Screening and degradation characteristics of a tylosin-degrading strain

Antibiotics residues have been accumulating in the environment day by day due to overuse of antibiotics.Recalcitrant antibiotic residues,such as tylosin(TYL),can cause serious environmental problems,which makes it important to eliminate TYL from the environment.It is important to eliminate TYL from the environment.In this study,a strain was isolated and purified from fermentation by-product that came from a TYL production factory.The TYL degrading strain was identified by its morphology,physiological and biochemical reactions and sequencing the PCR-amplified fragments of its 16 S r DNAcoding genes.The temperature,shaking speed,initial TYL concentration,p H and inoculum sizes were investigated under simulated conditions by using single factor tests.The results showed that TYL2,a high efficient strain was isolated and was identified as Brevibacillus borstelensis.The degradation rate of TYL by this strain could reach to 75%with an initial concentration of 25 mg L^-1 within 7 days under conditions of 7%B.borstelensis(v/v,2×108 CFU m L^-1)at p H 7.0 and at 35°C.It is interesting that this strain has a very strong ability to degrade the TYL in natural sewage with the degradation rate of 65%within 7 days.This result could be helpful for the degradation of TYL and provide guidance for the degradation of other antibiotics.

Screening influence on the Stark effect of impurity states in strained wurtzite GaN/Al_xGa_(1-x)N heterojunctions under pressure

The screening effect of the random-phase-approximation on the states of shallow donor impurities in free strained wurtzite GaN/AlxGa1-xN heterojunctions under hydrostatic pressure and an external electric field is investigated by using a variational method and a simplified coherent potential approximation. The variations of Stark energy shift with electric field, impurity position, A1 component and areal electron density are discussed. Our results show that the screening dramatically reduces both the blue and red shifts as well as the binding energies of impurity states. For a given impurity position, the change in binding energy is more sensitive to the increase in hydrostatic pressure in the presence of the screening effect than that in the absence of the screening effect. The weakening of the blue and red shifts, induced by the screening effect, strengthens gradually with the increase of electric field. Furthermore, the screening effect weakens the mixture crystal effect, thereby influencing the Stark effect. The screening effect strengthens the influence of energy band bending on binding energy due to the areal electron density.

Electric-magnetic-force characteristics of rare earth barium copper oxide superconductor high-field coils based on screening effect and strain sensitivity

Rare earth barium copper oxide(REBCO)is the most researched and commercialized second-generation high-temperature superconducting material.Due to the anisotropic structure,strong deformation sensitivity,and central field errors caused by screening current effects,it is still a challenge for commercialization applications.In this study,the transversely isotropic constitutive relationship is selected as the mechanical model based on the structural characteristics of REBCO tapes,and suitable microelements are selected to equate the elastic constants using their average stress-strain relationships.Then,a two-dimensional axisymmetric model for coils wound by single-layer tapes is constructed to analyze the dependence of the electric-magnetic-force distribution in the tape on the strain.Finally,the anisotropic approximation of the homogenized bulk method is used to equate large-turn high-field coils,and the electric-magnetic-force distribution characteristics of the coils with/without screening effects and mechanical strain conditions are investigated,respectively.The results reveal that the mechanical strain has a weakening effect on the electromagnetic field distribution of superconducting tapes,but causes a significant enhancement in the force field distribution.In the presence of 0.5% mechanical strain,the maximum weakening of the peak value of the current density and the critical current density inside the high-field coil can reach about 8% and 13%,respectively,with a nearly 5 times increase in the peak stress.The screening current makes the current field distribution inside the coil improve by about 10 times.The screening current induced magnetic field can reach up to 0.8 T,making the relative error of the high-field coil center up to 7.8%.

Primary Screening of 10-Hydroxy-2-Decenoic Acid Productive Strains

In this paper, eleven strains, which were screened strictly from raw royal jelly, soil andhoneycomb etc. by meansof dilution plate and spread plate methods, were cultured at 28℃ for 60 h with shaking. To determine whether they could yield10-Hydroxy-2-decenoic acid during fermentation, gas chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry methodswere used. The results showed that the strains BH002 and BH004, were both identified as Crytococcaceae, where BH002was primarily classified into Candida for possessing the abilities. The 10-HDA productivity of Candida BH002 and that ofBH004 were 0.327% and 0.2648% respectively.

Screening of the effective cellulose-degradable strain and its application in the production of cellulose bioethanol

Strains from the cellulose-containing environment were collected. Primary screening(by filter-paper Hutchison solid culture medium and sodium carboxymethylcellulose solid culture medium) and reelection(by filter-paper inorganic salt culture medium and sodium carboxymethylcellulose Congo red culture medium) indicated that five strains obtained were best suited for high performance cellulose degradation. Determination of sodium carboxymethylcellulose activity(CMCA) and filter paper activity(FPA) was accomplished for each of the five. The strongest of the five in CMCA and FPA was applied to the production of cellulose bioethanol by separate hydrolysis and fermentation(SHF) and simultaneous saccharification and fermentation(SSF) respectively.

Screening of Strains Producing Alkaline Protease from Soil and Study on the Conditions for Enzyme Production

[Objective] The aim was to screen strains producing alkaline protease from soil and study the conditions for enzyme production.[Method] Eight strains producing alkaline protease were isolated from soil through plate isolation,and the ability of enzyme production was measured by filter paper and Folin-phenol method.The strain with the strongest ability of enzyme production was screened as a candidate strain,then the factors influencing the ability of enzyme production was studied,finally the conditions for enzyme production was optimized through orthogonal test.[Result] No.5 strain was screened as a candidate strain due to its strong ability of enzyme production(6.00 U/ml),which accounted for 134.1% of that of Bacillus licheniformis,and it was gram-positive bacterium belonging to Clostridium.Orthogonal test showed that the optimal condition for producing protease was an environment with pH=11,0.3% of sucrose and 0.8% of peptone in the fermentation medium,and inoculation amount was 105 cfu/ml.In addition,peptone had significant impact on the level of enzyme production.[Conclusion] The study could provide theoretical references for the screening of strains producing alkaline protease.

Stretchable Strain Sensors Fabricated by Screen Printing of Silver Paste on the Surface Modified Transparent Elastomeric Polyurethane Films

Strain sensors for human-motion detection must offer high stretchability, high sensitivity, fast response, and high recovery speed. In this study, we choose silver paste as a sensing material and use a screen printing method to fabricate the strain sensor based upon an electrical-resistance mechanism. After curing elastomeric polyurethane film with a thickness of 150 μm on PET film, the polyester resin mixed with blocked isocyanate curing agent was coated as a masking layer to reduce the film’s stickiness. The effect of the polyester masking layer upon the silver paste screen printing process was examined using a rolling-ball-tack test, TGA analysis of polyester resins, and cured silver-electrode films. The cost-effective strain sensor fabricated by using silver paste and screen printing processes on the stretchable-polyurethane-substrate film showed high sensitivity and fast response in a strain range of up to 100%.

Screening and Identification of Strains Converting Trans-anethole to Anisic Acid

[Objectives] This study was conducted to isolate and screen the bacteria that can convert trans-anethole to anisic acid from star anise and its environmental samples, and identify the bacteria. [Methods] According to the traditional microbial culture method, with trans-anethole as the sole carbon source, through enrichment culture and separation and purification, preliminary screening by thin layer chromatography and re-screening by high-performance liquid chromatography, strains that degraded trans-anethole to produce anisic acid were obtained, and 16 S rDNA sequencing and phylogenetic tree construction were performed for genetic analysis. [Results] Eleven strains that degraded trans-anethole to produce anisic acid were obtained, among which strain NT2 that produced anisic acid with a relatively high efficiency was initially identified as Pseudomonas sp. The strain’s trans-anethole degradation rate was 45.41%, and the molar production rate and cumulative concentration of anisic acid were 21.80% and 1.96 g/L, respectively. [Conclusions] Strain NT2 has a strong ability to degrade trans-anethole to produce anisic acid, and can enrich strain resources for degradation of trans-anethole to anisic acid through microbial conversion.

Screening and Preservation of Douchi Fibrinolytic Enzyme Producing Strain

[Objective] To isolate and preserve a high-activity Douchi fibrinolytic enzyme producing strain from Douchi products.[Method] The Douchi fibrinolytic enzyme producing strain was screened on the selected medium prepared with self-made pork blood powder,the strain with the highest activity was screened out according to the size of hydrolysis cycle,and then preserved in LB medium.[Result] A Douchi fibrinolytic enzyme producing strain with high thrombolytic activity was successfully screened out from the Douchi produced in Hunan,Guangdong and Jiangxi Provinces.[Conclusion] The study lays foundation for the development of new-type thrombolytic drugs.

Colorectal cancer screening behavior and willingness:An outpatient survey in China

AIM:To identity the factors influencing colorectal cancer(CRC) screening behavior and willingness among Chinese outpatients.METHODS:An outpatient-based face-to-face survey was conducted from August 18 to September 7,2010 in Changhai Hospital.A total of 1200 consecutive patients aged ≥ 18 years were recruited for interview.The patient's knowledge about CRC and screening was pre-measured as a predictor variable,and other predictors included age,gender,educational level,monthly household income and health insurance status.The relationship between these predictors and screening behavior,screening willingness and screening approach were examined using Pearson's χ2 test and logistic regression analyses.RESULTS:Of these outpatients,22.5% had undergone CRC screening prior to this study.Patients who had participated in the screening were more likely to have good knowledge about CRC and screening(OR:5.299,95% CI:3.415-8.223),have health insurance(OR:1.996,95% CI:1.426-2.794) and older in age.Higher income,however,was found to be a barrier to the screening(OR:0.633,95% CI:0.467-0.858).An analysis of screening willingness showed that 37.5% of the patients would voluntarily participated in a screen at the recommended age,but 41.3% would do so under doctor's advice.Screening willingness was positively correlated with the patient's knowledge status.Patients with higher knowledge levels would like to participate in the screening(OR:4.352,95% CI:3.008-6.298),and they would select colonoscopy as a screening approach(OR:3.513,95% CI:2.290-5.389).However,higher income level was,again,a barrier to colonoscopic screening(OR:0.667,95% CI:0.505-0.908).CONCLUSION:Patient's level of knowledge and income should be taken into consideration when conducting a feasible CRC screening.

Population-based study of DNA image cytometry as screening method for esophageal cancer

AIM:To explore the DNA image cytometry (DNA-ICM) technique as a primary screening method for esopha-geal squamous precancerous lesions.METHODS:This study was designed as a population-based screening study.A total of 582 local residents aged 40 years-69 years were recruited from Linzhou in Henan and Feicheng in Shandong.However,only 452 subjects had results of liquid-based cytology,DNA-ICM and pathology.The sensitivity and specificity of DNA-ICM were calculated and compared with liquid-based cytology in moderate dysplasia or worse.RESULTS:Sensitivities of DNA-ICM ranging from at least 1 to 4 aneuploid cells were 90.91%,86.36%,79.55% and 77.27%,respectively,which were better than that of liquid-based cytology (75%).Specifici-ties of DNA-ICM were 70.83%,84.07%,92.65% and 96.81%,but the specificity of liquid-based cytology was 91.91%.The sensitivity and specificity of a combination of liquid-based cytology and DNA-ICM were 84.09% and 85.78%,respectively.CONCLUSION:It is possible to use DNA-ICM tech-nique as a primary screening method for esophageal squamous precancerous lesions.

Screening and Identification of A Probiotic from the Intestinal Tract of Mystus macropterus

A total of 25 strains were isolated from the intestinal tract of Mystus macropterus. The inhibitory effects of extracellular enzyme activity to common aquat- ic pathogenic bacteria were screened. A probiotic DQHY -7 strain was isolated, and its safety was detected. DQHY -7 strain was preliminarily identified by mor- phological observation, and physiological and biochemical test. Research results showed that DQHY -7 strain had relatively strong production capacities of amylase, cellulase and protease, and could restrict the growth of Escherichia coli, Aeromonas hydrophila and Pseudomonas fluorescens. Results of acute toxicity test showed that 1. 0 × 108 CFU/mL DQHY -7 bacterial suspension showed no pathogenicity to M. macropterus. According to the colony growth pattern and physiological-bio- chemical characteristics of DQHY -7, the strain was identified to be Bacillus subtilis. Research results showed that DQHY -7 strain could be used as a new candi- date strain for feeding microecologicalagent.

Study on Isolation and Degradation Characteristics of an Aniline-degrading Strain

[Objective] The research aimed to screen out an efficient aniline-degrading strain and study its degradation characteristics. [Method] By domesticated enrichment culture, an efficient aniline-degrading strain named as DA-K was isolated from activated sludge sample collected from a chemical plant in Henan. DA-K could use aniline as the sole carbon and nitrogen sources. The strain was carried out physiological and biochemi- cal identification, and its biological degradation characteristics were studied. [ Result] DA-K strain was G - and red-shaped, and its colony color was off-white. It was initially determined as Acinetobacter sp. By measuring, the optimum growth temperature and pH for DA-K were respectively 30 ~C and 6.0. DA-K strain could grow well in inorganic salt medium with aniline of 2 500 mg/L. After shaking for 96 h under the conditions of pH 6.0, 30 ℃, 180 r/min and 1 000 mg/L of aniline, the degradation rate of the aniline by DA-K could reach nearly 80%. [ Conclusion] The DA-K strain had a higher aniline degradation efficiency and actual treatment capability of the aniline wastewater, which laid foundation for establishing gene engineerincl strain.

Reducing Yield of Fusel Alcohols by Saccharomyces cerevisiae of Compound Mutagenesis Through UV-MPMS Method

Excessive fusel alcohol contents will cause the beer to produce off-flavors and cause dizziness and headaches.Reducing the contents of fusel alcohols in beer is very important to people's health.The excessive fusel alcohol contents in beer is a common problem in the industry.How to control the contents of fusel alcohols in a reasonable range is of great significance for improving beer quality.After one round of ultraviolet(UV)and one round of multifunctional plasma mutagenesis system(MPMS)mutagenesis,the yeast strains with lower fusel oil yield and more stablility could be screened.According to the relationship between the fusel alcohol Harris metabolic pathway of brewer's yeast and lactic acid metabolism,excellent strains were obtained by triple screening with lactic acid medium,calcium carbonate medium and 2,3,5-triphenyl tetrazolium chloride upper medium.The content of fusel alcohol in the finished beer fermentation test of screened strain Z43 was 52.1±0.142 mg•L^(-1),which was 43%lower than that of the starting strain,and other fermentation properties remained unchanged.After eight passages,it was verified that the strain was stable and heritable.These results showed that strain Z43 presented promising characteristics for use in the production of beer with a potentially low contents of fusel alcohols.

Smoking and genital human papilloma virus infection in women attending cervical cancer screening in Greece

AIM: To investigate whether smoking is associated with human papilloma virus(HPV) infection. METHODS: HPV infection is considered to be a neces-sary condition for cervical cancer development. The study population included 1291 women, aged 25-55 years, attending cervical cancer screening. All women had a Papanicolaou(Pap) test, with liquid-based cytology(Thinprep), an HPV-DNA test and an evaluation of smoking habits. The COBAS 4800 system was used for HPV-DNA testing, enabling identifi cation of the following high-risk HPV(hr HPV)-types: each of HPVs 16 and 18 separately, and HPVs 31, 33, 35, 39, 45, 51, 52, 56, 58, 59, 66 and 68 as a cocktail. The evaluation of smoking habits was assessed using the smoking intensity index(SII), a variable formed as the product of cigarettes consumed per day by the days(years × 365) that a woman was a smoker, divided by 1000. RESULTS: There were 136 smokers among 238 women tested positive for hr HPV-types(HPVs 16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 39, 45, 51, 52, 56, 58, 59, 66 and/or 68), and 463 smokers among 1053 hr HPV-negative women(OR = 1.7, P < 0.001). This association was attributed to the youngest age group of women, aged 25-34 years(OR = 2.3, P < 0.001), while there was no association in other age groups. The intensity of smoking(increasing SII) showed no statistically signifi cant association with hr HPV infection. Cervical infection with HPV 16 and/or HPV 18 was also not associated with age or smoking habits. Finally, no association was found between Pap test status and smoking habits or smoking intensity. CONCLUSION: Smoking appears to be associated with hr HPV infection of the uterine cervix, particularly in younger women. Further studies should investigate whether this association is based on causality and evaluate the role of other possible co-factors.

马铃薯新品系筛选试验研究

为了解2023年筛选的马铃薯新品系种植的表现特性,同时为下一步培育高产、抗病马铃薯新品种提供科学依据,本试验安排在西藏自治区蔬菜所园区试验地对8个马铃薯新品系进行田间比较试验。结果表明:参试的新品系当中,xz09植株长势好,薯皮光滑且薯块大、产量高、品质优且抗病;Xz1105-7和Xz08-5产量稍低。分析其原因,可能是由于2023年5月的非正常气候,出现晚霜,导致部分品系出苗后发生冻害,影响其产量。试验结果有待继续验证完善。

蒙古黄芪内生细菌产IAA菌株筛选与培养条件优化

【目的】探寻蒙古黄芪内生菌的促生功能,挖掘优异微生物资源。【方法】采用前期从蒙古黄芪品系甘芪1号根中分离纯化的20株内生细菌菌株(B1~B20,GenBank序列收录号OM938262~OM938281)为研究对象,以纯培养液为对照(CK),利用Salkowski显色法对产吲哚乙酸(IAA)功能菌株鉴定,然后对优异菌株的培养条件进一步进行优化研究。【结果】甘芪1号根可培养内生细菌菌株,有12株菌株较CK有明显Salkowski显色反应,测量各菌株产IAA浓度依次为B16>B18>B10>B20>B8>B13>B11>B3>B4>B6>B1>B17,产IAA浓度范围为2.74~26.48 mg/L,平均10.10 mg/L,其中B16高稳产IAA(GenBank OM938262),平均产IAA浓度高达26.48 mg/L,极显著高于其他菌株产IAA的水平。培养条件优化显示,B16菌株培养最适温度为15~25℃,在浓度为0.1%~7%的NaCl培养基均能正常生长,最适NaCl浓度为1%,最适pH为7.0,最适碳、氮源分别为酵母提取物和蛋白胨。培养条件优化后B16增殖及IAA产能较优化前分别极显著提高28.6%和53.5%。【结论】蒙古黄芪根内生细菌中产IAA菌株比例较高,是优异豆科药用植物微生物资源宝库,且筛选到一株高稳产IAA菌株B16,经过培养条件优化可达到40.658 mg/L,是有较大的生态调控利用潜力的菌株。

固态发酵制备黄精多糖的工艺优化、理化特性及抗氧化活性

选取7种乳杆菌进行固态发酵,以黄精多糖得率为评价指标确定最佳发酵菌种。借助单因素试验和响应面曲面分析法对固态发酵黄精工艺进行优化,并分析固态发酵黄精多糖(solid state fermentation Polygonatum sibiricum polysaccharide,SF-PSP)与相同条件下未经发酵黄精多糖(P.sibiricum polysaccharide,PSP)的单糖组成、形态特征、热失重特性以及体外抗氧化活性。结果表明:副干酪乳杆菌ATCC 334为最优发酵菌种,SF-PSP的最佳制备工艺条件为:液料比0.98∶1(mL∶g)、接菌量4.80%、发酵时间51.30 h,此条件下SF-PSP得率为(11.14±0.89)%。SF-PSP主要由甘露糖、半乳糖醛酸、半乳糖和葡萄糖组成,与PSP相比,鼠李糖、半乳糖醛酸、半乳糖含量均提高了4倍。扫描电镜结果表明,与PSP相比,SF-PSP结构更加疏松且有更多致密的小孔。热重分析结果表明2种多糖失重温度节点不同,且SF-PSP保水能力优于PSP。体外抗氧化活性结果表明SF-PSP的DPPH自由基清除率、ABTS阳离子自由基清除率、亚铁离子螯合能力及总抗氧化性均显著高于PSP(P<0.05)。综上,采用SF-PSP可以显著提高黄精多糖的得率和抗氧化活性。

高产苯乳酸菌株选育及发酵豆粕工艺优化

该研究以泡菜为原料,以金黄色葡萄球菌(Staphylococcus aureus)与大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli)为指示菌,通过溶钙圈法及牛津杯法初筛,苯乳酸产量检测复筛,从泡菜中分离筛选具有抑菌性能的高产苯乳酸菌株,将其应用于发酵豆粕以评估其产苯乳酸性能,并对其进行形态学观察、生理生化实验及分子生物学鉴定。结果表明,共获得8株具有抑菌效果的菌株,其中,菌株R69苯乳酸产量最高,为1.25 mg/mL,添加苯丙酮酸时,该菌株固态发酵豆粕的苯乳酸产量为425.70 mg/kg,该菌株被鉴定为植物乳杆菌(Lactobacillus plantarum)。菌株R69固态发酵豆粕时,添加0.2%蛋白酶、3%糖蜜和0.15%苯丙酮酸可提高苯乳酸含量,苯乳酸含量达到624.49 mg/kg,且可有效抑制大肠杆菌和霉菌的生长。

贝莱斯芽孢杆菌HYN-9的分离、鉴定及其对花生白绢病的生防作用

本研究旨在分离和鉴定对花生白绢病菌(Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc.)具有高效拮抗作用的细菌菌株。采用稀释涂布平板法从废弃的黄芩药渣中分离到18株细菌,其中菌株HYN-9对S.rolfsii的抑菌活性最强,抑菌带宽度为10.92 mm。基于形态特征、生理生化特征和16S rDNA序列,将菌株HYN-9鉴定为贝莱斯芽孢杆菌(Bacillus velezensis)。菌株HYN-9的无菌发酵滤液对S.rolfsii菌丝生长的抑制率为70.01%,并对菌核的形成和萌发也均有较强的抑制作用。此外还发现HYN-9产生的挥发性气体能明显抑制S.rolfsii的生长,抑菌率达88.79%。盆栽试验表明拮抗细菌HYN-9能够明显降低花生白绢病的发病率和感病指数,对花生白绢病的防效为73.23%,显著高于接种多菌灵药剂47.62%的防效(P<0.05)。拮抗细菌HYN-9也能提高花生防御酶活性,接种HYN-9后花生叶片的苯丙氨酸酶(PAL)、多酚氧化酶(PPO)和过氧化物酶(POD)活性显著增加,进而增强花生对病害的系统抗性。以上结果表明贝莱斯芽孢杆菌HYN-9对S.rolfsii具有较强的拮抗作用,是一株具有开发应用潜力的花生白绢病生防菌株。