In this paper, we present evolutions of the phase space density(PSD) spectra of ring current(RC) ions based on observations made by Van Allen Probe B during a geomagnetic storm on 23–24 August 2016. By analyzing PSD ...In this paper, we present evolutions of the phase space density(PSD) spectra of ring current(RC) ions based on observations made by Van Allen Probe B during a geomagnetic storm on 23–24 August 2016. By analyzing PSD spectra ratios from the initial phase to the main phase of the storm, we find that during the main phase, RC ions with low magnetic moment μ values can penetrate deeper into the magnetosphere than can those with high μ values, and that the μ range of PSD enhancement meets the relationship: S(O^+) >S(He^+)>S(H^+). Based on simultaneously observed ULF waves, theoretical calculation suggests that the radial transport of RC ions into the deep inner magnetosphere is caused by drift-bounce resonance interactions, and the efficiency of these resonance interactions satisfies the relationship: η(O^+) > η(He^+) > η(H^+), leading to the differences in μ range of PSD enhancement for different RC ions. In the recovery phase,the observed decay rates for different RC ions meet the relationship: R(O^+) > R(He^+) > R(H^+), in accordance with previous theoretical calculations, i.e., the charge exchange lifetime of O^+ is shorter than those of H^+ and He^+.展开更多
本文研究了2000年10月5日磁暴主相两个不同时段期间环电流的变化速度与相应太阳风参数的关系.研究发现,磁暴主相期间环电流的变化速度并不取决于行星际磁场南向分量的平均值和最大值,也不取决于太阳风电场的平均值和最大值.本文的研究证...本文研究了2000年10月5日磁暴主相两个不同时段期间环电流的变化速度与相应太阳风参数的关系.研究发现,磁暴主相期间环电流的变化速度并不取决于行星际磁场南向分量的平均值和最大值,也不取决于太阳风电场的平均值和最大值.本文的研究证明,磁暴环电流增强期间环电流的变化速度,不仅取决于行星际磁场南向分量和太阳风的速度,还取决于太阳风的动压,而且太阳风的动压起着非常重要的作用.研究还发现,采用Burton et al.(1975)方程和O′Brien,McPherron (2000a)方程估算得到的2000年10月5日的两次地磁活动的强度远低于实际的观测值.展开更多
The effects of wave-induced radiation stress on storm surge were simulated during Typhoon Saomai using a wave-current coupled model based on ROMS （Regional Ocean Modeling System） ocean model and SWAN （Simulating Wa...The effects of wave-induced radiation stress on storm surge were simulated during Typhoon Saomai using a wave-current coupled model based on ROMS （Regional Ocean Modeling System） ocean model and SWAN （Simulating Waves Nearshore） wave model. The results show that radiation stress can cause both set-up and set-down in the storm surge. Wave-induced set-up near the coast can be explained by decreasing significant wave heights as the waves propagate shoreward in an approximately uniform direction; wave-induced set-down far from the coast can be explained by the waves propagating in an approximately uniform direction with increasing significant wave heights. The shoreward radiation stress is the essential reason for the wave-induced set-up along the coast. The occurrence of set-down can be also explained by the divergence of the radiation stress. The maximum wave-induced set-up occurs on the right side of the Typhoon path, whereas the maximum wave induced set-down occurs on the left side.展开更多
To investigate the dynamics of submersible mussel rafts, the finite element program Aqua-FETM, developed by the University of New Hampshire（UNH）, was applied to rafts moored at the surface and submerged. The submerg...To investigate the dynamics of submersible mussel rafts, the finite element program Aqua-FETM, developed by the University of New Hampshire（UNH）, was applied to rafts moored at the surface and submerged. The submerged configuration is used to reduce wave forcing and to avoid contact with floating ice during winters in northern waters. Each raft consists of three pontoons connected by a grid framework. Rafts are intended to support densely spaced mussel ropes hung from the framework. When submerged, the pontoons are flooded, and the raft is held vertically by floats attached by lines. The computer models were developed in Aqua-FE？ to simulate the effects of waves and current. They were validated by comparison with wave tank results by use of a 1/10 scale raft physical model. Comparisons showed good agreement for the important heave（vertical） and pitch（rotational） motions, though there was a tendency towards conservative results for wave and current drag. Full-scale simulations of surface and submerged single raft and two rafts connected in tandem were performed. Submerged raft wave response was found to be reduced relative to that at the surface for both the single and two-raft configurations. In particular, the vertical motion of mussel rope connection points was significantly reduced by submergence, resulting in reduced potential for mussel drop-off. For example, the maximum vertical velocities of mussel rope attachment points in the submerged two raft case were 7%-20% of the corresponding velocities when at the surface.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (41925018, 41874194)
文摘In this paper, we present evolutions of the phase space density(PSD) spectra of ring current(RC) ions based on observations made by Van Allen Probe B during a geomagnetic storm on 23–24 August 2016. By analyzing PSD spectra ratios from the initial phase to the main phase of the storm, we find that during the main phase, RC ions with low magnetic moment μ values can penetrate deeper into the magnetosphere than can those with high μ values, and that the μ range of PSD enhancement meets the relationship: S(O^+) >S(He^+)>S(H^+). Based on simultaneously observed ULF waves, theoretical calculation suggests that the radial transport of RC ions into the deep inner magnetosphere is caused by drift-bounce resonance interactions, and the efficiency of these resonance interactions satisfies the relationship: η(O^+) > η(He^+) > η(H^+), leading to the differences in μ range of PSD enhancement for different RC ions. In the recovery phase,the observed decay rates for different RC ions meet the relationship: R(O^+) > R(He^+) > R(H^+), in accordance with previous theoretical calculations, i.e., the charge exchange lifetime of O^+ is shorter than those of H^+ and He^+.
文摘本文研究了2000年10月5日磁暴主相两个不同时段期间环电流的变化速度与相应太阳风参数的关系.研究发现,磁暴主相期间环电流的变化速度并不取决于行星际磁场南向分量的平均值和最大值,也不取决于太阳风电场的平均值和最大值.本文的研究证明,磁暴环电流增强期间环电流的变化速度,不仅取决于行星际磁场南向分量和太阳风的速度,还取决于太阳风的动压,而且太阳风的动压起着非常重要的作用.研究还发现,采用Burton et al.(1975)方程和O′Brien,McPherron (2000a)方程估算得到的2000年10月5日的两次地磁活动的强度远低于实际的观测值.
基金supported by the Special Funding of Marine Science StudyState Ocean Administration under contract No.20090513-2+2 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China under contract No.40976008Innovation Project from the Chinese Academy of Sciences under contract No.KZCX2-EW-209the Key program of Knowledge Innovation Project of Chinese Academyof Sciences under contract No.KZCX1-YW-12
文摘The effects of wave-induced radiation stress on storm surge were simulated during Typhoon Saomai using a wave-current coupled model based on ROMS （Regional Ocean Modeling System） ocean model and SWAN （Simulating Waves Nearshore） wave model. The results show that radiation stress can cause both set-up and set-down in the storm surge. Wave-induced set-up near the coast can be explained by decreasing significant wave heights as the waves propagate shoreward in an approximately uniform direction; wave-induced set-down far from the coast can be explained by the waves propagating in an approximately uniform direction with increasing significant wave heights. The shoreward radiation stress is the essential reason for the wave-induced set-up along the coast. The occurrence of set-down can be also explained by the divergence of the radiation stress. The maximum wave-induced set-up occurs on the right side of the Typhoon path, whereas the maximum wave induced set-down occurs on the left side.
基金financially supported by the Small Business Innovation Research(SBIR)program of the USDA National Institute for Food and Agriculture(NIFA)(Grant No.2013-33610-21190)to Pemaquid Mussel FarmsDuring her time at the University of New Hampshire where this study was completedsupported by a graduate student fellowship funded by the People’s Republic of China
文摘To investigate the dynamics of submersible mussel rafts, the finite element program Aqua-FETM, developed by the University of New Hampshire（UNH）, was applied to rafts moored at the surface and submerged. The submerged configuration is used to reduce wave forcing and to avoid contact with floating ice during winters in northern waters. Each raft consists of three pontoons connected by a grid framework. Rafts are intended to support densely spaced mussel ropes hung from the framework. When submerged, the pontoons are flooded, and the raft is held vertically by floats attached by lines. The computer models were developed in Aqua-FE？ to simulate the effects of waves and current. They were validated by comparison with wave tank results by use of a 1/10 scale raft physical model. Comparisons showed good agreement for the important heave（vertical） and pitch（rotational） motions, though there was a tendency towards conservative results for wave and current drag. Full-scale simulations of surface and submerged single raft and two rafts connected in tandem were performed. Submerged raft wave response was found to be reduced relative to that at the surface for both the single and two-raft configurations. In particular, the vertical motion of mussel rope connection points was significantly reduced by submergence, resulting in reduced potential for mussel drop-off. For example, the maximum vertical velocities of mussel rope attachment points in the submerged two raft case were 7%-20% of the corresponding velocities when at the surface.
