Energy in its varied forms and applications has become the main driver of today’s modern society. However, recent changes in power demand and climatic changes (decarbonization policy) has awakened the need to rethink...Energy in its varied forms and applications has become the main driver of today’s modern society. However, recent changes in power demand and climatic changes (decarbonization policy) has awakened the need to rethink through the current energy generating and distribution system. This led to the exploration of other energy sources of which renewable energy (like thermal, solar and wind energy) is fast becoming an integral part of most energy system. However, this innovative and promising energy source is highly unreliable in maintaining a constant peak power that matches demand. Energy storage systems have thus been highlighted as a solution in managing such imbalances and maintaining the stability of supply. Energy storage technologies absorb and store energy, and release it on demand. This includes gravitational potential energy (pumped hydroelectric), chemical energy (batteries), kinetic energy (flywheels or compressed air), and energy in the form of electrical (capacitors) and magnetic fields. This paper provides a detailed and comprehensive overview of some of the state-of-the-art energy storage technologies, its evolution, classification, and comparison along with various area of applications. Also highlighted in this paper is a plethora of power electronic Interface technologies that plays a significant role in enabling optimum performance and utilization of energy storage systems in different areas of application.展开更多
The control of battery energy storage systems(BESSs)plays an important role in the management of microgrids.In this paper,the problem of balancing the state-ofcharge(SoC)of the networked battery units in a BESS while ...The control of battery energy storage systems(BESSs)plays an important role in the management of microgrids.In this paper,the problem of balancing the state-ofcharge(SoC)of the networked battery units in a BESS while meeting the total charging/discharging power requirement is formulated and solved as a distributed control problem.Conditions on the communication topology among the battery units are established under which a control law is designed for each battery unit to solve the control problem based on distributed average reference power estimators and distributed average unit state estimators.Two types of estimators are proposed.One achieves asymptotic estimation and the other achieves finite time estimation.We show that,under the proposed control laws,SoC balancing of all battery units is achieved and the total charging/discharging power of the BESS tracks the desired power.A simulation example is shown to verify the theoretical results.展开更多
In distributed cloud storage systems, inevitably there exist multiple node failures at the same time. The existing methods of regenerating codes, including minimum storage regenerating(MSR) codes and minimum bandwidth...In distributed cloud storage systems, inevitably there exist multiple node failures at the same time. The existing methods of regenerating codes, including minimum storage regenerating(MSR) codes and minimum bandwidth regenerating(MBR) codes, are mainly to repair one single or several failed nodes, unable to meet the repair need of distributed cloud storage systems. In this paper, we present locally minimum storage regenerating(LMSR) codes to recover multiple failed nodes at the same time. Specifically, the nodes in distributed cloud storage systems are divided into multiple local groups, and in each local group(4, 2) or(5, 3) MSR codes are constructed. Moreover, the grouping method of storage nodes and the repairing process of failed nodes in local groups are studied. Theoretical analysis shows that LMSR codes can achieve the same storage overhead as MSR codes. Furthermore, we verify by means of simulation that, compared with MSR codes, LMSR codes can reduce the repair bandwidth and disk I/O overhead effectively.展开更多
This paper presents a novel Simulink models with an evaluation study of more widely used On-Line Maximum Power Point tracking(MPPT)techniques for Photo-Voltaic based Battery Storage Systems(PV-BSS).To have a full comp...This paper presents a novel Simulink models with an evaluation study of more widely used On-Line Maximum Power Point tracking(MPPT)techniques for Photo-Voltaic based Battery Storage Systems(PV-BSS).To have a full comparative study in terms of the dynamic response,battery state of charge(SOC),and oscillations around the Maximum Power Point(MPP)of the PV-BSS to variations in climate conditions,these techniques are simulated in Matlab/Simulink.The introduced methodologies are classified into two types;the first type is conventional hill-climbing techniques which are based on instantaneous PV data measurements such as Perturb&Observe and Incremental Conductance techniques.The second type is a novel proposed methodology is based on using solar irradiance and cell temperature measurements with pre-build Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System(ANFIS)model to predict DC–DC converter optimum duty cycle to track MPP.Then evaluation study is introduced for conventional and proposed On-Line MPPT techniques.This comparative study can be useful in specifying the appropriateness of the MPPT techniques for PV-BSS.Also the introduced model can be used as a valued reference model for future research related to Soft Computing(SC)MPPT techniques.A significant improvement of SOC is achieved by the proposed model and methodology with high accuracy and lower oscillations.展开更多
In a power system, when extreme events occur, such as ice storm, large scale blackouts may be unavoidable. Such small probability but high risk events have huge impact on power systems. Most resilience research in pow...In a power system, when extreme events occur, such as ice storm, large scale blackouts may be unavoidable. Such small probability but high risk events have huge impact on power systems. Most resilience research in power systems only considers faults on the physical side, which would lead to overly idealistic results. This paper proposes a two-stage cyber-physical resilience enhancement method considering energy storage (ES) systems. The first stage calculates optimal planning of ES systems, and the second stage assesses resilience and enhancement of ES systems during the disaster. In the proposed model, cyber faults indirectly damage the system by disabling monitoring and control function of control center. As a result, when detection and response process of physical faults are blocked by cyber failures, serious load shedding occurs. Such a cyber-physical coupling mechanism of fault, response, restoration process is demonstrated in the modified IEEE Reliable Test System-79 (RTS-79). Simulation results show compared with the physical-only system, the cyber-physical system has a more accurate but degraded resilient performance. Besides, ES systems setting at proper place effectively enhance resilience of the cyber-physical transmission system with less load Shedding.展开更多
Microgrids(MGs)are playing a fundamental role in the transition of energy systems towards a low carbon future due to the advantages of a highly efficient network architecture for flexible integration of various DC/AC ...Microgrids(MGs)are playing a fundamental role in the transition of energy systems towards a low carbon future due to the advantages of a highly efficient network architecture for flexible integration of various DC/AC loads,distributed renewable energy sources,and energy storage systems,as well as a more resilient and economical on/off-grid control,operation,and energy management.However,MGs,as newcomers to the utility grid,are also facing challenges due to economic deregulation of energy systems,restructuring of generation,and marketbased operation.This paper comprehensively summarizes the published research works in the areas of MGs and related energy management modelling and solution techniques.First,MGs and energy storage systems are classified into multiple branches and typical combinations as the backbone of MG energy management.Second,energy management models under exogenous and endogenous uncertainties are summarized and extended to transactive energy management.Mathematical programming,adaptive dynamic programming,and deep reinforcement learning-based solution methods are investigated accordingly,together with their implementation schemes.Finally,problems for future energy management systems with dynamics-captured critical component models,stability constraints,resilience awareness,market operation,and emerging computational techniques are discussed.展开更多
Integrating a battery energy storage system(ESS)with a large wind farm can smooth the intermittent power obtained from the wind farm,but the smoothing function will not be achieved if multiple ESSs are used to smooth ...Integrating a battery energy storage system(ESS)with a large wind farm can smooth the intermittent power obtained from the wind farm,but the smoothing function will not be achieved if multiple ESSs are used to smooth the fluctuations in individual wind power plants in a distributed pattern.Therefore,this study focuses on the development of a control strategy to optimize the use of multiple ESSs to accelerate the adoption of wind energy resources.This paper proposes a quasi-automated generation control(QAGC)strategy to coordinate multiple ESSs,which responds to the grid dispatch demand rather than smoothing out the intermittent power from individual wind farms.The aims of QAGC are to ensure that multiple ESSs provide a service that is as balanced as possible,so more wind power systems at various scales can be accepted by the grid,as well maximizing the low-carbon benefits of ESSs.The effectiveness of QAGC is demonstrated by using data from an actual gigawatt scale cluster of wind plants.展开更多
The world is rapidly adopting renewable energy alternatives at a remarkable rate to address the ever-increasing environmental crisis of CO_(2) emissions.Renewable energy system offers enormous potential to decarbonize...The world is rapidly adopting renewable energy alternatives at a remarkable rate to address the ever-increasing environmental crisis of CO_(2) emissions.Renewable energy system offers enormous potential to decarbonize the environment because they produce no greenhouse gases or other polluting emissions.However,the RES relies on natural resources for energy generation,such as sunlight,wind,water,geothermal,which are generally un-predictable and reliant on weather,season,and year.To account for these intermittencies,renewable energy can be stored using various techniques and then used in a consistent and controlled manner as needed.Several researchers from around the world have made substantial contributions over the last century to developing novel methods of energy storage that are efficient enough to meet increasing energy demand and technological break-throughs.This review attempts to provide a critical review of the advancements in the energy storage system from 1850-2022,including its evolution,classification,operating principles and comparison.展开更多
The energy storage system(ESS) is becoming an important component in power systems to mitigate the adverse impact of intermittent renewable energy resources and improve power grid reliability and efficiency.However,st...The energy storage system(ESS) is becoming an important component in power systems to mitigate the adverse impact of intermittent renewable energy resources and improve power grid reliability and efficiency.However,storage devices driven by different technologies can have specific grid impacts.This special section is dedicated to reflecting the展开更多
Moran considered a dam whose inflow in a given interval of time is a continuous random variable. He then developed integral equations for the probabilities of emptiness and overflow. These equations are difficult to s...Moran considered a dam whose inflow in a given interval of time is a continuous random variable. He then developed integral equations for the probabilities of emptiness and overflow. These equations are difficult to solve numerically;thus, approximations have been proposed that discretize the input. In this paper, extensions are considered for storage systems with different assumptions for storage losses. We also develop discrete approximations for the probabilities of emptiness and overflow.展开更多
Addressing climate change demands a significant shift away from fossil fuels,with sectors like electricity and transportation relying heavily on renewable energy.Integral to this transition are energy storage systems,...Addressing climate change demands a significant shift away from fossil fuels,with sectors like electricity and transportation relying heavily on renewable energy.Integral to this transition are energy storage systems,notably lithium-ion batteries.Over time,these batteries degrade,affecting their efficiency and posing safety risks.Monitoring and predicting battery aging is essential,especially estimating its state of health(SOH).Various SOH estimation methods exist,from traditional model-based approaches to machine learning approaches.展开更多
In this study,the interactions between a Ga-based liquid metal,GaInSn,and several metal materials,including pure metals(Ni and Ti)and alloys(316H stainless steel(SS)and GH3535),at 650℃were investigated.The aim was to...In this study,the interactions between a Ga-based liquid metal,GaInSn,and several metal materials,including pure metals(Ni and Ti)and alloys(316H stainless steel(SS)and GH3535),at 650℃were investigated.The aim was to evaluate the corrosion performance and select a suitable candidate material for use as a molten salt manometer diaphragm in thermal energy storage systems.The results indicated that the alloys(316H SS and GH3535)exhibited less corrosion than pure metals(Ni and Ti)in liquid GaInSn.Ga-rich binary intermetallic compounds were found to form on the surfaces of all the tested metal materials exposed to liquid GaInSn,as a result of the decomposition of liquid GaInSn and its reaction with the constituent elements of the metal materials.The corrosion mechanism for all the tested materials exposed to liquid GaInSn was also investigated and proposed,which may aid in selecting the optimal candidate material when liquid GaInSn is used as the pressure-sensing medium.展开更多
As a new generation of Zn-ion storage systems,Zn-ion hybrid supercapacitors(ZHSCs)garner tremendous interests recently from researchers due to the perfect integration of batteries and supercapacitors.ZHSCs have excell...As a new generation of Zn-ion storage systems,Zn-ion hybrid supercapacitors(ZHSCs)garner tremendous interests recently from researchers due to the perfect integration of batteries and supercapacitors.ZHSCs have excellent integration of high energy density and power density,which seamlessly bridges the gap between batteries and supercapacitors,becoming one of the most viable future options for large-scale equipment and portable electronic devices.However,the currently reported two configurations of ZHSCs and corresponding energy storage mechanisms still lack systematic analyses.Herein,this review will be prudently organized from the perspectives of design strategies,electrode configurations,energy storage mechanisms,recent advances in electrode materials,electrolyte behaviors and further applications(micro or flexible devices)of ZHSCs.The synthesis processes and electrochemical properties of well-designed Zn anodes,capacitor-type electrodes and novel Zn-ion battery-type cathodes are comprehensively discussed.Finally,a brief summary and outlook for the further development of ZHSCs are presented as well.This review will provide timely access for researchers to the recent works regarding ZHSCs.展开更多
Network attached storage (NAS) with the properties of improved scalability, simplified management, low cost and balanced price performance, is desirable for high performance storage systems applied to extensive area...Network attached storage (NAS) with the properties of improved scalability, simplified management, low cost and balanced price performance, is desirable for high performance storage systems applied to extensive areas. Unfortunately, it also has some disadvantages such as increased network workload, and inconvenience in disaster recovery. To overcome these disadvantages, we propose a channel bonding technique and provide hot backup functions in the designed NAS system, named HUSTserver. Channel bonding means merging multiple Ethernet channels into integrated one, and that the data packets can be transferred through any available network channels in a parallel mode. The hot backup function provides automatic data mirroring among servers. In this paper, we first describe the whole system prototype from a software and hardware architecture view. Then, multiple Ethernet and hot backup technologies that distinguish HUSTserver from others are discussed in detail. The findings presented demonstrate that network bandwidth can be scaled by the use of multiple commodity networks. Dual parallel channels of commodity 100 Mbps Ethernet are both necessary and sufficient to support the data rates of multiple concurrent file transfers. And the hot backup function introduced in our system provides high data accessibility.展开更多
Aqueous electrochemical energy storage(EES)devices are highly safe,environmentally benign,and inexpensive,but their operating voltage and energy density must be increased if they are to efficiently power multifunction...Aqueous electrochemical energy storage(EES)devices are highly safe,environmentally benign,and inexpensive,but their operating voltage and energy density must be increased if they are to efficiently power multifunctional electronics,new-energy cars as well as to be used in smart grids.This Minireview summarizes the key breakthroughs and progress in expanding the electrochemical stability window(ESW)of aqueous EES devices over the past five years.After briefly introducing the electrode engineering ways to widen ESW,we focus on four ground-breaking electrolyte engineering strategies and classify them into two kinds from the perspective of salts and exotic solutes/solvents.The widening degree toward ESW of these emerging electrolytes is compared and the universal fundamental mechanism relating to the interactions between limited water molecules and high-concentration salts(or large amounts of exotic solutes/solvents)is elucidated.Key challenges and perspectives for high-ESW electrolytes as well as recent advances in low-cost and other metal ion(sodium,potassium,zinc,etc.)-based electrolytes for expanding ESW are also outlined.展开更多
In this paper,we give a review of some most powerful pulsed systems developed at the Institute of High Current Electronics(HCEI),Siberian Branch,Russian Academy of Sciences,and describe latest achievements of the team...In this paper,we give a review of some most powerful pulsed systems developed at the Institute of High Current Electronics(HCEI),Siberian Branch,Russian Academy of Sciences,and describe latest achievements of the teams dealing with these installations.Besides the presented high-power systems,HCEI performs numerous investigations using much less powerful generators.For instance,last year much attention was paying to the research and development of the intense low-energy(<200 kV)high-current electron and ion beam and plasma sources,and their application in the technology[1-3].展开更多
Batteries,fuel cells,and supercapacitors are electrochemical devices already on the market and still need a boost in kinetics to match the high energy density demand of applications.Perovskites have attracted the scie...Batteries,fuel cells,and supercapacitors are electrochemical devices already on the market and still need a boost in kinetics to match the high energy density demand of applications.Perovskites have attracted the scientific community's attention in the last decade due to their electrocatalytic activity,chemical and structural properties,tunability,low cost,and scalability.Efforts have been made to understand the active sites and the operational mechanisms in perovskite oxides to shape them as an electrocatalyst in advanced energy devices.Understanding the role of perovskites is the key to engineering more controlled and efficient electrocatalysts via chemical synthesis,and there is still much to do.This review highlights the use of perovskites in different energy storage and conversion systems.The A,B,and A&B doping-site effects are analyzed to understand the opportunities and challenges related to this class of materials.In addition,the synthesis methods and the properties related to the doping site are described and summarized.展开更多
Sodium-ion batteries(SIBs)are potential candidates for the replacement of lithium-ion batteries to meet the increasing demands of electrical storage systems due to the low cost and high abundance of sodium.Sodium supe...Sodium-ion batteries(SIBs)are potential candidates for the replacement of lithium-ion batteries to meet the increasing demands of electrical storage systems due to the low cost and high abundance of sodium.Sodium superionic conductor(NASICON)structured materials have attracted enormous interest in recent years as electrode materials for safer and long-term performance of SIBs for electric energy storage smart grids.These materials have a threedimensional robust framework,high redox potential,thermal stability,and a fast Na^(+)-ion diffusion mechanism.However,NASICON has low intrinsic electronic conductivity,which limits the electrochemical performance.This review describes the structural features of NASICONs to illustrate the ion storage mechanism and electrochemical performance of SIBs.Details of the NASICON crystal structure,the affiliated Na^(+)-ion diffusion mechanism,morphology,and electrochemical performance of these materials in sodiumion half-cells as well as full cells are described.In addition to the application as electrode materials,the use of NASICONs as solid electrolytes is also elaborated in solid-state SIBs.Based on these aspects,we have provided more perspectives in terms of the commercialization of SIBs and strategies to overcome the limitations of NASICONs.Hence,this review is expected to provide the researchers of energy storage with an in-depth understanding of NASICON materials with the knowledge of structural features,which will provide a new avenue on the practicality of SIBs.展开更多
In distributed storage systems,file access efficiency has an important impact on the real-time nature of information forensics.As a popular approach to improve file accessing efficiency,prefetching model can fetches d...In distributed storage systems,file access efficiency has an important impact on the real-time nature of information forensics.As a popular approach to improve file accessing efficiency,prefetching model can fetches data before it is needed according to the file access pattern,which can reduce the I/O waiting time and increase the system concurrency.However,prefetching model needs to mine the degree of association between files to ensure the accuracy of prefetching.In the massive small file situation,the sheer volume of files poses a challenge to the efficiency and accuracy of relevance mining.In this paper,we propose a massive files prefetching model based on LSTM neural network with cache transaction strategy to improve file access efficiency.Firstly,we propose a file clustering algorithm based on temporal locality and spatial locality to reduce the computational complexity.Secondly,we propose a definition of cache transaction according to files occurrence in cache instead of time-offset distance based methods to extract file block feature accurately.Lastly,we innovatively propose a file access prediction algorithm based on LSTM neural network which predict the file that have high possibility to be accessed.Experiments show that compared with the traditional LRU and the plain grouping methods,the proposed model notably increase the cache hit rate and effectively reduces the I/O wait time.展开更多
Redundant array of inexpensive disk (RAID)10 is known as the most reliable disk array architecture to tolerate up to half of total disk failures, but failure of two disks in the same mirror set still results in data...Redundant array of inexpensive disk (RAID)10 is known as the most reliable disk array architecture to tolerate up to half of total disk failures, but failure of two disks in the same mirror set still results in data loss. In this paper, we propose a new disk array architecture, mirroring and parity protected RAID (MP-RAID), which combines both mirroring and parity techniques to further improve reliability of disk arrays. The main idea behind MP-RAID is to protect the data by both mirroring and parity techniques: keep two copies of data in the same mirror set and update the parity block in the log disk within the same parity groups. Reliability analysis shows that the reliability of MP-RAID, in terms of mean time to data loss (MTTDL), is much better than RAID10 and RAID5.展开更多
文摘Energy in its varied forms and applications has become the main driver of today’s modern society. However, recent changes in power demand and climatic changes (decarbonization policy) has awakened the need to rethink through the current energy generating and distribution system. This led to the exploration of other energy sources of which renewable energy (like thermal, solar and wind energy) is fast becoming an integral part of most energy system. However, this innovative and promising energy source is highly unreliable in maintaining a constant peak power that matches demand. Energy storage systems have thus been highlighted as a solution in managing such imbalances and maintaining the stability of supply. Energy storage technologies absorb and store energy, and release it on demand. This includes gravitational potential energy (pumped hydroelectric), chemical energy (batteries), kinetic energy (flywheels or compressed air), and energy in the form of electrical (capacitors) and magnetic fields. This paper provides a detailed and comprehensive overview of some of the state-of-the-art energy storage technologies, its evolution, classification, and comparison along with various area of applications. Also highlighted in this paper is a plethora of power electronic Interface technologies that plays a significant role in enabling optimum performance and utilization of energy storage systems in different areas of application.
基金relates to Department of Navy award(N00014-20-1-2858)。
文摘The control of battery energy storage systems(BESSs)plays an important role in the management of microgrids.In this paper,the problem of balancing the state-ofcharge(SoC)of the networked battery units in a BESS while meeting the total charging/discharging power requirement is formulated and solved as a distributed control problem.Conditions on the communication topology among the battery units are established under which a control law is designed for each battery unit to solve the control problem based on distributed average reference power estimators and distributed average unit state estimators.Two types of estimators are proposed.One achieves asymptotic estimation and the other achieves finite time estimation.We show that,under the proposed control laws,SoC balancing of all battery units is achieved and the total charging/discharging power of the BESS tracks the desired power.A simulation example is shown to verify the theoretical results.
基金supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (61640006, 61572188)the Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi Province, China (2015JM6307, 2016JQ6011)the project of science and technology of Xi’an City (2017088CG/RC051(CADX002))
文摘In distributed cloud storage systems, inevitably there exist multiple node failures at the same time. The existing methods of regenerating codes, including minimum storage regenerating(MSR) codes and minimum bandwidth regenerating(MBR) codes, are mainly to repair one single or several failed nodes, unable to meet the repair need of distributed cloud storage systems. In this paper, we present locally minimum storage regenerating(LMSR) codes to recover multiple failed nodes at the same time. Specifically, the nodes in distributed cloud storage systems are divided into multiple local groups, and in each local group(4, 2) or(5, 3) MSR codes are constructed. Moreover, the grouping method of storage nodes and the repairing process of failed nodes in local groups are studied. Theoretical analysis shows that LMSR codes can achieve the same storage overhead as MSR codes. Furthermore, we verify by means of simulation that, compared with MSR codes, LMSR codes can reduce the repair bandwidth and disk I/O overhead effectively.
基金The Deanship of Scientific Research at Najran University has supported this work,under the General Research Funding program grant code(NU/-/SERC/10/650).
文摘This paper presents a novel Simulink models with an evaluation study of more widely used On-Line Maximum Power Point tracking(MPPT)techniques for Photo-Voltaic based Battery Storage Systems(PV-BSS).To have a full comparative study in terms of the dynamic response,battery state of charge(SOC),and oscillations around the Maximum Power Point(MPP)of the PV-BSS to variations in climate conditions,these techniques are simulated in Matlab/Simulink.The introduced methodologies are classified into two types;the first type is conventional hill-climbing techniques which are based on instantaneous PV data measurements such as Perturb&Observe and Incremental Conductance techniques.The second type is a novel proposed methodology is based on using solar irradiance and cell temperature measurements with pre-build Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System(ANFIS)model to predict DC–DC converter optimum duty cycle to track MPP.Then evaluation study is introduced for conventional and proposed On-Line MPPT techniques.This comparative study can be useful in specifying the appropriateness of the MPPT techniques for PV-BSS.Also the introduced model can be used as a valued reference model for future research related to Soft Computing(SC)MPPT techniques.A significant improvement of SOC is achieved by the proposed model and methodology with high accuracy and lower oscillations.
基金supported by the Project funded by China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Grant No.2022M710906).
文摘In a power system, when extreme events occur, such as ice storm, large scale blackouts may be unavoidable. Such small probability but high risk events have huge impact on power systems. Most resilience research in power systems only considers faults on the physical side, which would lead to overly idealistic results. This paper proposes a two-stage cyber-physical resilience enhancement method considering energy storage (ES) systems. The first stage calculates optimal planning of ES systems, and the second stage assesses resilience and enhancement of ES systems during the disaster. In the proposed model, cyber faults indirectly damage the system by disabling monitoring and control function of control center. As a result, when detection and response process of physical faults are blocked by cyber failures, serious load shedding occurs. Such a cyber-physical coupling mechanism of fault, response, restoration process is demonstrated in the modified IEEE Reliable Test System-79 (RTS-79). Simulation results show compared with the physical-only system, the cyber-physical system has a more accurate but degraded resilient performance. Besides, ES systems setting at proper place effectively enhance resilience of the cyber-physical transmission system with less load Shedding.
基金supported in part by the State Key Laboratory of Alternate Electrical Power System with Renewable Energy Sources under Grant LAPS21002in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant 52061635102in part by Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation under Grant 2021A1515110583.
文摘Microgrids(MGs)are playing a fundamental role in the transition of energy systems towards a low carbon future due to the advantages of a highly efficient network architecture for flexible integration of various DC/AC loads,distributed renewable energy sources,and energy storage systems,as well as a more resilient and economical on/off-grid control,operation,and energy management.However,MGs,as newcomers to the utility grid,are also facing challenges due to economic deregulation of energy systems,restructuring of generation,and marketbased operation.This paper comprehensively summarizes the published research works in the areas of MGs and related energy management modelling and solution techniques.First,MGs and energy storage systems are classified into multiple branches and typical combinations as the backbone of MG energy management.Second,energy management models under exogenous and endogenous uncertainties are summarized and extended to transactive energy management.Mathematical programming,adaptive dynamic programming,and deep reinforcement learning-based solution methods are investigated accordingly,together with their implementation schemes.Finally,problems for future energy management systems with dynamics-captured critical component models,stability constraints,resilience awareness,market operation,and emerging computational techniques are discussed.
基金This work is supported by National Basic Research Program of China(973 Program)(No.2013CB228201).
文摘Integrating a battery energy storage system(ESS)with a large wind farm can smooth the intermittent power obtained from the wind farm,but the smoothing function will not be achieved if multiple ESSs are used to smooth the fluctuations in individual wind power plants in a distributed pattern.Therefore,this study focuses on the development of a control strategy to optimize the use of multiple ESSs to accelerate the adoption of wind energy resources.This paper proposes a quasi-automated generation control(QAGC)strategy to coordinate multiple ESSs,which responds to the grid dispatch demand rather than smoothing out the intermittent power from individual wind farms.The aims of QAGC are to ensure that multiple ESSs provide a service that is as balanced as possible,so more wind power systems at various scales can be accepted by the grid,as well maximizing the low-carbon benefits of ESSs.The effectiveness of QAGC is demonstrated by using data from an actual gigawatt scale cluster of wind plants.
文摘The world is rapidly adopting renewable energy alternatives at a remarkable rate to address the ever-increasing environmental crisis of CO_(2) emissions.Renewable energy system offers enormous potential to decarbonize the environment because they produce no greenhouse gases or other polluting emissions.However,the RES relies on natural resources for energy generation,such as sunlight,wind,water,geothermal,which are generally un-predictable and reliant on weather,season,and year.To account for these intermittencies,renewable energy can be stored using various techniques and then used in a consistent and controlled manner as needed.Several researchers from around the world have made substantial contributions over the last century to developing novel methods of energy storage that are efficient enough to meet increasing energy demand and technological break-throughs.This review attempts to provide a critical review of the advancements in the energy storage system from 1850-2022,including its evolution,classification,operating principles and comparison.
文摘The energy storage system(ESS) is becoming an important component in power systems to mitigate the adverse impact of intermittent renewable energy resources and improve power grid reliability and efficiency.However,storage devices driven by different technologies can have specific grid impacts.This special section is dedicated to reflecting the
文摘Moran considered a dam whose inflow in a given interval of time is a continuous random variable. He then developed integral equations for the probabilities of emptiness and overflow. These equations are difficult to solve numerically;thus, approximations have been proposed that discretize the input. In this paper, extensions are considered for storage systems with different assumptions for storage losses. We also develop discrete approximations for the probabilities of emptiness and overflow.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(72201152 and 52207229)。
文摘Addressing climate change demands a significant shift away from fossil fuels,with sectors like electricity and transportation relying heavily on renewable energy.Integral to this transition are energy storage systems,notably lithium-ion batteries.Over time,these batteries degrade,affecting their efficiency and posing safety risks.Monitoring and predicting battery aging is essential,especially estimating its state of health(SOH).Various SOH estimation methods exist,from traditional model-based approaches to machine learning approaches.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.12005289 and 52071331)the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2019YFA0210000)the State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Detection and Electronics,University of Science and Technology of China(No.SKLPDE-KF-202316)。
文摘In this study,the interactions between a Ga-based liquid metal,GaInSn,and several metal materials,including pure metals(Ni and Ti)and alloys(316H stainless steel(SS)and GH3535),at 650℃were investigated.The aim was to evaluate the corrosion performance and select a suitable candidate material for use as a molten salt manometer diaphragm in thermal energy storage systems.The results indicated that the alloys(316H SS and GH3535)exhibited less corrosion than pure metals(Ni and Ti)in liquid GaInSn.Ga-rich binary intermetallic compounds were found to form on the surfaces of all the tested metal materials exposed to liquid GaInSn,as a result of the decomposition of liquid GaInSn and its reaction with the constituent elements of the metal materials.The corrosion mechanism for all the tested materials exposed to liquid GaInSn was also investigated and proposed,which may aid in selecting the optimal candidate material when liquid GaInSn is used as the pressure-sensing medium.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation(U1802254,U20A20168,61874065,51861145202)of China,the National Key R&D Program(2018YFC2001202)Zhejiang University of Technology’s Research Start-up Foundation(2021125010629)Xiangshun Geng thanks for the support from Shuimu Tsinghua Scholar Program.
文摘As a new generation of Zn-ion storage systems,Zn-ion hybrid supercapacitors(ZHSCs)garner tremendous interests recently from researchers due to the perfect integration of batteries and supercapacitors.ZHSCs have excellent integration of high energy density and power density,which seamlessly bridges the gap between batteries and supercapacitors,becoming one of the most viable future options for large-scale equipment and portable electronic devices.However,the currently reported two configurations of ZHSCs and corresponding energy storage mechanisms still lack systematic analyses.Herein,this review will be prudently organized from the perspectives of design strategies,electrode configurations,energy storage mechanisms,recent advances in electrode materials,electrolyte behaviors and further applications(micro or flexible devices)of ZHSCs.The synthesis processes and electrochemical properties of well-designed Zn anodes,capacitor-type electrodes and novel Zn-ion battery-type cathodes are comprehensively discussed.Finally,a brief summary and outlook for the further development of ZHSCs are presented as well.This review will provide timely access for researchers to the recent works regarding ZHSCs.
文摘Network attached storage (NAS) with the properties of improved scalability, simplified management, low cost and balanced price performance, is desirable for high performance storage systems applied to extensive areas. Unfortunately, it also has some disadvantages such as increased network workload, and inconvenience in disaster recovery. To overcome these disadvantages, we propose a channel bonding technique and provide hot backup functions in the designed NAS system, named HUSTserver. Channel bonding means merging multiple Ethernet channels into integrated one, and that the data packets can be transferred through any available network channels in a parallel mode. The hot backup function provides automatic data mirroring among servers. In this paper, we first describe the whole system prototype from a software and hardware architecture view. Then, multiple Ethernet and hot backup technologies that distinguish HUSTserver from others are discussed in detail. The findings presented demonstrate that network bandwidth can be scaled by the use of multiple commodity networks. Dual parallel channels of commodity 100 Mbps Ethernet are both necessary and sufficient to support the data rates of multiple concurrent file transfers. And the hot backup function introduced in our system provides high data accessibility.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.51972257,51872104 and 51672205)the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2016YFA0202602)the Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province(2018CFB581)
文摘Aqueous electrochemical energy storage(EES)devices are highly safe,environmentally benign,and inexpensive,but their operating voltage and energy density must be increased if they are to efficiently power multifunctional electronics,new-energy cars as well as to be used in smart grids.This Minireview summarizes the key breakthroughs and progress in expanding the electrochemical stability window(ESW)of aqueous EES devices over the past five years.After briefly introducing the electrode engineering ways to widen ESW,we focus on four ground-breaking electrolyte engineering strategies and classify them into two kinds from the perspective of salts and exotic solutes/solvents.The widening degree toward ESW of these emerging electrolytes is compared and the universal fundamental mechanism relating to the interactions between limited water molecules and high-concentration salts(or large amounts of exotic solutes/solvents)is elucidated.Key challenges and perspectives for high-ESW electrolytes as well as recent advances in low-cost and other metal ion(sodium,potassium,zinc,etc.)-based electrolytes for expanding ESW are also outlined.
基金supported in part by Russian Foundation for Basic Research(project No.15-08-01324).
文摘In this paper,we give a review of some most powerful pulsed systems developed at the Institute of High Current Electronics(HCEI),Siberian Branch,Russian Academy of Sciences,and describe latest achievements of the teams dealing with these installations.Besides the presented high-power systems,HCEI performs numerous investigations using much less powerful generators.For instance,last year much attention was paying to the research and development of the intense low-energy(<200 kV)high-current electron and ion beam and plasma sources,and their application in the technology[1-3].
基金support from FAPESP (Sao Paulo Research Foundation,Grant Numbers 2014/02163-7,2017/11958-1,2020/14968-0)CNPq (Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico,301486/2016-6)the support given by ANP (Brazil’s National Oil,Natural Gas and Biofuels Agency)through the R&D levy regulation。
文摘Batteries,fuel cells,and supercapacitors are electrochemical devices already on the market and still need a boost in kinetics to match the high energy density demand of applications.Perovskites have attracted the scientific community's attention in the last decade due to their electrocatalytic activity,chemical and structural properties,tunability,low cost,and scalability.Efforts have been made to understand the active sites and the operational mechanisms in perovskite oxides to shape them as an electrocatalyst in advanced energy devices.Understanding the role of perovskites is the key to engineering more controlled and efficient electrocatalysts via chemical synthesis,and there is still much to do.This review highlights the use of perovskites in different energy storage and conversion systems.The A,B,and A&B doping-site effects are analyzed to understand the opportunities and challenges related to this class of materials.In addition,the synthesis methods and the properties related to the doping site are described and summarized.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,Grant/Award Numbers:52027801,51631001National Key Research and Technology Program of China,Grant/Award Number:2017YFA0206301+1 种基金China-German Collaboration Project,Grant/Award Number:M-0199Natural Science Foundation of Beijing Municipality,Grant/Award Number:2191001。
文摘Sodium-ion batteries(SIBs)are potential candidates for the replacement of lithium-ion batteries to meet the increasing demands of electrical storage systems due to the low cost and high abundance of sodium.Sodium superionic conductor(NASICON)structured materials have attracted enormous interest in recent years as electrode materials for safer and long-term performance of SIBs for electric energy storage smart grids.These materials have a threedimensional robust framework,high redox potential,thermal stability,and a fast Na^(+)-ion diffusion mechanism.However,NASICON has low intrinsic electronic conductivity,which limits the electrochemical performance.This review describes the structural features of NASICONs to illustrate the ion storage mechanism and electrochemical performance of SIBs.Details of the NASICON crystal structure,the affiliated Na^(+)-ion diffusion mechanism,morphology,and electrochemical performance of these materials in sodiumion half-cells as well as full cells are described.In addition to the application as electrode materials,the use of NASICONs as solid electrolytes is also elaborated in solid-state SIBs.Based on these aspects,we have provided more perspectives in terms of the commercialization of SIBs and strategies to overcome the limitations of NASICONs.Hence,this review is expected to provide the researchers of energy storage with an in-depth understanding of NASICON materials with the knowledge of structural features,which will provide a new avenue on the practicality of SIBs.
基金This work is supported by‘The Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Grant No.HIT.NSRIF.201714)’‘Weihai Science and Technology Development Program(2016DXGJMS15)’‘Key Research and Development Program in Shandong Provincial(2017GGX90103)’.
文摘In distributed storage systems,file access efficiency has an important impact on the real-time nature of information forensics.As a popular approach to improve file accessing efficiency,prefetching model can fetches data before it is needed according to the file access pattern,which can reduce the I/O waiting time and increase the system concurrency.However,prefetching model needs to mine the degree of association between files to ensure the accuracy of prefetching.In the massive small file situation,the sheer volume of files poses a challenge to the efficiency and accuracy of relevance mining.In this paper,we propose a massive files prefetching model based on LSTM neural network with cache transaction strategy to improve file access efficiency.Firstly,we propose a file clustering algorithm based on temporal locality and spatial locality to reduce the computational complexity.Secondly,we propose a definition of cache transaction according to files occurrence in cache instead of time-offset distance based methods to extract file block feature accurately.Lastly,we innovatively propose a file access prediction algorithm based on LSTM neural network which predict the file that have high possibility to be accessed.Experiments show that compared with the traditional LRU and the plain grouping methods,the proposed model notably increase the cache hit rate and effectively reduces the I/O wait time.
基金Project supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (Grant No.2004CB318201)the National High-Technology Research and Development Program of China (Grant No.2008AA01A401)the Changjiang Innovative Group of Ministry of Education of China (Grant No.IRT0725)
文摘Redundant array of inexpensive disk (RAID)10 is known as the most reliable disk array architecture to tolerate up to half of total disk failures, but failure of two disks in the same mirror set still results in data loss. In this paper, we propose a new disk array architecture, mirroring and parity protected RAID (MP-RAID), which combines both mirroring and parity techniques to further improve reliability of disk arrays. The main idea behind MP-RAID is to protect the data by both mirroring and parity techniques: keep two copies of data in the same mirror set and update the parity block in the log disk within the same parity groups. Reliability analysis shows that the reliability of MP-RAID, in terms of mean time to data loss (MTTDL), is much better than RAID10 and RAID5.