Effects of Near-Surface Absorption on Reflection Characteristics of Continental Interbedded Strata:the Dagang Oilfield as an Example

Due to the effects of seismic wave field interference, the reflection events generated from interbedded and superposed sand and shale strata no longer have an explicit corresponding relationship with the geological interface. The absorption of the near-surface layer decreases the resolution of the seismic wavelet, intensifies the interference of seismic reflections from different sand bodies, and makes seismic data interpretation of thin interbedded strata more complex and difficult. In order to concretely investigate and analyze the effects of the near-surface absorption on seismic reflection characteristics of interbedded strata, and to make clear the ability of current technologies to compensate the near-surface absorption, a geological model of continental interbedded strata with near-surface absorption was designed, and the prestack seismic wave field was numerically simulated with wave equations. Then, the simulated wave field was processed by the prestack time migration, the effects of near-surface absorption on prestack and poststack reflection characteristics were analyzed, and the near-surface absorption was compensated for by inverse Q-filtering. The model test shows that： （1） the reliability of prediction and delineation of a continental reservoir with AVO inversion is degraded due to the lateral variation of the near-surface structure; （2） the corresponding relationships between seismic reflection events and geological interfaces are further weakened as a result of near-surface absorption; and （3） the current technology of absorption compensation probably results in false geological structure and anomaly. Based on the model experiment, the real seismic data of the Dagang Oil Field were analyzed and processed. The seismic reflection characteristics of continental interbedded strata were improved, and the reliability of geological interpretation from seismic data was enhanced.

Calculation of Visible Absorption Maxima of Phthalocyanine Compounds by Quantum Theory

Based on HYPERCHEM, the structures of five phthalocyanie compounds were optimized with PM3 and their visible absorption maxima were calculated with ZINDO/S method by selecting appropriate p-p overlap weighting factor (OWFp-p), the agreement with experiment was excellent. The relationship between OWF- and molecular structure parameters was obtained by the method of stepwise regression and was explained in terms of quantum theory. OWF-=0.58126+0.04562ANC1+0.03839X. Where, ANC1 and X are the symbols of average net charges on coordinated bonded nitrogens and electronegativity of central atom, respectively.

Compressive and energy absorption properties of closed-cell magnesium foams

The quasi-static compressive mechanical behavior and deformation mechanism of closed-cell magnesium foams were studied, and the ef- fects of the density of magnesium foams on the compressive and energy absorption properties were also discussed. The results show that the compressive process of closed-cell magnesium foams is characterized by three deformation stages： linear elastic stage, collapsing stage and densification stage. At the linear elastic stage, the peak compressive strength （t70） and Young＇s modulus （E0） increase as the density increases Magnesium foams can absorb energy at the collapsing stage. In a certain strain range, the energy absorption capacity also increases as the density of magnesium foams increases.

Laser-induced fabrication of highly branched CuS nanocrystals with excellent near-infrared absorption properties

We report on the successful fabrication of highly branched Cu S nanocrystals by laser-induced photochemical reaction.Surprisingly, the single-crystalline nature with preferential alignment of the（107） orientation can be well improved during the moderate growth process. The branch length drastically increases from about 5 nm to 6 μm with an increase of photochemical reaction time（0-40 min）. The absorption spectra of as-prepared Cu S nanodendrites show that localized surface plasmon resonance（LSPR） peaks can be modulated from about 1037 nm to 1700 nm with an increase of branch length. Our results have a promising potential for photodynamic therapy and biological imaging application.

Mathematical Model of Natural Gas Desulfurization Based on Membrane Absorption

Models of mass transfer kinetics combined with mass transfer differential equation and mass transfer resistance equation were established on the basis of double-film theory. Mass transfer process of H2 S absorption by means of polypropylene hydrophobic microporous hollow fiber membrane contactor was simulated using MDEA(N-methyldiethanolamine) as the absorption liquid and corresponding experiments of natural gas desulfurization were performed. The simulation results indicated that the removal rate of hydrogen sulfide showed positive dependence on the absorption liquid concentration and gas pressure. However, the desulfurization rate showed negative dependence on gas flow. The simulated values were in good agreement with the experimental results. The in-tube concentration of hydrogen sulfide at the same point increased with increase in the gas velocity. Axial concentration of hydrogen sulfide decreased rapidly at the beginning, and the decrease saw a slowdown during the latter half period. Hydrogen sulfide concentration dropped quickly in the radial direction, and the reduction in the radial direction was weakened with the increase of axial length due to the gradual reduction of hydrogen sulfide concentration along the tube. The desulfurization rate under given operating conditions can be predicted by this model, and the theoretical basis for membrane module design can also be provided.

基于激光吸收光谱的CO/CO_(2)/H_(2)S浓度同步在线测量研究

CO、CO_(2)、H_(2)S是燃煤锅炉炉内气氛重要组成部分,其浓度不仅能够反映燃烧工况,还可作为水冷壁高温腐蚀程度判断依据,因此实现CO、CO_(2)、H_(2)S浓度的准确测量意义重大。首先采用波长调制-直接吸收(WM-DAS)方法结合约40 m长光程Herriott池,在室温低压下,开展不同CO/CO_(2)浓度配比下三种气体吸收率同步测量实验,结果表明三种气体的吸收率测量值与理论计算值相近,相对误差在6.82%以内,测量结果可靠性较高;然后对不同浓度CO/CO_(2)(0~2000μL·L^(-1))、H_(2)S(0~20μL·L^(-1))进行动态测量,结果表明,测量系统对三种组分浓度变化的响应具有较好的线性度。

Inhibitory effect and mechanism of acarbose combined with gymnemic acid on maltose absorption in rat intestine

AIM: To compare the combinative and individual effect of acarbose and gymnemic acid (GA) on maltose absorption and hydrolysis in small intestine to determine whether nutrient control in diabetic care can be improved by combination of them. METHODS: The absorption and hydrolysis of maltose were studied by cyclic perfusion of intestinal loops in situ and motility of the intestine was recorded with the intestinal ring in vitro using Wistar rats. RESULTS: The total inhibitory rate of maltose absorption was improved by the combination of GA (0.1g/L-1.0 g/L) and acarbose (0.1 mmol/L-2.0 mmol/L) throughout their effective duration (P 【0.05, U test of Mann-Whitney), although the improvement only could be seen at a low dosage during the first hour. With the combination, inhibitory duration of acarbose on maltose absorption was prolonged to 3h and the inhibitory effect onset of GA was fastened to 15 min. GA suppressed the intestinal mobility with a good correlation (r = 0.98) to the inhibitory effect of GA on maltose absorption and the inhibitory effect of 2 mmol/L (high dose) acarbose on maltose hydrolysis was dual modulated by 1g/L GA in vivo indicating that the combined effects involved the functional alteration of intestinal barriers. CONCLUSION: There are augmented effects of acarbose and GA,which involve pre-cellular and paracellular barriers. Diabetic care can be improved by employing the combination.

Electronic Structure and Optical-absorption Properties of C-, N-, and S-doped BiOCl: the First-principles Calculations

Impurity formation energy, electronic structure, and photocatalytic properties of C-, N-, or S-doped BiOCl are investigated by density-functional theory plus U calculations(DFT + U). Results show that the doping effect of S is better than that of C or N on the tunable photocatalytic activities of BiOCl. At low concentration, S-doped BiOCl systems are the most stable under Bi-rich growth conditions because of their lower impurity-formation energy. Compared with the electronic structures of S-doped BiOCl, C-or N-doped BiOCl have relatively deeper impurity energy levels appearing in their band gap(except Bi_(36)O_(35)NCl_(36)), which may act as photogenerated carrier-recombination centers and reduce photocatalytic activity. At high concentration, S is substituted on the O lattice site system, whereas some S 3p states mix with the valence band; this mixture leads to an obvious band-gap decrease and continuum-state formation above the valence-band edge of BiOCl. Such activity is advantageous to photochemical catalysis response. Compared with pure Bi OCl and a low-concentration S-doped system, a high-concentration S-doped system shows an obvious redshift on the absorption edge and has better photocatalytic O_2 evolution performance.

Influence analysis of gaseous absorption on “HY—1A” CZI data processing Simulation and correction for Rayleigh scattering

Besides ozone, oxygen and water vapour should be considered for their absorptive effects on ＂HY--1A＂ CZI data processing. First ,gaseous transmittances under various conditions are computed and analyzed for the band settings of this sensor. Second, transmittances under six standard atmospheres are approximated as functions of zenith angle, the water vapour transmittance is approximated as a function of water vapour content and zenith angle, and the ozone transmittance is approximated as a function of ozone content and zenith angle. Finally, taking Rayleigh scattering as an example, the influence of ignoring gaseous absorption when calculating TOA reflectance is analyzed, and the effect of applying the presented transmittance approximations to gaseous absorption correction for Rayleigh scattering in ＂HY--1A＂ CZI data processing is evaluated.

Infrared Absorption Spectra of Serpentine Cat's Eye from Sichuan Province of China

Infrared （IR） absorption spectra and X-ray powder diffraction （XRD） patterrns of sexpenfine cat＇s eye from Sichuan Province have been investigated, and infrared absorption bands of the serpentine have been assigned in this paper. The results indicate that the bands near 3 600 - 3 700 cm^-1 belong to the stretching absorption band VOH, the bands in 948 - 1 100 cm^-1 axe assigned to the stretching vibraling band Usvo, and the bands at 600 570 and 440 cm^-1 respectively belong to the bending vibration band VOH, δMg-O and δSi-O. The serpentine cat＇ s eye includes two types： chrysotile and antigorite. Chrysotile has a sharp and intensive band at 3 688 cm^-1 and a weak band at 3 643 cm^-1 , while antigorite has only one intensive band in the region. At vibration band VSi-O, chrysotile and antigorite have a similar feature at 1 071 cm^-1, but the band at 980 cm^-1 in anfigorite has been split into two bands in chrysotile - a strong one at 1 027 cm^-1 and a weak one at 949 cm^-1. In addition, antigorite has a characteristic bending vibrating band δMg-O at 570 cm^-1. Based on the analysis of the feature of crystal structure, their IR differences axe well explained.

Study of Lead Absorption and Its Effect on Children's Development

Blood lead levels of 180 pupils from two elementary schools were determined and the intellec- tual development of the children was followed.The children in these two groups were similar in most nonlead variables.Results showed that pupils at the school near a battery plant had higher blood lead levels than those at a school in a residential neighborhood.An evident dose- effect relationship between blood lead level and children's performance on psychological testing existed:the higher the blood level,the lower the intelligence quotient.This relationship re- mained after confounding factors were controlled by stepwise regression analysis.Partial regres- sion coefficients for PbB and verbal IQ,performance IQ,and full-scale IQ were -0.85,-0.71, and -0.91,respectively.1989 Academic Press,Inc.

S型控释氮肥运筹对水稻产量形成及氮素利用特征的影响

缓控释肥具有施用次数少、肥料利用率高的特点,S型热固性树脂包膜控释氮肥(S型控释氮肥)受土壤pH影响小、肥料稳定性好。本研究以S型控释氮肥为试材,分别设置了6个水稻品种的响应比较、4种氮肥施用量、5种氮肥施用时期及7种氮肥配施比例的4个盆栽试验,研究其对水稻产量形成、氮素吸收利用等的影响。结果表明:1)品种比较试验中,S型控释氮肥提高了6个水稻品种的产量,增幅在2.95%~18.57%,平均增加12.60%;产量提高的原因是穗数或每穗颖花数的增加;S型缓控释氮肥可显著提高供试水稻成熟期的氮素积累量、氮肥利用率,但氮素籽粒生产效率有所下降。2)控释肥运筹试验中,随着S型控释氮肥施用量和施用比例的增加,武运粳24号的产量呈先增加后下降的趋势,分别以每盆3g纯氮处理和控释氮肥占比80%处理产量增幅最大,作基肥时增产效应更显著;成熟期氮素积累量呈增加和先增加后下降的趋势,分别以每盆4.5 g纯氮处理和控释氮肥占比80%处理增幅最大,作基肥时增幅效应更显著;氮素籽粒生产效率和氮肥利用率呈降低趋势,氮素籽粒生产效率分别以控释氮肥占比0%和控释肥作保花肥最大,氮肥利用率分别以控释氮肥占比80%和控释肥作基肥时最大。3)控释肥对根系性状影响试验中,S型控释氮肥处理提高了武运粳24号水稻栽后30天单株不定根总长、根干重与吸收面积,提高了抽穗期单株不定根总长、根干重和根活力;单株不定根数、不定根总长、根干重、根活力的增加是产量、氮素积累量和氮肥利用率协同提高的根系基础。总之,S型控释氮肥可显著提高水稻的产量和氮肥利用率,作为基肥时最优。每盆3 g纯氮处理、控释氮肥占比80%左右时产量、成熟期氮素积累量、氮肥利用率协同增加,与其栽后30天、抽穗期根系性状优化有密切关系。

Determination of Absorption Capacity and Mass Transfer Coefficient of Several Oils as Solvents for Biomass Gasification Cleaning System

With the aim to find an absorbing liquid suitable for the gas cleaning system in the application of gasification unit in a remote area, three types of oil were tested using a bubble column and a wetted wall column. Air streams containing toluene vapour with flowrates of 13.6 mL-min1 or 27.6 mL.min^-1 were bubbled through a 50 mL static oil in a glass tube at a temperature of 30 ℃ or 60 ℃. In experiments using the wetted wall column, air streams containing toluene were contacted with a falling thin film ofoil on the outer wall of a column with a diameter of 6.4 cm and two different contacting heights of 60 cm or 80 cm. Toluene concentrations in the air stream were adjusted in the range of 700-3000 ppm corresponding to a typical tars concentration in the producer gas. The phase equilibrium of toluene was represented as values of 1/tl of 326, 220 and 182 respectively for lubrication oil, palm oil and sunflower oil （H is Henry＇s constant with the toluene concentrations in g.L^-1 for liquid phase and g.Nm^-3 for gas phase）. From experiments using the bubble column, it was found that the overall mass transfer coefficient （Kc, a） was in the order of 10.3 cm3-min^-1 and the overall liquid phase mass transfer coefficient （KLa）was about 10.3 cm3.min^-1. Although lubrication oil had a slightly better absorption capacity than the other two tested oils, it had a lower mass trasfer coefficient than that of palm oil. All three proposed oils had a much better absorption capacity and absorption rate than that of water used conventionally as a scrubbing liquid in a small biomass gasification plant.

Calculation of Complete Absorption and Intensity of Optical Radiation Spectrum of HeI (λ= 5875Å) with Fine Structure

Theoretical calculations which account for the complete absorption and intensity for the optical radiation He I (λ= 5875 ?) spectral line with fine structure of the transition 23P2,1,0 - 33D3,2,1 during He nanosecond discharge are presented. For different values of the absorption parameter (χ 0?), the absorption quantity A of the three components distorted as a result of reabsorption multiple process has been numerically obtained and graphically presented. The theoretical results for small values of χ 0? (≤4) give a good agreement with the experimental data in literature.

Synthesis and Two-photon Absorption Properties of s-Triazine Derivatives

Two new s-triazine derivatives, which belong to linear dipolar type and triangle octupolar type respectively, have been synthesized. The structure of the dipolar compound has been determined by X-ray diffraction. The two-photon absorption cross-section σ, and the two-photon excited fluorescence (TPEF) intensities are increased significantly from dipolar compound to octupolar compound.

基于Q-s曲线的大型LNG储罐桩板基础沉降计算方法

试桩Q-s曲线体现了现场桩基荷载和沉降的关系。文章以某LNG储罐桩板基础为背景,提出利用Q-s曲线求出桩端土层变形模量的方法,并考虑桩板共同作用的求解桩板基础沉降的方法。该方法将桩基模拟为非线性弹簧,弹簧刚度取自Q-s曲线,采用MIDAS进行建模求解,可得到设计需要的筏板和桩基的沉降等高线图以及轴力和弯矩图,用于指导设计。与仅考虑线性地弹簧系数的规范方法进行对比,该方法精度更高,与实际情况更加相符。该方法可针对不同位置的桩基输入不同的非线性弹簧,可用于解决复杂不均匀地层桩筏基础沉降计算的问题。

Landscape of s-triazine molecule on Si(100) by a theoretical x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption near-edge structure spectra study

The chemisorbed structure for an aromatic molecule on a silicon surface plays an important part in promoting the development of organic semiconductor material science. The carbon K-shell x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy（XPS） and the x-ray absorption near-edge structure（XANES） spectra of the interfacial structure of an s-triazine molecule adsorbed on Si（100） surface have been performed by the first principles, and the landscape of the s-triazine molecule on Si（100） surface has been described in detail. Both the XPS and XANES spectra have shown their dependence on different structures for the pristine s-triazine molecule and its several possible adsorbed configurations. By comparison with the XPS spectra, the XANES spectra display the strongest structural dependency of all of the studied systems and thus could be well applied to identify the chemisorbed s-triazine derivatives. The exploration of spectral components originated from non-equivalent carbons in disparate local environments has also been implemented for both the XPS and XANES spectra of s-triazine adsorbed configurations.

Dependence of Gravity Induced Absorption Changes on the Earth’s Magnetic Field as Measured during Parabolic Flight Campaigns

Various spectroscopic experiments performed on the AIRBUS ZERO G—located in Bordeaux, France—in the years 2002 to 2012 exhibit minute optical reflection/absorption changes (GIACs) as a result of gravitational changes between 0 and 1.8 g in various biological species such as maize, oats, Arabidopsis and particularly Phycomyces sporangiophores. During a flight day, the AIRBUS ZERO G conducts 31 parabolas, each of which lasts about three minutes including a period of 22 s of weightlessness. So far, we participated in 11 parabolic flight campaigns including more than 1000 parabolas performing various kinds of experiments. During our campaigns, we observed an unexplainable variability of the measuring signals (GIACs). Using GPS-positioning systems and three dimensional magnetic field sensors, these finally were traced back to the changing earth’s magnetic field associated with the various flight directions. This is the first time that the interaction of gravity and the Earth’ magnetic field in the primary induction process in living system has been observed.

STRATA应力吸收层在我国的首次应用

结合工程实践,介绍STRATA应力吸收层的施工工艺。针对湖北夏天炎热冬天寒冷的气候特点,建议高等级公路罩面优先选择STRATA应力吸收层。

Energy Absorption by 3D-Printed Mesh Structures with a Negative Poisson’s Ratio

A negative Poisson's ratio(NPR)structure represents optimal impact-resistance with applications in various fields,including the crash box in vehicles,which absorbs impact kinetic energy.The crash box is designed to deform in response to impact,increasing local structural density,which enhances impact resistance performance.Current studies have only focused on the NPR effect in the plane dimension at low-speed loads.Few studies have considered high-speed impact loads on three-dimensional NPR structures.We have developed two types of AlSi10Mg alloy energy-absorbing structures with NPR using three-dimensional printing technology,and have compared our systems with a conventional hexagonal mesh structure.Sample testing involved split-Hopkinson pressure bar measurements,which showed good agreement with dynamic numerical simulations.When subjected to an impact load,the NPR structure exhibited better impact resistance and energy absorption compared with the positive Poisson's ratio structure.The proposed dual-layer hexagonal structure ensures an NPR effect while exhibiting higher strength and improved stability relative to the conventional concave hexagon structure.