A SIMULTANEOUS APPROACH TO WATER - RESOURCE PROTECTION AND ECONOMIC STRUCTURAL ADJUSTMENT—A Case Study of Guanzhong Region in the Huanghe River Basin, China

A regional multiple objective water resource and economic optimization model was developed using a quantitative method of systematic analysis. Input to the model includes indexes of economic structure and development, water resource utilization, wastewater and pollutant discharge, and investment in wastewater treatment. The model, which consists of production structure and industrial structure optimization modules, was applied to the Guanzhong region in the middle reaches of the Huanghe (Yellow) River basin in China. By evaluating several alternative production and industrialization schemes, the modal indicate that water pollution will get worsen though wastewater treatment improves if the economy continues to develop at the planned speed without structural adjustment. However, the results also show that not only economic goals but also water resource protection and pollution control targets can be achieved under an alternative, recommended production and industrial structure. This example illustrates that economic development and environmental protection can be improved coordinately by the regional multiple objective water resource and economic optimization model. It provides an operable approach to the simultaneous sustained development of water resources and economic growth.

Understanding the Impact of Economic Crisis on the Distribution of Organizational Decision-Making Authority

Understanding the dynamics of decision making in the right way is an important problem for the management of organizations.In today’s business life organizations are becoming more complex,and the environments they are operating in,are becoming increasingly uncertain.The aim of this paper is to contribute to the understanding of the dynamics of managerial decision-making process in complex internal and external environments by sharing the results of an empirical study(Onuk,2009).While taking the levels of the organizational structure as one of the important dimensions of complex internal environment,complex external environment is reflected within the study as economic crisis.Using the survey tool developed by Onuk(2009),the empirical study realized in the Turkish organization of a large global company investigated decision-making process to understand how decision-making authority for different types of decisions,identified as strategic,tactical,and operational level decisions,was distributed throughout the organization levels,and how this distribution was impacted by economic crisis.The results of the study confirmed the following common expectations:(1)Strategic decisions are mostly taken at upper hierarchical levels of the organizational structure;(2)during times of economic crisis strategic decision making is centralized;and(3)during times of economic crisis distribution of decision-making authority is concentrated at upper management levels.

Nexus Between Financial Liberalization, Balance Of Payment And Economic Growth In Nigeria

The objectives of this paper are to examine the nexus between financial liberalization,balance of payment and economic growth in Nigeria.The scope of this study due to data availability,especially on measures of balance of payment,covers the period of 1986-2017.This study adopts econometrics techniques of analysis by using Panel Unit Root Tests and Co-integration analysis which is used to determine the long run relationship among economic variables.To test the co-integration relationship this study followed the system proposed by Pedroni(1991)who expands the Engle and Granger[9]two stage technique to heterogeneous board information structure.The study adopts annual time series secondary data for the period of 1986 to 2017.Balance of payment,Official Exchange Rate,Inflation rate(%),Balance of trade,Trade openness,Real Gross Domestic Product growth,and Term of Trade,all data used were obtained from the World Development Indicators.The findings of this study revealed that an increase in exchange rate,interest rate,inflation rate,and trade openness have negatively affect economic growth.Hence,changes or movements in these variables do not necessarily prompt the liberalization decision in the real sector.Therefore,the need to address balance of payment is important,in accordance with the low rate of development in Nigeria.We therefore,recommend that government should monitor both Fiscal and Monetary policies’variables that can significantly influence economic growth in Nigeria.That is,adequate balance of payment that can encourage appropriate financial liberalization should be put in place with,Official Exchange Rate,Inflation rate(%),Balance of trade,Trade openness.

Yield of Agricultural Eco-economic System in Dongting Rim

To analyze the efficiency of the agro-ecosystem of Dongting Rim in Hunan Province,this paper adopted the emergy theory to study the agricultural output of this region during 2001 to 2010.The results showed that the value of regional agricultural emergy output increased by44.68%to(6.50 E)sej,but lower than the growth of non-agricultural industry output.Compared with 2001,the emergy output of planting industry was(4.10E)sej in 2010 which occupied 63.09%of the total agricultural emergy output and got an increase of 2.93 percentage points,while the emergy output of stock farming got a decrease of 2.87 percentage points.The growth of fishery emergy output was not in conformity with the characteristics of Dongting Rim in Hunan.From the contrast between emergy output and economic output,we could find that the economic return ratio of planting industry and fishery industry were lower than those of forestry industry and stock farming industry,which indicated that it is necessary to improve the economic benefits of planting industry and fishery industry which were the traditional industries with advantages of the Dongting Rim in Hunan.

Structural Adjustment Approaches and Policy Design of the Chinese Economy： A Comparison Between New and Old Structural Economics

The structural adjustment of China＇s economy requires the support of economic theories dedicated to structural issues. But new structural economics （NSE） is significantly different from old structural economics （OSE） in terms of development strategies and policies. They expound on the paths of industrial structure improvement and steady economic growth for developing countries from two different perspectives, comparative advantage and first-mover advantage, which result in a toss-up. From the clashing theories and observations of the true state of Chinese economy, we can see that the core features of China＇s current economic structure are a cumulative result of the insufficient ＂complementary＂ and ＂inducing＂ roles of government investment, which requires the introduction of certain investment models to design an effective structural adjustment plan. From the perspective of investment priority, scope （public service or production）, motives, capacity and decision-making and multi-sectoral coordination, this paper analyzes the key connections between NSE and OSE and strives to design an appropriate and accurate investment plan from the perspective of stability, flexibility and under- pinning in the hope of resolving the issues facing the structural adjustment of the Chinese economy. The first step is to identify investment priorities and enable the market to play the decisive role and the government the guiding role. The second step is to identify crucial nodes and adapt investments to trends of the new industrial revolution. The third step is to focus on the resolution of livelihood issues to steer China out of the low-income trap and clear of the middle-income trap. Not only do investment variables have to become an instrument to continuously improve Chi- na＇s factor endowment structure, but also investment as a mechanism underpinning development has to be adopted throughout the entire duration of the process of reform to fulfill the goal of structural adjustment pursued by both NSE and OSE.

工业机器人应用对我国经济增长动能转换的影响研究

依据2006—2019年中国285个地级及以上城市面板数据,运用双向固定效应模型,考量工业机器人应用对经济增长动能转换的影响及其内在机制。结果显示:工业机器人应用对经济增长动能转换促进作用显著,且在非资源型城市、东部地区、普通城市、处于工业化后期及后工业化阶段的城市中促进作用更显著;产业结构调整是工业机器人应用促进经济增长动能转换的重要影响机制。鉴于此,应强化空间引导和分区施策,拓展机器人应用广度和深度,以充分利用技术红利培育壮大发展经济新动能。

农业经济转型视角下饲料产业结构调整对策研究

要实现农业产业的高质量发展就需要积极推动农业经济的转型升级。而饲料产业作为农业经济的重要组成部分,以结构调整的方式提高饲料产业的绿色化、集约化、低碳化发展水平,有利于实现三产融合,进一步提高农业经济的市场竞争力。为此,饲料产业要把握好农业经济转型视角下的机遇,并针对饲料产业存在的挑战提出结构调整对策,从而实现饲料产业的高质量发展。

粮食安全与国家战略的关系及战略调整研究

探讨了粮食安全与国家战略之间的紧密联系,以及如何进行战略调整以应对粮食安全挑战。粮食安全对于国家的经济发展、农业现代化和农村稳定至关重要。为了确保粮食供应的稳定性、质量安全性和粮食生产的可持续性,国家需要进行战略调整和优化。调整包括改革农业生产模式、加强粮食储备体系、推动科技创新、加强国际合作和强化政策支持等。通过优化调整措施,可以实现粮食安全与国家发展的良性互动。综上所述,粮食安全是国家战略的重要组成部分,需要国家在政策和实践层面进行有效的战略调整,以确保粮食供应的稳定性,促进农业可持续发展和社会稳定。

碳中和目标下长三角地区能源结构调整的经济影响及其差异性

党的二十大报告提出,积极稳妥推进碳达峰碳中和。能源结构调整是实现碳中和目标的重要途径,从碳排放产生机制与经济增长的共生关系出发,将经济高质量发展纳入碳中和目标考虑范畴。基于长三角地区3省1市2017年投入产出表,构建区域宏、微观SAM表及能源结构调整模拟分析CGE(computable general equilibrium)模型,建立长三角地区宏观经济闭合系统,研究能源结构调整对长三角地区的经济影响及其差异性。研究发现:1)长三角各区域随着能源结构转型不断推进,其经济影响存在明显差异性,以江苏省为例,当清洁能源替代5%、10%、15%、20%时,江苏省能源结构调整的多数经济指标的经济影响以替代5%时的损失最多,替代10%时的损失小于替代5%、15%时的损失;2)长三角各区域经济发展对传统化石能源的依赖程度存在较大差异,安徽省、上海市经济发展受到能源结构调整的影响较低,江苏省次之,浙江省受到能源结构调整的影响最大;3)随着能源结构调整不断推进,长三角部分区域的经济影响存在阶段性浮动,以江苏省为例,当清洁能源替代10%时,多数经济指标,如农业、制造业、服务业部门的产出以及GDP、政府收入等的经济影响均小于清洁能源替代5%、15%时产生的影响。能源结构调整对长三角地区乃至全国各地实现碳中和目标至关重要,亟须关注。

国际大石油公司战略目标与组织架构调整分析及启示

2020年以来,国际石油公司能源转型加速推进。随着2022年乌克兰危机爆发,能源转型面临“能源安全、可负担、可持续”三重挑战,国际石油公司转型战略由激进趋于稳健。受企业战略调整、组织运行效率需要等因素驱动,各公司不断调整组织架构以适应新发展要求,呈现4方面的特征:一是强调油气产业链上下游一体化运作;二是重视传统能源与低碳业务协同管理;三是重视客户价值创造相关服务;四是加速传统产业与新业态深度融合。未来,石油公司的组织转型会伴随其战略转型不断演化,建议中国石油公司理性转型并持续完善管理模式——聚焦上游盈利保障,追求整体价值创造;借鉴同行试错经验,发挥差异化竞争优势;根据产业发展需要,合理优化组织架构。

统一大市场、产业结构调整与区域经济差距

缩小区域经济差距是我国实现共同富裕总体目标的重要内容,全国统一大市场建设对于我国区域产业结构调整、缩小区域经济差距、实现共同富裕具有重要影响。文章利用我国2011—2020年省级面板数据,基于产业结构调整视角,探讨了统一大市场对我国区域经济差距的影响效应及作用路径,研究发现:整体而言,统一大市场可显著缩小区域经济差距,但由于集聚效应与分散效应大小的相对变化,统一商品市场与要素市场对我国区域经济差距影响存在“倒U型”效应,且当前我国大约1/3的省份已跃过拐点,经过一系列稳健性检验并消除内生性问题后,该结论依然成立;深化区域产业分工和促进区域产业结构升级在统一大市场影响区域经济差距中发挥重要中介作用,商品市场和要素市场统一有利于区域产业分工和产业结构升级并存在互补效应,且能相互增强其对区域经济差距的影响。基于此,文章从完善统一大市场建设、优化区域产业结构调整等方面提出政策建议。

黑龙江省农业产业结构调整对农业经济增长贡献分析

产业结构调整是农业发展与时俱进的必然结果,也是农业优化升级、提质增效的重要手段。以黑龙江省2001—2021年农业产业结构数据为基础,采用产值占比法测算农业产业结构变动对农业经济增长的贡献度,并通过建立弹性系数回归模型深入探究其影响程度。结果显示:随着黑龙江省农业产业结构的不断调整,对农业经济增长产生的积极影响越来越突出,贡献度由负值转向正值;种植业在农业各生产部门中对农业经济增长的贡献最为突出,其次是畜牧业和林业,渔业影响效果不显著。因此黑龙江省应进一步探索农业产业结构调整优化方向,增强农业可持续发展能力,实现农业高质量发展和现代化进步。

经济全球化背景下纺织工业产业结构的调整战略

随着经济全球化进程的加快,全球价值链重构、国际贸易政策变动以及跨国公司战略调整都影响到了纺织品的生产、分销和消费模式。纺织工业作为传统且重要的制造产业,需要对现有的产业结构进行战略性调整,以应对新的全球经济环境。

营口市水稻种业发展现状及结构调整策略分析

基于国家种业发展规划和种业高质量发展的要求,对营口市水稻种业发展现状进行了剖析,结果表明:营口市水稻种业存在着企业经营规模小、育种研究基础薄弱、品种同质化严重、品牌意识薄弱、产业链条不完善等突出问题。从增强种子企业市场竞争力、降低融资门槛、加大对企业科研资金投入,加强种子繁育基地现代化建设、加大品种保护力度,优化水稻品种结构,提高稻米产业化经营水平等角度提出了对应的调整策略和建议。

Changes in the Economic Structure and Trends in China’s Future Energy Demands

The scientific evaluation of trends in China's future energy demands is highly important.Using provincial-level panel data from 1995 to 2015,we studied the relationships between the economic aggregate,the development of energy-intensive industries and energy demand from the perspective of changes in the proportion of energy-intensive industries in the national economy.We find that economic aggregate affects energy demand through energy-intensive industries and that changes in the economic structure are the key factor for change in energy demand.This means that China's future energy demand will be much lower than that contained in forecasts that did not consider this factor.Comprehensively promoting green-tech development and strengthening the regulation of energy-extensive industries will be one of the key options for realizing China's objective of controlling total energy consumption.

农业经济发展与农村产业结构调整路径研究

伴随时代的发展,农业机械化、现代化建设进程不断加快,我国农村与农业经济的发展进入了一个全新的历史阶段。农业产品结构与农村产业结构的调整,逐渐成为我国开展“三农”工作的重点。经济发展与经济结构转换的关系,探究农业结构演变的规律,提出农业产业结构调整的策略,以期全面推进农业现代化发展,赋能美丽乡村建设。

战略性新兴产业集聚、产业结构升级与区域经济韧性

提高系统应对内外部冲击的能力,对区域经济的高质量发展具有重要意义。本文在理论层面从抵抗与恢复力、适应与调整力、创新与转型力三个维度阐述了战略性新兴产业集聚与区域经济韧性之间的关系,依据中国2009-2021年31个省市自治区面板数据,在构建区域经济韧性指标体系和测算战略性新兴产业区位熵的基础上,研究战略性新兴产业集聚对区域经济韧性的影响及内在机制。研究发现:整体回归结果显示,战略性新兴产业集聚能够显著提升区域经济韧性,在通过一系列稳健性检验后该结论依然成立;战略性新兴产业集聚通过产业结构升级传导路径促进区域经济韧性提升;分区域回归结果显示,战略性新兴产业集聚对东部地区和中部地区经济韧性的促进作用更大,中介效应更强。因此,应大力发展战略性新兴产业,因地制宜实施差别化战略性新兴产业集聚发展战略,切实推动产业结构升级。

中国经济结构性减速时代的来临

本文从产业结构调整视角,研判中国经济结构性减速时代的来临并预测中国未来20年的经济增长速度。对产业结构合理化和高度化的传统测度指标进行完善,基于1978—2012年省域数据,利用非参数面板模型均值估计和逐点估计方法,实证检验了中国产业结构调整与经济增长的关系。结果显示,中国产业结构合理化和高度化都显著促进了区域经济增长,但无论采用合理化还是高度化指标,结构调整效应的产出弹性均随产业结构的调整、资本积累和劳动投入的增加而呈现"倒U型"动态演进过程。当前,中国整体正处在"倒U型"曲线的拐点,面临从"结构性加速"向"结构性减速"转变的困境。经济增速的预测表明,中国经济增长将在2013—2017年进入"7时代",在2018—2022年进入"5时代"甚至"4"时代。

长三角经济一体化的关键:产业结构的调整与互动

首先分析了国际经济一体化组织———欧盟产生的原因、发展历程、达到的目的,提出经济一体化的关键和实质是产业结构的调整与互动。在此基础上分析了长江三角洲地区两省一市产业结构的特点及存在的问题,即该地区已进入由重化工业和高加工度化制造业为主导的工业化中后期发展阶段,但不同地区的经济发展水平仍存在一定的差距,产业结构呈阶梯状特征,制造业结构有明显的地域分工,部分产业集聚度低,产业的地区间转移受阻。最后对长江三角洲地区产业结构调整与互动提出了对策和建议:要充分发挥上海的龙头作用;以世博会为契机,推进长江三角洲第三产业的一体化发展;加快跨地区大型企业集团的建立等。