

目的:观察大柴胡汤联合短波紫外线与康复新液治疗小儿溃疡性口腔炎的临床疗效。方法:将92例溃疡性口腔炎患儿采用抽签法分为对照组和研究组,各46例.对照组予短波紫外线联合康复新液治疗,研究组在对照组基础上予大柴胡汤治疗。比较两组患者临床疗效、中医证候积分、相关症状改善情况及血清C反应蛋白(C-reaction protein,CRP)、白细胞介素6(interleukin-6,IL-6)、IL-10、肿瘤坏死因子α(tumor necrosis factor α,TNF-α)表达水平及不良反应发生情况。结果:研究组总有效率为93.5%(43/46),高于对照组的80.4%(37/46)(P<0.05);中医证候积分低于对照组(P<0.05);相关症状改善优于对照组(P<0.05);血清CRP、IL-6、IL-10、TNF-α表达均低于对照组(P<0.05);患者潮热及口苦不良反应发生率高于对照组(P<0.05),但总的不良反应发生率两组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:与单纯短波紫外线联合康复新液治疗比较,大柴胡汤联合短波紫外线与康复新液治疗小儿溃疡性口腔炎疗效更优,能够改善中医证候及症状,降低血清CRP、IL-6、IL-10、TNF-α表达水平,安全性好。

鼻咽癌放疗后患者吞咽困难发生的相关影响因素及其干预措施分析

目的:探讨鼻咽癌放疗后患者吞咽困难发生的相关影响因素及其干预措施。方法:采用便利抽样方法选择2020年3月~2023年3月在本院行放射治疗的400例鼻咽癌患者为研究对象,调查其吞咽困难发生情况及其相关影响因素。结果:鼻咽癌放疗后患者吞咽困难发生率为65.00%(260/400);单因素分析显示,年龄、肿瘤临床TNM分期、放射剂量、放射性口腔炎、放射性皮炎与鼻咽癌放疗后吞咽困难有关(P<0.05);受教育程度、婚姻状况、放疗前BMI、放疗时间、性别、吸烟、合并基础疾病、同期化疗、饮酒与鼻咽癌放疗后吞咽困难无关(P>0.05)。经Logistic回归分析显示:年龄≥60岁(B=0.934,OR=2.545,95%CI=1.652-3.922)、肿瘤临床TNM分期Ⅲ~Ⅳ期(B=1.142,OR=3.132,95%CI=2.006-4.888)、放射剂量>72Gy(B=0.703,OR=2.020,95%CI=1.312-3.111)、放射性口腔炎(B=1.593,OR=4.920,95%CI=3.049-7.939)、放射性皮炎(B=1.529,OR=4.612,95%CI=2.956-7.197)是鼻咽癌放疗后吞咽困难的高危因素(P<0.05)。结论:鼻咽癌放疗后患者吞咽困难发生率较高,其受年龄、肿瘤临床TNM分期、放射剂量、放射性口腔炎、放射性皮炎等多种因素影响,针对上述因素制定干预措施,可能减少或避免患者发生吞咽困难。

The ZOS7-MYB60 module confers drought-stress tolerance in rice

Shanlan upland rice is an important landrace resource with high drought stress(DS)tolerance.Despite its importance,genes responsible for yield in Shanlan upland rice have yet to be discovered.Our previous study identified a drought-responsive zinc finger protein,ZOS7,as highly expressed in Shanlandao upland rice.However,the function of this gene in controlling drought tolerance remains largely unexplored.In this study,we found that overexpressing ZOS7,a drought-responsive zinc finger protein,in rice increased biomass and yield under drought stress.Co-overexpressing ZOS7 and MYB60,encoding a protein with which ZOS7 interacted,intensified the yield increase.ZOS7 and MYB60 appear to form a module that confers drought tolerance by regulating stomatal density and wax biosynthesis.The ZOS7-MYB60module could be used in molecular breeding for drought tolerance in rice.

三种地宝兰属植物叶片解剖结构及光合特性的比较研究

为探讨地宝兰属植物的叶片解剖结构及光合特性,该研究对狭域濒危种贵州地宝兰(Geodorum eulophioides)及广布种地宝兰(G.densiflorum)、大花地宝兰(G.attenuatum)的叶片解剖结构、光合日变化、光响应曲线、CO_(2)响应曲线、叶绿素含量等指标进行测定。结果表明:(1)3种地宝兰属植物的叶肉细胞没有海绵组织和栅栏组织分化,气孔仅分布于下表皮;与地宝兰和贵州地宝兰相比,大花地宝兰具有更大的叶片厚度和较小的气孔密度,表现出更适应弱光环境的结构特征。(2)3种地宝兰属植物的净光合速率(Pn)日变化均呈“双峰型”曲线,其光合“午休”主要由非气孔限制引起;Pn和水分利用效率(WUE)日均值大小均表现为大花地宝兰>地宝兰>贵州地宝兰,表明贵州地宝兰积累光合产物的能力更弱,对干旱环境的适应能力可能更差。(3)3种地宝兰属植物均为阴生植物,地宝兰的光补偿点(LCP)最小、光饱和点(LSP)最大,对光强适应范围较宽;大花地宝兰具有较高的最大净光合速率(Pmax)和表观量子效率(AQY),其光合能力较强;贵州地宝兰的Pmax和潜在最大净光合速率(Amax)最小,其光合能力和对CO_(2)的利用能力更弱。(4)地宝兰和大花地宝兰的叶绿素a(Chl a)、叶绿素b(Chl b)和总叶绿素(Chl)含量均显著(P<0.05)高于贵州地宝兰。(5)3种地宝兰属植物的叶片厚度、叶肉厚度、叶绿素含量与Pmax间存在显著(P<0.05)相关性。综上认为,与地宝兰和大花地宝兰相比,贵州地宝兰的光合能力和适应性较差,这可能与其濒危有很大关系;适当遮阴和增加CO_(2)浓度有利于3种地宝兰属植物的光合作用。该研究结果为贵州地宝兰濒危原因的分析及3种地宝兰属植物种质资源保育提供了参考依据。

不同基因型玉米间作对气孔特征和产量的影响

以4个玉米品种[伟育618(WY618)、MY73、豫单9953(YD9953)和郑单958(ZD958)]为材料,设置4个品种单作和3个间作处理,研究不同基因型玉米间作对玉米叶片气孔特征、空间布局和产量的影响,以期从气孔的角度为不同基因型玉米间作提高产量提供理论依据。结果表明,不同基因型玉米间作能够提高产量,其中,在WY618与MY73间作和WY618与ZD958间作中,WY618间作产量比WY618单作分别显著增加9.41%和12.94%;WY618与MY73间作和WY618与ZD958间作中均是WY618更具有产量优势,WY618与ZD958间作的土地当量比为1.08,间作优势最明显,WY618与MY73间作次之;玉米间作能够提高叶片近轴面和远轴面气孔密度、长度、宽度、周长、面积和形状指数,并且使气孔空间布局更加规则合理;叶片远轴面气孔密度、宽度和面积与产量均存在显著正相关关系。综上,不同基因型玉米间作可以改善叶片气孔特征和空间布局,利于产量提高。