Baosteel＇ s No. 8 air separation unit（ASU） is the first domestically-integrated 60 000 m^3/h ASU. This paper describes the mechanical equipment, the design and the configuration characteristics of this unit. The po...Baosteel＇ s No. 8 air separation unit（ASU） is the first domestically-integrated 60 000 m^3/h ASU. This paper describes the mechanical equipment, the design and the configuration characteristics of this unit. The potential failure modes of the mechanical devices are deduced via analyses on the failure history of similar devices in other ASUs. Finally, this paper also brings up suggestions on daily maintenance, overhaul and purchases of spare parts.展开更多
Baosteel＇s 60000 m……3/h air separation unit （ASU）, the first domestically-integrated unit of its class, is a milestone in the Chinese air separation industry. In this paper,the process characteristics of the unit...Baosteel＇s 60000 m……3/h air separation unit （ASU）, the first domestically-integrated unit of its class, is a milestone in the Chinese air separation industry. In this paper,the process characteristics of the unit and the application of the original techniques are expatiated. Some difficulties in the process design, the risk control, the quality control, the control system integration and the system commissioning are analyzed and appraised. The mode of the project integration and innovation, the cooperation among industries and the user-orientated project management mode are introduced. Finally,the successful experiences in innovation are summarized with the focus on the integration of the project.展开更多
This paper introduces the process flow, technical parameters and relevant features of Baosteel＇s No. 8 air separation unit （ASU） with a capacity of 60000m^3/h. It summarizes the commissioning work, which includes t...This paper introduces the process flow, technical parameters and relevant features of Baosteel＇s No. 8 air separation unit （ASU） with a capacity of 60000m^3/h. It summarizes the commissioning work, which includes the adjustment of the air compressor,the system＇s naked cooling,the precooling system and the operation adjustment. It also provides detailed analyses on some failures which occurred in the commissioning. Through the modification of the design and the interlocks, the tripping probability of the air compressor was greatly reduced. Through the heating of the system and the control of the water cooler＇s nitrogen flow,the overproof content of carbon dioxide and fluctuation of oxygen flow were avoided. Nitrogen-block in the argon system was eliminated by the precise control of the argon rectification flow and argon content. All these solutions have been proved to be effective by practice.展开更多
The first domestically-integrated large-scale air separation unit （ASU） with a capacity of 60 000 m^3/h was successfully built and put into operation at Baosteel. Compared with the electrical design of the imported ...The first domestically-integrated large-scale air separation unit （ASU） with a capacity of 60 000 m^3/h was successfully built and put into operation at Baosteel. Compared with the electrical design of the imported equipment of the same type,this ASU has an electrical protection interlink that is independent from the distribution control system （DCS）. With the design idea of simplicity, the ASU features a simplified configuration and an audio alarm system for electrical failures. It helps reduce the failure rate of the electrical equipment and detect failures quickly and accurately. It will effectively enhance safe and stabilized production. The ASU can not only reduce the cost of investment, but also ensure a smooth and stable running of the whole electrical equipment. This study focuses on the experience and understanding of the unit design and commissioning.展开更多
Based on the practice of Baosteel＇ s 60000 m3/h air separation unit （ASU） ,which is the first domestically- integrated unit of such a scale, this paper studies the principles of type selection of the distribution c...Based on the practice of Baosteel＇ s 60000 m3/h air separation unit （ASU） ,which is the first domestically- integrated unit of such a scale, this paper studies the principles of type selection of the distribution control system （DCS）. It discusses the design of the unit＇s control system,which involves a compressor system,a purification system （molecular sieving）, a turbo expansion system and an air separation system. The final part of the paper discusses the maintenance and future development of the ASU control system at Baosteel.展开更多
The separation of gas molecules with similar physicochemical properties is of high importance but practically entails a substantial energy penalty in chemical industry. Meanwhile, clean energy gases such as H_2 and CH...The separation of gas molecules with similar physicochemical properties is of high importance but practically entails a substantial energy penalty in chemical industry. Meanwhile, clean energy gases such as H_2 and CH_4 are considered as promising candidates for the replacement of traditional fossil fuels. However, the technologies for the storage of these gases are still immature. In addition, the release of anthropogenic toxic gases into the atmosphere is a worldwide threat of growing concern. Both in academia and industry, considerable research efforts have been devoted to developing advanced porous materials for the effective and energy-efficient separation, storage, or capture of the related gases. In contrast to conventional inorganic porous materials such as zeolites and activated carbons, metal–organic frameworks(MOFs) are considered as a type of promising materials for gas separation and storage. In this contribution, we review the recent research advance of MOFs in some relevant applications, including CO_2 capture, O_2 purification, separation of light hydrocarbons, separation of noble gases, storage of gases(CH_4,H_2, and C_2 H_2) for energy, and removal of some gaseous air pollutants(NH_3, NO_2, and SO_2). Finally, an outlook regarding the challenges of the future research of MOFs in these directions is given.展开更多
液化空气储能(liquefied air energy storage, LAES)因其存储规模大和不受地理条件限制的独特优势,可参与现有燃煤机组的调峰改造,以推进新型电力系统的建设发展。为此提出一种与燃煤机组耦合的新型LAES系统,并且建立耦合系统的热力学...液化空气储能(liquefied air energy storage, LAES)因其存储规模大和不受地理条件限制的独特优势,可参与现有燃煤机组的调峰改造,以推进新型电力系统的建设发展。为此提出一种与燃煤机组耦合的新型LAES系统,并且建立耦合系统的热力学模型和经济性模型,分析储能容量变化对耦合系统的影响。结果表明:与某670 MW燃煤机组耦合时,可以综合考虑选择44.2 MW/176.8 MW·h的液化空气储能系统。在燃煤机组的3种低负荷(30%THA、40%THA和50%THA)工况下,耦合运行的LAES系统的往返效率在51%左右,比单独运行的LAES系统高出大约9个百分点。耦合运行的LAES系统的投资收益率接近10%,14 a之内可实现投资回收。敏感性分析显示增大峰谷电价差有利于提升系统的经济性能。展开更多
绝热压缩空气储能(adiabatic compressed air energy storage,A-CAES)系统通常采用恒容储气的方式储存空气,导致空气不能完全从储气装置内释放,存在能量储存密度低、单位储气成本高的问题。为此提出了基于工质相变的变容储气A-CAES系统...绝热压缩空气储能(adiabatic compressed air energy storage,A-CAES)系统通常采用恒容储气的方式储存空气,导致空气不能完全从储气装置内释放,存在能量储存密度低、单位储气成本高的问题。为此提出了基于工质相变的变容储气A-CAES系统,通过借助外部工质的压力迫使空气完全从储气装置中释放。然而,采用变容储气的方式增加了储气装置复杂性和设备投资成本。因此,本文对基于工质CO_(2)相变的变容储气A-CAES系统进行了技术经济性分析,并与恒容储气A-CAES系统进行了对比。结果表明,基于工质相变的变容储气A-CAES系统的能量储存密度为28.30 MJ/m^(3),比恒容储气A-CAES系统的储能密度提高了83.65%。采用变容储气的方式可以使储气装置的单位储气成本从49.17元/kg降低至36.59元/kg。在整个系统运行周期内,基于工质相变的变容储气A-CAES系统的动态投资回收期和项目净现值分别为7.36 a和101427.85万元,比恒容储气A-CAES系统减少了1.45 a和增加了3831.74万元。基于工质相变的变容储气A-CAES系统具有较好的应用前景。展开更多
A novel process for synthesis gas production over Circulating Fluidized Bed （CFB） using oxygen storage materials as oxygen carder was reported. First, oxygen in the air was chemically fixed and converted to lattice ...A novel process for synthesis gas production over Circulating Fluidized Bed （CFB） using oxygen storage materials as oxygen carder was reported. First, oxygen in the air was chemically fixed and converted to lattice oxygen of oxygen storage materials over regenerator, and then methane was selectively oxidized to synthesis gas with lattice oxygen of oxygen storage materials over riser reactor. The results from simulation reaction of CFB by sequential redox reaction on a fixed bed reactor using lanthanum-based perovskite LaFeO3 and La0.8Sr0.2Fe0.9CO0.1O3 oxides prepared by sol-gel, suggested that the depleted oxygen species could be regenerated, and methane could be oxidized to synthesis gas by lattice oxygen with high selectivity. The partial oxidation of methane to synthesis gas over CFB using lattice oxygen of the oxygen storage materials instead of gaseous oxygen should be possibly applicable.展开更多
Large-scale cryogenic air separation units(ASUs),which are widely used in global petrochemical and semiconductor industries,are being developed with high operating elasticity under variable working conditions.Differen...Large-scale cryogenic air separation units(ASUs),which are widely used in global petrochemical and semiconductor industries,are being developed with high operating elasticity under variable working conditions.Different from discrete processes in traditional machinery manufacturing,the ASU process is continuous and involves the compression,adsorption,cooling,condensation,liquefaction,evaporation,and distillation of multiple streams.This feature indicates that thousands of technical parameters in adsorption,heat transfer,and distillation processes are correlated and merged into a large-scale complex system.A lumped parameter model(LPM)of ASU is proposed by lumping the main factors together and simplifying the secondary ones to achieve accurate and fast performance design.On the basis of material and energy conservation laws,the piecewise-lumped parameters are extracted under variable working conditions by using LPM.Takagi–Sugeno(T–S)fuzzy interval detection is recursively utilized to determine whether the critical point is detected or not by using different thresholds.Compared with the traditional method,LPM is particularly suitable for“rough first then precise”modeling by expanding the feasible domain using fuzzy intervals.With LPM,the performance of the air compressor,molecular sieve adsorber,turbo expander,main plate-fin heat exchangers,and packing column of a 100000 Nm3 O2/h large-scale ASU is enhanced to adapt to variable working conditions.The designed value of net power consumption per unit of oxygen production(kW/(Nm3 O2))is reduced by 6.45%.展开更多
Baosteel＇s 60000 m^3/h air separation unit （ASU） is the largest oxygen generating system in China. The operational cost of such a giant system is very high. How to reduce the operational cost is a critical issue. T...Baosteel＇s 60000 m^3/h air separation unit （ASU） is the largest oxygen generating system in China. The operational cost of such a giant system is very high. How to reduce the operational cost is a critical issue. This paper discusses the system＇s characteristics,the current operational status and the difficulties in reducing the cost,and analyzes relevant indicators, such as the technical and economical indicators of individual units and systems as well as the indicators concerning the costs. The relationship between the cost and each economical indicator and measures to optimize an economical operation of the oxygen generating system are also discussed in this paper.展开更多
文摘Baosteel＇ s No. 8 air separation unit（ASU） is the first domestically-integrated 60 000 m^3/h ASU. This paper describes the mechanical equipment, the design and the configuration characteristics of this unit. The potential failure modes of the mechanical devices are deduced via analyses on the failure history of similar devices in other ASUs. Finally, this paper also brings up suggestions on daily maintenance, overhaul and purchases of spare parts.
文摘Baosteel＇s 60000 m……3/h air separation unit （ASU）, the first domestically-integrated unit of its class, is a milestone in the Chinese air separation industry. In this paper,the process characteristics of the unit and the application of the original techniques are expatiated. Some difficulties in the process design, the risk control, the quality control, the control system integration and the system commissioning are analyzed and appraised. The mode of the project integration and innovation, the cooperation among industries and the user-orientated project management mode are introduced. Finally,the successful experiences in innovation are summarized with the focus on the integration of the project.
文摘This paper introduces the process flow, technical parameters and relevant features of Baosteel＇s No. 8 air separation unit （ASU） with a capacity of 60000m^3/h. It summarizes the commissioning work, which includes the adjustment of the air compressor,the system＇s naked cooling,the precooling system and the operation adjustment. It also provides detailed analyses on some failures which occurred in the commissioning. Through the modification of the design and the interlocks, the tripping probability of the air compressor was greatly reduced. Through the heating of the system and the control of the water cooler＇s nitrogen flow,the overproof content of carbon dioxide and fluctuation of oxygen flow were avoided. Nitrogen-block in the argon system was eliminated by the precise control of the argon rectification flow and argon content. All these solutions have been proved to be effective by practice.
文摘The first domestically-integrated large-scale air separation unit （ASU） with a capacity of 60 000 m^3/h was successfully built and put into operation at Baosteel. Compared with the electrical design of the imported equipment of the same type,this ASU has an electrical protection interlink that is independent from the distribution control system （DCS）. With the design idea of simplicity, the ASU features a simplified configuration and an audio alarm system for electrical failures. It helps reduce the failure rate of the electrical equipment and detect failures quickly and accurately. It will effectively enhance safe and stabilized production. The ASU can not only reduce the cost of investment, but also ensure a smooth and stable running of the whole electrical equipment. This study focuses on the experience and understanding of the unit design and commissioning.
文摘Based on the practice of Baosteel＇ s 60000 m3/h air separation unit （ASU） ,which is the first domestically- integrated unit of such a scale, this paper studies the principles of type selection of the distribution control system （DCS）. It discusses the design of the unit＇s control system,which involves a compressor system,a purification system （molecular sieving）, a turbo expansion system and an air separation system. The final part of the paper discusses the maintenance and future development of the ASU control system at Baosteel.
基金supported from the Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 21771012, 21601008 and 21576006)the National Natural Science Fund for Innovative Research Groups (Grant No. 51621003)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (Grant No. 2016M600879)
文摘The separation of gas molecules with similar physicochemical properties is of high importance but practically entails a substantial energy penalty in chemical industry. Meanwhile, clean energy gases such as H_2 and CH_4 are considered as promising candidates for the replacement of traditional fossil fuels. However, the technologies for the storage of these gases are still immature. In addition, the release of anthropogenic toxic gases into the atmosphere is a worldwide threat of growing concern. Both in academia and industry, considerable research efforts have been devoted to developing advanced porous materials for the effective and energy-efficient separation, storage, or capture of the related gases. In contrast to conventional inorganic porous materials such as zeolites and activated carbons, metal–organic frameworks(MOFs) are considered as a type of promising materials for gas separation and storage. In this contribution, we review the recent research advance of MOFs in some relevant applications, including CO_2 capture, O_2 purification, separation of light hydrocarbons, separation of noble gases, storage of gases(CH_4,H_2, and C_2 H_2) for energy, and removal of some gaseous air pollutants(NH_3, NO_2, and SO_2). Finally, an outlook regarding the challenges of the future research of MOFs in these directions is given.
文摘液化空气储能(liquefied air energy storage, LAES)因其存储规模大和不受地理条件限制的独特优势,可参与现有燃煤机组的调峰改造,以推进新型电力系统的建设发展。为此提出一种与燃煤机组耦合的新型LAES系统,并且建立耦合系统的热力学模型和经济性模型,分析储能容量变化对耦合系统的影响。结果表明:与某670 MW燃煤机组耦合时,可以综合考虑选择44.2 MW/176.8 MW·h的液化空气储能系统。在燃煤机组的3种低负荷(30%THA、40%THA和50%THA)工况下,耦合运行的LAES系统的往返效率在51%左右,比单独运行的LAES系统高出大约9个百分点。耦合运行的LAES系统的投资收益率接近10%,14 a之内可实现投资回收。敏感性分析显示增大峰谷电价差有利于提升系统的经济性能。
文摘绝热压缩空气储能(adiabatic compressed air energy storage,A-CAES)系统通常采用恒容储气的方式储存空气,导致空气不能完全从储气装置内释放,存在能量储存密度低、单位储气成本高的问题。为此提出了基于工质相变的变容储气A-CAES系统,通过借助外部工质的压力迫使空气完全从储气装置中释放。然而,采用变容储气的方式增加了储气装置复杂性和设备投资成本。因此,本文对基于工质CO_(2)相变的变容储气A-CAES系统进行了技术经济性分析,并与恒容储气A-CAES系统进行了对比。结果表明,基于工质相变的变容储气A-CAES系统的能量储存密度为28.30 MJ/m^(3),比恒容储气A-CAES系统的储能密度提高了83.65%。采用变容储气的方式可以使储气装置的单位储气成本从49.17元/kg降低至36.59元/kg。在整个系统运行周期内,基于工质相变的变容储气A-CAES系统的动态投资回收期和项目净现值分别为7.36 a和101427.85万元,比恒容储气A-CAES系统减少了1.45 a和增加了3831.74万元。基于工质相变的变容储气A-CAES系统具有较好的应用前景。
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (20306016, 20322201)
文摘A novel process for synthesis gas production over Circulating Fluidized Bed （CFB） using oxygen storage materials as oxygen carder was reported. First, oxygen in the air was chemically fixed and converted to lattice oxygen of oxygen storage materials over regenerator, and then methane was selectively oxidized to synthesis gas with lattice oxygen of oxygen storage materials over riser reactor. The results from simulation reaction of CFB by sequential redox reaction on a fixed bed reactor using lanthanum-based perovskite LaFeO3 and La0.8Sr0.2Fe0.9CO0.1O3 oxides prepared by sol-gel, suggested that the depleted oxygen species could be regenerated, and methane could be oxidized to synthesis gas by lattice oxygen with high selectivity. The partial oxidation of methane to synthesis gas over CFB using lattice oxygen of the oxygen storage materials instead of gaseous oxygen should be possibly applicable.
基金This work was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.51775494,51821093,and 51935009)the National Key Research and Development Project(Grant No.2018YFB1700701)Zhejiang Key Research and Development Project(Grant No.2019C01141).
文摘Large-scale cryogenic air separation units(ASUs),which are widely used in global petrochemical and semiconductor industries,are being developed with high operating elasticity under variable working conditions.Different from discrete processes in traditional machinery manufacturing,the ASU process is continuous and involves the compression,adsorption,cooling,condensation,liquefaction,evaporation,and distillation of multiple streams.This feature indicates that thousands of technical parameters in adsorption,heat transfer,and distillation processes are correlated and merged into a large-scale complex system.A lumped parameter model(LPM)of ASU is proposed by lumping the main factors together and simplifying the secondary ones to achieve accurate and fast performance design.On the basis of material and energy conservation laws,the piecewise-lumped parameters are extracted under variable working conditions by using LPM.Takagi–Sugeno(T–S)fuzzy interval detection is recursively utilized to determine whether the critical point is detected or not by using different thresholds.Compared with the traditional method,LPM is particularly suitable for“rough first then precise”modeling by expanding the feasible domain using fuzzy intervals.With LPM,the performance of the air compressor,molecular sieve adsorber,turbo expander,main plate-fin heat exchangers,and packing column of a 100000 Nm3 O2/h large-scale ASU is enhanced to adapt to variable working conditions.The designed value of net power consumption per unit of oxygen production(kW/(Nm3 O2))is reduced by 6.45%.
文摘Baosteel＇s 60000 m^3/h air separation unit （ASU） is the largest oxygen generating system in China. The operational cost of such a giant system is very high. How to reduce the operational cost is a critical issue. This paper discusses the system＇s characteristics,the current operational status and the difficulties in reducing the cost,and analyzes relevant indicators, such as the technical and economical indicators of individual units and systems as well as the indicators concerning the costs. The relationship between the cost and each economical indicator and measures to optimize an economical operation of the oxygen generating system are also discussed in this paper.
