AIM: To evaluate the in vitro immunomodulation capacity of various non-pathogenic yeast strains and to investigate the ability of some of these food grade yeasts to prevent experimental colitis in mice.METHODS: In vit...AIM: To evaluate the in vitro immunomodulation capacity of various non-pathogenic yeast strains and to investigate the ability of some of these food grade yeasts to prevent experimental colitis in mice.METHODS: In vitro immunomodulation was assessed by measuring cytokines [interleukin (IL)-12p70,IL-10,tumor necrosis factor and interferon γ] released by human peripheral blood mononuclear cells after 24 h stimulation with 6 live yeast strains (Saccharomyces ssp.) and with bacterial reference strains.A murine model of acute 2-4-6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS)-colitis was next used to evaluate the distinct prophylactic protective capacities of three yeast strains compared with the performance of prednisolone treatment.RESULTS: The six yeast strains all showed similar non-discriminating anti-inflammatory potential when tested on immunocompetent cells in vitro .However,although they exhibited similar colonization patterns in vivo ,some yeast strains showed significant anti-inflammatory activities in the TNBS-induced colitis model,whereas others had weaker or no preventive effect at all,as evidenced by colitis markers (body-weight loss,macroscopic and histological scores,myeloperoxidase activities and blood inflammatory markers).CONCLUSION: A careful selection of strains is required among the biodiversity of yeasts for specific clinical studies,including applications in inflammatory bowel disease and other therapeutic uses.展开更多
An experimental study was carried out on the strain cyclic characteristics and ratcheting of 316L stainless steel subjected to uniaxial and multiaxial cyclic loading. The strain cyclic characteristics were researched ...An experimental study was carried out on the strain cyclic characteristics and ratcheting of 316L stainless steel subjected to uniaxial and multiaxial cyclic loading. The strain cyclic characteristics were researched under the strain-controlled uniaxial tension-compression and multiaxial circular paths of loading. The ratcheting tests were conducted for the stress-controlled uniaxial tensioncompression and multiaxial circular, rhombic and linear paths of loading with different mean stresses, stress amplitudes and histories. The experiment results show that 316L stainless steel features the cyclic hardening, and its strain cyclic characteristics depend on the strain amplitude and its history apparently. The ratcheting of 316L stainless steel depends greatly on the values of mean stress, stress amplitude and their histories. In the meantime, the shape of load path and its history also apparently influence the ratcheting.展开更多
Although coal swelling/shrinking during coal seam gas extraction has been studied for decades,its impacts on the evolution of permeability are still not well understood.This has long been recognized,but no satisfactor...Although coal swelling/shrinking during coal seam gas extraction has been studied for decades,its impacts on the evolution of permeability are still not well understood.This has long been recognized,but no satisfactory solutions have been found.In previous studies,it is normally assumed that the matrix swelling/shrinking strain can be split between the fracture and the bulk coal and that the splitting coefficient remains unchanged during gas sorption.In this study,we defined the fracture strain as a function of permeability change ratio and back-calculated the fracture strains at different states.In the equilibrium state,the gas pressure is steady within the coal;in the non-equilibrium state,the gas pressure changes with time.For equilibrium states,the back-calculated fracture strains are extremely large and may be physically impossible in some case.For non-equilibrium states,two experiments were conducted:one for a natural coal sample and the other for a reconstructed one.For the fractured coal,the evolution of permeability is primarily controlled by the transition of coal fracture strain or permeability from local matrix swelling effect to global effect.For the reconstituted coal,the evolution of pore strain or permeability is primarily controlled by the global effect.展开更多
INTRODUCTIONThe main component of a traditional Chinese drug 'Pishuang'. arsenic trioxide (As2O3), has obviously selective anti-tumor effect on human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)in both in vitro and in vivo ...INTRODUCTIONThe main component of a traditional Chinese drug 'Pishuang'. arsenic trioxide (As2O3), has obviously selective anti-tumor effect on human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)in both in vitro and in vivo studies[1-5]. Due to limited effectiveness when any anti-carcinogen is used alone and obviously increased toxicity when the dose is raised, there is no exception for As2O3. Furthermore, combined chemotherapy contributes to improve therapeutic effectiveness, disperse toxicity and surmount drug-resistance,in which the combination of traditional Chinese and modern medicine has more advantages and characteristics. As a result,we made an experimental study on anti-tumor effect of As2O3in combination with cisplantin (PDD) or doxorubicin (ADM)on HCC. to investigate the possibility of AS2O3 in combination with PDD or ADM and nature of interaction between them,and to provide experimental basis for clinical application.展开更多
Light beam deflections caused by stress or strain gradients are inves-tigated analytically and experimentally in homogeneous beam specimens which aresubjected to a particular case of flexure with shear. This study is ...Light beam deflections caused by stress or strain gradients are inves-tigated analytically and experimentally in homogeneous beam specimens which aresubjected to a particular case of flexure with shear. This study is a generalizationof the prior an alytical-experimental examination of strain-gradient light deflectionsproduced in stressed plates, which had concentrated on the simplest case where in-formation of interest is collected along a line of symmetry of the stress field. Mainpurpose of the present investigation is to document the efficacy of the strain-gradientmethod in analysis of the general case of stress state. The most interesting stressstate is that in a beam subjected to the Saint-Venant bending, where the transversaland the longitudinal axes of the beam are in pure shear. The obtained results arecompared with the predictions of the developed analytical models and with the pre-dictions of Filon’s stress function. The procedures of evaluating the photoelastic andmaterial coefficients using strain-gradient techniques were tested positively.展开更多
文摘AIM: To evaluate the in vitro immunomodulation capacity of various non-pathogenic yeast strains and to investigate the ability of some of these food grade yeasts to prevent experimental colitis in mice.METHODS: In vitro immunomodulation was assessed by measuring cytokines [interleukin (IL)-12p70,IL-10,tumor necrosis factor and interferon γ] released by human peripheral blood mononuclear cells after 24 h stimulation with 6 live yeast strains (Saccharomyces ssp.) and with bacterial reference strains.A murine model of acute 2-4-6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS)-colitis was next used to evaluate the distinct prophylactic protective capacities of three yeast strains compared with the performance of prednisolone treatment.RESULTS: The six yeast strains all showed similar non-discriminating anti-inflammatory potential when tested on immunocompetent cells in vitro .However,although they exhibited similar colonization patterns in vivo ,some yeast strains showed significant anti-inflammatory activities in the TNBS-induced colitis model,whereas others had weaker or no preventive effect at all,as evidenced by colitis markers (body-weight loss,macroscopic and histological scores,myeloperoxidase activities and blood inflammatory markers).CONCLUSION: A careful selection of strains is required among the biodiversity of yeasts for specific clinical studies,including applications in inflammatory bowel disease and other therapeutic uses.
文摘An experimental study was carried out on the strain cyclic characteristics and ratcheting of 316L stainless steel subjected to uniaxial and multiaxial cyclic loading. The strain cyclic characteristics were researched under the strain-controlled uniaxial tension-compression and multiaxial circular paths of loading. The ratcheting tests were conducted for the stress-controlled uniaxial tensioncompression and multiaxial circular, rhombic and linear paths of loading with different mean stresses, stress amplitudes and histories. The experiment results show that 316L stainless steel features the cyclic hardening, and its strain cyclic characteristics depend on the strain amplitude and its history apparently. The ratcheting of 316L stainless steel depends greatly on the values of mean stress, stress amplitude and their histories. In the meantime, the shape of load path and its history also apparently influence the ratcheting.
基金supported by the State Key Research Development Program of China(Grant No.2017YFC0804203)Key Research Program of Frontier Sciences,Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.QYZDB-SSW-DQC029)the Australian Research Council under Grant DP200101293.
文摘Although coal swelling/shrinking during coal seam gas extraction has been studied for decades,its impacts on the evolution of permeability are still not well understood.This has long been recognized,but no satisfactory solutions have been found.In previous studies,it is normally assumed that the matrix swelling/shrinking strain can be split between the fracture and the bulk coal and that the splitting coefficient remains unchanged during gas sorption.In this study,we defined the fracture strain as a function of permeability change ratio and back-calculated the fracture strains at different states.In the equilibrium state,the gas pressure is steady within the coal;in the non-equilibrium state,the gas pressure changes with time.For equilibrium states,the back-calculated fracture strains are extremely large and may be physically impossible in some case.For non-equilibrium states,two experiments were conducted:one for a natural coal sample and the other for a reconstructed one.For the fractured coal,the evolution of permeability is primarily controlled by the transition of coal fracture strain or permeability from local matrix swelling effect to global effect.For the reconstituted coal,the evolution of pore strain or permeability is primarily controlled by the global effect.
基金Supported by the Youth Science Grant of Jiangshu Province,No.BQ98048.
文摘INTRODUCTIONThe main component of a traditional Chinese drug 'Pishuang'. arsenic trioxide (As2O3), has obviously selective anti-tumor effect on human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)in both in vitro and in vivo studies[1-5]. Due to limited effectiveness when any anti-carcinogen is used alone and obviously increased toxicity when the dose is raised, there is no exception for As2O3. Furthermore, combined chemotherapy contributes to improve therapeutic effectiveness, disperse toxicity and surmount drug-resistance,in which the combination of traditional Chinese and modern medicine has more advantages and characteristics. As a result,we made an experimental study on anti-tumor effect of As2O3in combination with cisplantin (PDD) or doxorubicin (ADM)on HCC. to investigate the possibility of AS2O3 in combination with PDD or ADM and nature of interaction between them,and to provide experimental basis for clinical application.
基金the Natural SciencesEngineering Research Council of Canadathe NATO Scientific Affairs Division
文摘Light beam deflections caused by stress or strain gradients are inves-tigated analytically and experimentally in homogeneous beam specimens which aresubjected to a particular case of flexure with shear. This study is a generalizationof the prior an alytical-experimental examination of strain-gradient light deflectionsproduced in stressed plates, which had concentrated on the simplest case where in-formation of interest is collected along a line of symmetry of the stress field. Mainpurpose of the present investigation is to document the efficacy of the strain-gradientmethod in analysis of the general case of stress state. The most interesting stressstate is that in a beam subjected to the Saint-Venant bending, where the transversaland the longitudinal axes of the beam are in pure shear. The obtained results arecompared with the predictions of the developed analytical models and with the pre-dictions of Filon’s stress function. The procedures of evaluating the photoelastic andmaterial coefficients using strain-gradient techniques were tested positively.
