As special cylindrical briquettes of coal for long distance pipeline transportation and directly cleaned combustion the cleaned coal logs should possess two characteristics of transportation in pipeline and cleaned co...As special cylindrical briquettes of coal for long distance pipeline transportation and directly cleaned combustion the cleaned coal logs should possess two characteristics of transportation in pipeline and cleaned combustion. In order to make cleaned coal logs a rational technology for manufacturing, cleaned coal logs was designed and compound sulfur fixing binders with high effects of binding and sulfur-fixing was selected and combined. In addition, by means of characteristic experiments of strength, wear, waterproof and sulfur-fixing five different cleaned coal logs made with different compound sulfur fixing binders in different compaction conditions was tested and measured. Experimental results indicated that the manufacturing technology of cleaned coal logs was reasonable and the combination of compound sulfur fixing binders was scientific. Cleaned coal logs made up with the fourth group of coal mixture had high strength, good waterproof property, efficient sulfur-fixing, good characteristic of transportation, and achieved the performance requirement for pipeline transportation and sulfur fixing.展开更多
Coal is the dominant primary energy source in China and the major source of greenhouse gases and air pollutants. To facilitate the use of coal in an environmentally satisfactory and economically viable way, clean coal...Coal is the dominant primary energy source in China and the major source of greenhouse gases and air pollutants. To facilitate the use of coal in an environmentally satisfactory and economically viable way, clean coal technologies （CCTs） are necessary. This paper presents a review of recent research and development of four kinds of CCTs： coal power generation; coal conversion; pollution control; and carbon capture, utilization, and storage. It also outlines future perspectives on directions for technology re search and development （R＆D）. This review shows that China has made remarkable progress in the R＆D of CCTs, and that a number of CCTs have now entered into the commercialization stage.展开更多
Various published data show the amount of crop residue available annually in India may range from a low of 90 to a high of 180 million tonnes. Different types of crop residue are collected from farmers depending on th...Various published data show the amount of crop residue available annually in India may range from a low of 90 to a high of 180 million tonnes. Different types of crop residue are collected from farmers depending on the geography and crop pattern for instance, in north India rice straw and cotton stalks are collected while in central India soya husk and sugarcane tops are collected. Baling and transporting straw from the field, though appear to be an option for safe disposal, will be feasible only when alternate, effective and economically viable usage methods are identified and facilities and infrastructure for ex-situ management methods are created. One immediate short term use of the residue is to replace 5% - 7% of the 670 million tonnes of coal India currently consumes to generate power. The farmers will benefit from the sale of their excess crop residue. The scheme will reduce pollution due to residue burning practices. Replacing coal will cut the GHG emissions. The challenge is to mobilize the crop residue collection and timely delivery to power plants. The data and calculations in this monogram show that it is economical for the farmer to remove the crop residue from the field quickly by using modern balers, to pelletize the biomass in small-scale distributed pellet plants, to store pellets in the modern steel bins and finally to deliver the pellets to coal plants by using rail transport. The delivered cost is estimated at around Rp 6.78/kg. The Government of India encourages the power plants to pay at least Rp 10/kg for the delivered biomass in the form of pellets. The current monogram analyzes the organization of an efficient supply chain in the State of Haryana India to ensure a sustainable modern enterprise.展开更多
面向“30·60”双碳目标,矿区能源利用方式的绿色、经济、高效转型成为我国能源革命的迫切需求。西部矿区拥有丰富的可再生能源资源禀赋,但仍面临着可再生能源就地消纳困难,电力设备投资成本高、利用率低以及外送输电通道有限的困...面向“30·60”双碳目标,矿区能源利用方式的绿色、经济、高效转型成为我国能源革命的迫切需求。西部矿区拥有丰富的可再生能源资源禀赋,但仍面临着可再生能源就地消纳困难,电力设备投资成本高、利用率低以及外送输电通道有限的困难。为提升矿区用能清洁化程度,提升矿区能源供给的稳定性与可靠性,增强矿区对外部电网的支撑能力,提出全清洁能源下的高品质矿区能源系统(High-quality Coal Mine Energy System,HCMES)及其配置优化方法。首先,考虑西部矿山综合能源系统的负荷特点与伴生能源利用,结合可再生能源发电与废弃矿井抽水蓄能,构建全清洁能源下的HCMES架构。其次,考虑到矿区生产全流程负荷的需求响应能力,考虑系统的能量平衡约束,提出全清洁能源下的高品质矿区能源系统优化配置模型。最后,以系统年平均综合成本最小化为目标,将原问题转化为混合整数线性规划模型,求解生成高品质矿区能源系统优化配置方案。以我国西部某年产煤量1200万t的矿区实际数据为实例,验证所提模型与方法的有效性,并分析可再生能源出力与生产负荷需求不确定性对系统优化配置结果的影响。算例仿真设置了4种矿区能源系统配置方式:不配置储能、配置抽水蓄能、配置电化学储能、配置抽水蓄能(不外购电能)。结果表明,所提出的HCMES相较于其他配置方式可减少电气一次设备投资11.11%,相较于方式3可降低年平均综合成本7.91%,且最多可减少矿区生产用能总二氧化碳排放量91.17%。展开更多
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (50364003)
文摘As special cylindrical briquettes of coal for long distance pipeline transportation and directly cleaned combustion the cleaned coal logs should possess two characteristics of transportation in pipeline and cleaned combustion. In order to make cleaned coal logs a rational technology for manufacturing, cleaned coal logs was designed and compound sulfur fixing binders with high effects of binding and sulfur-fixing was selected and combined. In addition, by means of characteristic experiments of strength, wear, waterproof and sulfur-fixing five different cleaned coal logs made with different compound sulfur fixing binders in different compaction conditions was tested and measured. Experimental results indicated that the manufacturing technology of cleaned coal logs was reasonable and the combination of compound sulfur fixing binders was scientific. Cleaned coal logs made up with the fourth group of coal mixture had high strength, good waterproof property, efficient sulfur-fixing, good characteristic of transportation, and achieved the performance requirement for pipeline transportation and sulfur fixing.
基金Acknowledgements The authors gratefully acknowledge the funding support from the National Key Basic Research Program of China （2013CB228500）, the National Natural Science Foundation of Chi- na （71203119）, and the Advanced Coal Technology Consortium of CERC （2016YFE0102500）.
文摘Coal is the dominant primary energy source in China and the major source of greenhouse gases and air pollutants. To facilitate the use of coal in an environmentally satisfactory and economically viable way, clean coal technologies （CCTs） are necessary. This paper presents a review of recent research and development of four kinds of CCTs： coal power generation; coal conversion; pollution control; and carbon capture, utilization, and storage. It also outlines future perspectives on directions for technology re search and development （R＆D）. This review shows that China has made remarkable progress in the R＆D of CCTs, and that a number of CCTs have now entered into the commercialization stage.
文摘Various published data show the amount of crop residue available annually in India may range from a low of 90 to a high of 180 million tonnes. Different types of crop residue are collected from farmers depending on the geography and crop pattern for instance, in north India rice straw and cotton stalks are collected while in central India soya husk and sugarcane tops are collected. Baling and transporting straw from the field, though appear to be an option for safe disposal, will be feasible only when alternate, effective and economically viable usage methods are identified and facilities and infrastructure for ex-situ management methods are created. One immediate short term use of the residue is to replace 5% - 7% of the 670 million tonnes of coal India currently consumes to generate power. The farmers will benefit from the sale of their excess crop residue. The scheme will reduce pollution due to residue burning practices. Replacing coal will cut the GHG emissions. The challenge is to mobilize the crop residue collection and timely delivery to power plants. The data and calculations in this monogram show that it is economical for the farmer to remove the crop residue from the field quickly by using modern balers, to pelletize the biomass in small-scale distributed pellet plants, to store pellets in the modern steel bins and finally to deliver the pellets to coal plants by using rail transport. The delivered cost is estimated at around Rp 6.78/kg. The Government of India encourages the power plants to pay at least Rp 10/kg for the delivered biomass in the form of pellets. The current monogram analyzes the organization of an efficient supply chain in the State of Haryana India to ensure a sustainable modern enterprise.
文摘面向“30·60”双碳目标,矿区能源利用方式的绿色、经济、高效转型成为我国能源革命的迫切需求。西部矿区拥有丰富的可再生能源资源禀赋,但仍面临着可再生能源就地消纳困难,电力设备投资成本高、利用率低以及外送输电通道有限的困难。为提升矿区用能清洁化程度,提升矿区能源供给的稳定性与可靠性,增强矿区对外部电网的支撑能力,提出全清洁能源下的高品质矿区能源系统(High-quality Coal Mine Energy System,HCMES)及其配置优化方法。首先,考虑西部矿山综合能源系统的负荷特点与伴生能源利用,结合可再生能源发电与废弃矿井抽水蓄能,构建全清洁能源下的HCMES架构。其次,考虑到矿区生产全流程负荷的需求响应能力,考虑系统的能量平衡约束,提出全清洁能源下的高品质矿区能源系统优化配置模型。最后,以系统年平均综合成本最小化为目标,将原问题转化为混合整数线性规划模型,求解生成高品质矿区能源系统优化配置方案。以我国西部某年产煤量1200万t的矿区实际数据为实例,验证所提模型与方法的有效性,并分析可再生能源出力与生产负荷需求不确定性对系统优化配置结果的影响。算例仿真设置了4种矿区能源系统配置方式:不配置储能、配置抽水蓄能、配置电化学储能、配置抽水蓄能(不外购电能)。结果表明,所提出的HCMES相较于其他配置方式可减少电气一次设备投资11.11%,相较于方式3可降低年平均综合成本7.91%,且最多可减少矿区生产用能总二氧化碳排放量91.17%。
