In China, the responsibilitY of protecting the environment lies largely with local governments. Within the framework of spatial econometrics, we investigate empirically the consequence of such an institutional setting...In China, the responsibilitY of protecting the environment lies largely with local governments. Within the framework of spatial econometrics, we investigate empirically the consequence of such an institutional setting. Using city-level data for China, the present study finds that city governments behave strategically in making spending decisions regarding environmental protection. This paper finds that a city government appears to cut its own spending as a response to the rise in environmental protection spending by its neighbors. Hence, environmental protection tends to be underprovided. As a result, we suggest that centralizing the environmental protection responsibility to a higher level of government would be beneficial in terms of controlling pollution in China.展开更多
In the case of single project management standing the major place, the management on the organizational level and project level is separated from each other in large-scale construction enterprises, and it is not long ...In the case of single project management standing the major place, the management on the organizational level and project level is separated from each other in large-scale construction enterprises, and it is not long before program management theories applied to construction industry. Under the new situation of construction project clustering, how to choose projects has been the strategic decision for construction enterprises. Therefore,with the theory of program management and strategic management, this paper analyzes the relationship between the strategic growth of large-scale construction enterprises and program contracting, and attempts to provide meaningful ideas for enterprises to choose program from the strategic level.展开更多
We use a highly disaggregated panel of macro data and minimum wages at the county level to investigate the processes behind minimum wage adjustments in China.Relying on random effects models,spatial econometrics techn...We use a highly disaggregated panel of macro data and minimum wages at the county level to investigate the processes behind minimum wage adjustments in China.Relying on random effects models,spatial econometrics techniques,and multilevel analyses,we document that a comparatively small number of economic variables-including the local price level and GDP per capita-are important determinants of minimum wage rates.Interactions between adjacent counties and counties of the same administrative type,and centralized mechanisms,particularly at the provincial level,also play an important role in explaining the variance in minimum wage rates across counties.Finally,we show that China's provinces are the key players for setting minimum wage rates and that,when they do so,they are not uniform in the way they weigh different economic variables.展开更多
基金supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universitiesthe Research Funds of Renmin University of China (11XNL009)
文摘In China, the responsibilitY of protecting the environment lies largely with local governments. Within the framework of spatial econometrics, we investigate empirically the consequence of such an institutional setting. Using city-level data for China, the present study finds that city governments behave strategically in making spending decisions regarding environmental protection. This paper finds that a city government appears to cut its own spending as a response to the rise in environmental protection spending by its neighbors. Hence, environmental protection tends to be underprovided. As a result, we suggest that centralizing the environmental protection responsibility to a higher level of government would be beneficial in terms of controlling pollution in China.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(71440009)
文摘In the case of single project management standing the major place, the management on the organizational level and project level is separated from each other in large-scale construction enterprises, and it is not long before program management theories applied to construction industry. Under the new situation of construction project clustering, how to choose projects has been the strategic decision for construction enterprises. Therefore,with the theory of program management and strategic management, this paper analyzes the relationship between the strategic growth of large-scale construction enterprises and program contracting, and attempts to provide meaningful ideas for enterprises to choose program from the strategic level.
基金Findings,interpretations,and conclusions expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the Nordic Trust Fund,the World Bank,its affiliated organizations,its executive directors,or the governments these represent.'For China,studies that explore the effects of minimum wages on wages,employment,and other outcome variables include those by Huang et al.(2014),Lin and Yun(2016),and Demurger et al.(2021).
文摘We use a highly disaggregated panel of macro data and minimum wages at the county level to investigate the processes behind minimum wage adjustments in China.Relying on random effects models,spatial econometrics techniques,and multilevel analyses,we document that a comparatively small number of economic variables-including the local price level and GDP per capita-are important determinants of minimum wage rates.Interactions between adjacent counties and counties of the same administrative type,and centralized mechanisms,particularly at the provincial level,also play an important role in explaining the variance in minimum wage rates across counties.Finally,we show that China's provinces are the key players for setting minimum wage rates and that,when they do so,they are not uniform in the way they weigh different economic variables.
