By using regular meteorological data and Doppler radar data,causes for a hail storm over northern area of Dalian on Oct.13,2009 were analyzed from several aspects,including synoptic background,T-LnP charts and the cha...By using regular meteorological data and Doppler radar data,causes for a hail storm over northern area of Dalian on Oct.13,2009 were analyzed from several aspects,including synoptic background,T-LnP charts and the characteristics of radar reflectivity factor evolution.The results showed that the hail storm occurred in downstream of 500 hPa trough.The 500 hPa cold trough turned zonally and triggered the formation of shear line on lower level.Before the hail event,instability energy and moisture supply were observed.The shear line on lower level intensified the atmospheric instability,promoted the release of potential energy,caused the hail event.The cooperation of upper and lower level jet streams provided favorable dynamic condition for strong convection development.The Doppler radar analysis showed that strong convection was comprised of multiple convection cells,which demonstrated 'L' and 'V' shapes during mature stage,with peak intensity of 50-60 dBz.展开更多
Based on the sand dust storms data and climatic data in 12 meteorological stations around sand dust storm originating areas of the Taklimakan Desert, we analyzed the trends of the number of dust storm days from 1960 t...Based on the sand dust storms data and climatic data in 12 meteorological stations around sand dust storm originating areas of the Taklimakan Desert, we analyzed the trends of the number of dust storm days from 1960 to 2005 as well as their correlations with temperature, precipitation, wind speed and the number of days with mean wind speed 〉 5 m/s. The results show that the frequency of dust storm events in the Taklimakan region decreased with the elapse of time. Except Ruoqiang and Minfeng, in the other 10 meteorological stations, the frequency of dust storm events reduces, and in 4 meteorological stations of Kuqa, Korla, Kalpin and Hotan, the frequency of dust storm events distinctly decreases. The temperature has an increasing trend, while the average wind speed and the number of days with mean wind speed ≥ 5 m/s have decreasing trends. The correlation analysis between the number of days of dust storms and climatic parameters demonstrates that wind speed and the number of days with mean wind speed 〉 5 m/s have strong positive correlation with the number of days of dust storms, with the correlations coefficients being 0.743 and 0.720 （p〈0.01）, respectively, which indicates that strong wind is the direct factor resulting in sand dust storms. Whereas precipitation has significant negative correlation with the number of days of dust storms （p〈0.01）, and the prior annual precipitation has also negative correlation, which indicates that the prior precipitation restrains the occurrence of sand dust storms, but this restraining action is weaker than the same year＇s precipitation. Temperature has negative correlation with the number of dust storm days, with a correlations coefficient of -0.433 （p〈0.01）, which means that temperature change also has impacts on the occurrence of dust storm events in the Taklimakan region.展开更多
台风引起的风暴增水严重影响沿海地区的生产生活,是造成经济损失最严重的海洋灾害之一。深圳市位于中国南海北部沿岸,是易受风暴潮灾害影响的区域,对深圳近海海域风暴潮开展研究不仅能够提升对风暴潮物理机制的认识,同时对沿海城市有效...台风引起的风暴增水严重影响沿海地区的生产生活,是造成经济损失最严重的海洋灾害之一。深圳市位于中国南海北部沿岸,是易受风暴潮灾害影响的区域,对深圳近海海域风暴潮开展研究不仅能够提升对风暴潮物理机制的认识,同时对沿海城市有效防灾减灾预警有重要意义。在风暴潮模拟研究过程中,台风气象场是风暴潮模拟准确与否的关键因素。本文针对深圳近海区域海洋环境,以海流模型FVCOM(finite volume community ocean model)和海浪模型SWAN(simulation wave nearshore)为基础,建立了区域风暴潮–波浪耦合模型,分别用再分析气象数据(European center for medium weather forecasting,ECMWF)、理想台风模型(Holland)及大气模型台风模拟结果(weather research and forecast,WRF)作为驱动场条件,对台风“山竹”期间的风暴潮过程进行模拟。结果表明:分辨率较低的ECMWF再分析气象数据难以准确体现台风水平结构,从而导致模拟误差;Holland气象场在整体上能够对台风“山竹”进行准确模拟,但无法再现台风在近岸区域的结构形变,从而导致在蛇口及附近(深圳湾,珠江口内侧)区域的风暴潮模拟水位偏高;WRF对风速、气压、水位、波浪都有较好的模拟效果,且WRF很好的改善了Holland在靠近台风登陆点的区域风暴潮水位偏高的问题,对珠江口、深圳湾区域定量改进约20%~30%。在未来的风暴潮预报中,如果采用类似于Holland这样的理想台风场,需注意上述区域的模拟结果。此外,Holland理想台风场和WRF模型结果驱动下的波浪场模拟效果都较好。展开更多
文摘By using regular meteorological data and Doppler radar data,causes for a hail storm over northern area of Dalian on Oct.13,2009 were analyzed from several aspects,including synoptic background,T-LnP charts and the characteristics of radar reflectivity factor evolution.The results showed that the hail storm occurred in downstream of 500 hPa trough.The 500 hPa cold trough turned zonally and triggered the formation of shear line on lower level.Before the hail event,instability energy and moisture supply were observed.The shear line on lower level intensified the atmospheric instability,promoted the release of potential energy,caused the hail event.The cooperation of upper and lower level jet streams provided favorable dynamic condition for strong convection development.The Doppler radar analysis showed that strong convection was comprised of multiple convection cells,which demonstrated 'L' and 'V' shapes during mature stage,with peak intensity of 50-60 dBz.
基金National Science and Technology support Project of the Extreme Meteorological Disasters Risk Regionalization and Impact ssessment,No.2007BAC29B05CMA project of Meteorological Disaster Assessment,No.20082012208
文摘Based on the sand dust storms data and climatic data in 12 meteorological stations around sand dust storm originating areas of the Taklimakan Desert, we analyzed the trends of the number of dust storm days from 1960 to 2005 as well as their correlations with temperature, precipitation, wind speed and the number of days with mean wind speed 〉 5 m/s. The results show that the frequency of dust storm events in the Taklimakan region decreased with the elapse of time. Except Ruoqiang and Minfeng, in the other 10 meteorological stations, the frequency of dust storm events reduces, and in 4 meteorological stations of Kuqa, Korla, Kalpin and Hotan, the frequency of dust storm events distinctly decreases. The temperature has an increasing trend, while the average wind speed and the number of days with mean wind speed ≥ 5 m/s have decreasing trends. The correlation analysis between the number of days of dust storms and climatic parameters demonstrates that wind speed and the number of days with mean wind speed 〉 5 m/s have strong positive correlation with the number of days of dust storms, with the correlations coefficients being 0.743 and 0.720 （p〈0.01）, respectively, which indicates that strong wind is the direct factor resulting in sand dust storms. Whereas precipitation has significant negative correlation with the number of days of dust storms （p〈0.01）, and the prior annual precipitation has also negative correlation, which indicates that the prior precipitation restrains the occurrence of sand dust storms, but this restraining action is weaker than the same year＇s precipitation. Temperature has negative correlation with the number of dust storm days, with a correlations coefficient of -0.433 （p〈0.01）, which means that temperature change also has impacts on the occurrence of dust storm events in the Taklimakan region.
文摘台风引起的风暴增水严重影响沿海地区的生产生活,是造成经济损失最严重的海洋灾害之一。深圳市位于中国南海北部沿岸,是易受风暴潮灾害影响的区域,对深圳近海海域风暴潮开展研究不仅能够提升对风暴潮物理机制的认识,同时对沿海城市有效防灾减灾预警有重要意义。在风暴潮模拟研究过程中,台风气象场是风暴潮模拟准确与否的关键因素。本文针对深圳近海区域海洋环境,以海流模型FVCOM(finite volume community ocean model)和海浪模型SWAN(simulation wave nearshore)为基础,建立了区域风暴潮–波浪耦合模型,分别用再分析气象数据(European center for medium weather forecasting,ECMWF)、理想台风模型(Holland)及大气模型台风模拟结果(weather research and forecast,WRF)作为驱动场条件,对台风“山竹”期间的风暴潮过程进行模拟。结果表明:分辨率较低的ECMWF再分析气象数据难以准确体现台风水平结构,从而导致模拟误差;Holland气象场在整体上能够对台风“山竹”进行准确模拟,但无法再现台风在近岸区域的结构形变,从而导致在蛇口及附近(深圳湾,珠江口内侧)区域的风暴潮模拟水位偏高;WRF对风速、气压、水位、波浪都有较好的模拟效果,且WRF很好的改善了Holland在靠近台风登陆点的区域风暴潮水位偏高的问题,对珠江口、深圳湾区域定量改进约20%~30%。在未来的风暴潮预报中,如果采用类似于Holland这样的理想台风场,需注意上述区域的模拟结果。此外,Holland理想台风场和WRF模型结果驱动下的波浪场模拟效果都较好。
