Thoughts and Practice of Ecological Protection and Restoration of Mountains, Rivers, Forests, Farmlands, Lakes and Grasslands

The report of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China stated that it was necessary to establish and practice the concept that lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets,treat the ecological environment as life,and coordinate the management of mountains,rivers,forests,farmlands,lakes and grasslands.In recent years,China has organized a series of pilot projects for the ecological protection and restoration of mountains,rivers,forests,farmlands,lakes and grasslands,breaking the boundary between administrative divisions,departmental management and ecological elements,and implementing conservation and restoration oriented towards the improvement of ecosystem services,so as to solve the problem of the lack of overall planning for ecological protection and restoration projects and the separated management of ecological elements.This study systematically elaborated the theoretical basis and connotation characteristics of ecological protection and restoration of mountains,rivers,forests,farmlands,lakes and grasslands.It proposed the implementation path of ecological protection and restoration project of mountains,rivers,forests,farmlands,lakes and grasslands by taking the water source conservation area of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei as a case,so as to provide reference for the implementation and decision-making management of ecological protection and restoration projects in various regions.

Protection and Restoration of Soil and Water Ecology to Achieve Harmonious Coexistence between Human and Nature

At present,the ecological environment crisis of global concern,such as climate warming and biodiversity loss,the fundamental reason is the change and destruction of the earth's soil and water ecology.Therefore,protecting and restoring the authenticity,diversity,cleanliness and integrity of soil and water ecology,we should coordinate and deal with the relationship between human beings and soil and water ecology,and realize the harmonious coexistence between human beings and nature from the three aspects of protecting natural soil and water ecology,protecting and restoring natural soil and water ecology,building and regenerating artificial soil and water ecology.

The Impact of Urbanization on the Ecological Space of Traditional Villages and Restoration Strategies:Take Huangpu Village in Guangzhou as an Example

The rapid urbanization has brought tremendous impact on the ecological spaces of traditional villages,research on the influence process and restoration strategies will contribute to the protection and development of traditional villages.This paper took Huangpu Village for example,summarized the types and characteristics of its ecological spaces,analyzed the influence process and characteristics of urbanization on it,and then put forward 7 restoration strategies pertinently.It has some theoretical application value for the protection and development of traditional villages in the Pearl River Delta and other highly-urbanized regions.

Protection and Ecological Restoration of Water Level Fluctuation Zone in the Three Gorges Reservoir

Water level fluctuation zone(hereinafter referred to as "WLFZ") is a transitional ecosystem between terrestrial ecosystem and aquatic ecosystem,and also a key area to control its neighboring terrestrial and aquatic ecosystem. After the Three Gorges Reservoir was put into use,ecological environment of its WLFZ has aroused wide concern from domestic and foreign experts. On the basis of introducing characteristics of WLFZ of the Three Gorges Reservoir,current ecological environment and main problems of this area were analyzed,plant selection and configuration was elaborated as well as the implementation effect of many WLFZ protection and ecological restoration modes. In view of the actual conditions,pertinent suggestions were proposed for WLFZ of the Three Gorges Reservoir,namely classified protection and ecological restoration,enhancing monitoring and assessment of current situation and change tendency,carrying out technical researches and demonstration of WLFZ wetland ecological restoration.

Study on Key Problems of a New Environmental Dredging Based on Ecological Protection and Subsequent Ecological Restoration

[Objective] The research aimed to study key problems of a new environmental dredging based on ecological protection and subsequent ecological restoration. [Method] People paid more attention to sediment pollutant removal in environmental dredging, without considering coming aquatic eco-restoration work after dredging. Factor affecting aquatic ecosystem existence and growth was screened, and ecological dredging manner was put forward. [Result] On the basis of analyzing dredging objective, effect and influence, started from ecological protection and subsequent ecological restoration, water depth and substrate were screened as priority control factors of the environmental sediment dredging. New manner of combining sediment dredging to reshape underwater terrain was put forward. [Conclusion] The research provided solution for water depth and substrate demands of the subsequent ecological restoration.

Ecological and Environmental Protection Requirements in China s Regional Coordinated Development Strategy in the New Era

Starting from the historical evolution of China s regional coordinated development policy and practice,three stages of"enlightenment stage","development stage"and"maturity stage",as well as the connotation,characteristics and content of implementing regional coordinated development strategy were analyzed.On this basis,from different aspects of industrial distribution,pollutant characteristics and regional environmental protection policy,the existing ecological and environmental protection problems in China s regional coordinated development in the new era were analyzed,and some suggestions for the next step were put forward.It is necessary to follow the"four ones"concept from the overall point of view,implement"three lines and one list"from the perspective of the width of the access red line,strengthen"joint prevention and control"from the perspective of the depth of regional regulation,deepen the"planning environmental impact assessment"from the perspective of the breadth of industrial distribution,and promote the"green-way model"from the perspective of ecological low carbon.

Landscape Design of Water Conservancy Scenic Area Based on Ecological Protection Concept

Targeting at the development needs of ecological cities, the landscape design of water conservancy scenic areas has begun to take the ecological protection concept as the design essence, based on the theory of landscape ecology, ecological restoration and ecological compensation. The principles and methods of ecological design are summarized in this paper to achieve the unity of economic benefits and ecological benefits in water conservancy scenic areas and create a livable environment for cities.

Ecological Protection Design Strategy for Mountain Tourism Highway Slopes

Slope ecological protection technology is a form of slope protection with high ornamental and good economic value.At present,it is widely used in highways and urban streets’slope protection works.However,its use is not very common in mountain tourism highways;hence,it is necessary to implement strategies for mountain tourism highway slope ecological protection design to promote excellent development.

Research Advances on Marine Ecological Effect and Repairing Techniques of Coastal Mangrove Wetland

Coastal mangrove wetland is one of the areas whose global ecological environmental conditions have severely changed. Its ecosystem is vulnerable to damaged. The international community has paid attention to conservation and wisely use of mangrove wetland. This paper describes five parts of coastal mangrove wetland at home and abroad,including seawater's purification effect of nitrogen and phosphorus,seawater's adsorption of heavy metals,the functions of carbon sequestration and climate regulation,implant restoration techniques and the status of protection and management. And research trends of coastal mangrove wetland were proposed,in order to provide reference for the restoration and protection of China's coastal mangrove wetland.

Review of Restoration Technology and Multi-environmental Factors Analysis of West Lake Ecosystem in Hangzhou City

The urban lake ecosystem has the characteristics of long-term,complex and comprehensive in its ecological restoration process because it is related to social and economic activities at multiple levels.Located in Hangzhou City,China,the West Lake is a national-level scenic spot and a world heritage cultural landscape.It provides key ecosystem services for the city and has a significant impact on the urban ecological environment and the well-being of citizens.The West Lake has undergone an 1800-year governance process in history,realizing the harmonious coexistence with Hangzhou City.Since modern times,due to the rapid development of urbanization and industrialization,the water quality of the West Lake and its freshwater ecosystem have been greatly damaged.Since 2002,Hangzhou City has achieved the overall restoration of the West Lake ecosystem through a series of measures,such as water diversion projects,dredging projects,and the West Lake comprehensive protection project,and the water environment and lakeshore landscape have been greatly improved.This study analyzed the restoration technology of the West Lake ecosystem from two scales of the watershed and the site and discussed the water ecological governance system of the West Lake in the past 20 years.Through thedata analyses of the West Lake land use,vegetation,TP,TN,NH_(3)-N,COD_(Mn) and other multi-environmental factors,the results showed that the water quality,transparency and eutrophication of the West Lake had been greatly improved.At the same time,the application of large-scale restoration methods and technologies also required long-term observation,and attention should be paid to the proliferation of alien species and the loss of heritage value,so as to further avoid potential ecological risks caused by ecological restoration.

On the Criminal Law Protection of the Marine Ecological Environment

With the continuous and rapid development of the country’s economy and society,it has greatly promoted the leap of the marine economy and brought more severe challenges and tests to the protection of marine ecological environment.How to effectively measure the criminal law protection of the marine ecological environment and take effective measures Measures to deepen the effects of marine ecological environmental protection have become one of the focus topics of widespread concern in the industry.Based on this,this article first introduces the protection of marine ecological interests in China’s criminal law,analyzes the necessity of adjusting the ecological environment in criminal law,and discusses the deficiencies in China’s marine legal system and combines relevant practical experience to improve the marine environment.Various angles and aspects,such as laws and regulations related to resource crimes,put forward the basic approach to strengthen the criminal law protection of the marine ecological environment,and hope to help the practice of related work.

黄河流域生态保护和高质量发展研究述评与展望

黄河流域生态保护和高质量发展重大国家战略提出已近5 a,在此期间国家及社会各界做出了不懈努力,黄河流域保护治理水平得以飞速提升。然而,黄河保护治理问题错综复杂,绝非一朝一夕可以解决,针对黄河流域现状及存在问题,亟须对近5 a的研究和成果进行系统总结,并对未来发展进行展望。从科研项目、学术论文、学术专著和研究平台4个方面,系统总结了黄河流域生态保护和高质量发展重大国家战略提出后社会各界针对黄河所做的研究与贡献;运用系统论、辩证论、和谐论等理论,并结合黄河流域现状及亟待解决的重大问题,对推进黄河流域生态保护和高质量发展重大国家战略提出5点展望:多学科交叉融合、多部门协同治理、多层级联合攻关、多平台培养人才、多途径保护治理。

社会资本参与生态保护修复市场化机制模式与实现路径研究

实施生态保护修复工程是构建人与自然和谐共生现代化社会的关键性举措,由于其公益性和外部性特征,难以形成稳定长效的回报机制,社会资本参与门槛高风险大。面对日益增长的修复需求,建立和完善生态保护修复项目的市场化机制不仅有助于缓解政府财政压力,更能通过市场机制的引入优化资源配置、推动产业结构优化。本文从生态保护修复市场化的逻辑前提出发,系统论述生态保护修复市场化实现的必要条件,归纳社会资本参与生态保护修复项目模式,针对生态保护修复市场化的发展,结合市场化在不同项目中的具体实现路径,提出发展和优化建议,旨在探索社会资本参与生态保护修复项目进入难、实施难的解决方案,推动生态保护修复市场化的健康发展。

宁夏草原生态保护面临的问题及对策建议

草原资源作为宁夏面积最大的土地类型和主要的可更新资源,不仅是草原畜牧业发展的物质基础,而且在维持和保护生物多样性、提供饲草、碳固存、养分循环、防风固沙等方面发挥着重要功能。根据宁夏草原生态保护和建设现状,系统总结了宁夏草原生态保护取得的成效,分析了目前宁夏草原生态保护存在的问题并提出相应的对策建议,旨在为宁夏草原生态保护和可持续发展提供参考。

野生动物相关生态环境损害赔偿制度的适用性分析

非法侵害野生动物资源不仅会造成野生动物资源自身的损害,还会引起野生动物生态功能退化等生态损害。司法实践中,野生动物相关生态环境损害往往不能得到全面救济。明晰行政索赔主体的职责,可以避免由于职责不清导致行使赔偿请求权时出现管辖范围不清、互相推诿的情况;认定损害赔偿范围综合考虑时间限度、空间限度、注重质量限度及多种主客观因素、区分野生动物生态环境修复费用和生态环境服务功能损失费用,可以最大限度地覆盖非法侵害野生动物资源造成的全部损害,实现野生动物维护生态系统平衡、保护物种、保持生物多样性、保存基因等多种生态功能丧失的完全赔偿;建立司法行政部门统一管理,司法鉴定、社会鉴定并存的多元化鉴定机制,能够统一鉴定标准、保证鉴定质量、维持鉴定秩序,科学合理地确定野生动物资源的生态损害价值;针对能够恢复生态功能的野生动物相关生态环境损害采用生态修复的责任方法,比单纯的金钱赔偿更有利于维持生物多样性、保护野生动物资源。

Research on Ecological Protection and Restoration Measures in Altay Region based on the Coupling Perspective of the Mountains-Rivers-Forests-Farmlands-Lakes-Grasslands System

The adoption of both Nature-based Solutions(NbS)and a system perspective is a hot issue and an area in which there is much room for improvement in ecological protection and restoration.The study takes Altay region as an example,an area located in Xinjiang,China,which is an important ecological corridor of the national key functional area and the core area of the Belt and Road but has a fragile ecological environment and needs much enhancement in ecological protection and restoration.Guided by the concept of"mountains-rivers-forestsfarmlands-lakes-grasslands(MRFFLG)system is a life community",the coupling relationship of the various MRFFLG elements,the main ecological environmental problems and the integrated countermeasures for protection and restoration in Altay region have been analyzed in this study.The study shows that Altay region has a typical meta-ecosystem of mountain,oasis,and desert,and the connections by rivers and lakes make the ecosystem links within the region much closer.The interweaving of resource-environmental-ecological issues of the aquatic ecosystem,degradation of the quality of terrestrial ecosystems such as forests,grasslands and farmlands,the increased ecosystem fragmentation and ecological risks are the major ecological environmental issues in this region.This study takes the improvement of the ecosystem health and function in Altay region as the core goal of regional ecological protection and restoration.First,we establish a zoning governance pattern from the perspective of ecosystem integrity;second,we design governance strategies for different zones with the goal of synergistic improvements in the ecosystem functions;and finally,we clarify the key engineering tasks in different zones from the perspective of ecosystem services.Ecological conservation and restoration of the MRFFLG system is a prime example of the application and development of NbS in China.This paper constructs an analytical framework for identifying regional life communities,diagnosing ecological protection and restoration of zoning problems,and proposing classified solutions for ecological protection tasks for the protection of the MRFFLG system.This research will enrich the theory and technology for the protection and restoration of MRFFLG systems,and provide guidance for the practice of ecological protection and restoration in Altay region.

白浆土改良技术对黑土生态修复的促进机制研究

白浆土主要形成于石灰岩风化后的土壤,具有较高的碱性和石灰含量,常用于土壤改良和中性化处理,以改善土壤结构和适应作物生长需求。由于长期人为活动和自然因素影响,黑土面临着土壤退化的问题。因此,该文以白浆土为例,基于黑土地区面临的生态问题,突出了黑土生态修复的紧迫性和必要性,详细探讨了白浆土改良技术对中和土壤酸碱度、增加土壤有机质含量、改善土壤结构和促进土壤生物活性等方面对黑土生态修复的促进作用。通过对白浆土改良技术的研究和实地调查,论证其在黑土生态修复中的实际效果和可行性,并提出了未来研究和应用建议,为黑土地区的生态环境保护和可持续发展提供理论和实践支持。

基于生态韧性的山水林田湖草沙一体化保护修复框架

基于生态韧性内涵的山水林田湖草沙一体化保护修复是提升区域生态系统承载力和风险适应性的创新路径。本文阐述了生态韧性内涵与山水林田湖草沙生命共同体的特征,明确了一体化生态修复同生态韧性内涵关联逻辑,构建了山水林田湖草沙一体化保护修复的韧性作用机制和“问题识别-要素分析-策略制定”研究框架。以石家庄市为例,识别了其水土流失、湿地萎缩等生态问题,明确流域单元关键生态要素,并基于石家庄市生态系统地理空间格局以及面临的生态风险,提出调田节水、生境修复、林草保育等保护策略。以期为推进山水林田湖草沙系统修复工作以及增强生态系统应对干扰的抵抗力和适应力提供支撑。

北方防沙带大型露天煤矿区生态保护与修复技术

北方防沙带是我国防治沙化和荒漠化的关键地带,是“三北”工程的核心区,区内土壤贫瘠、风速大、干旱缺水、植被稀少、生态恢复力低,而大型露天煤矿开采与生态保护矛盾突出,直接影响区域生态安全和国家能源保供,迫切需要开展大型露天矿区生态保护修复研究。针对北方防沙带大型露天煤矿区开采引起的土地破坏、扬尘起沙、水位下降、土壤沙化、植被退化等问题。以北方防沙带面积和露天煤炭产量占比均最大的内蒙古的大型露天煤矿区为研究区,秉承“减损开采-立体保水-造土活土-系统修复-集成监管”的研究思路,揭示大型露天矿岩土损伤-生态退化传导机理、生态减损开采机制、重建生态自维持机制,研发生态保护型减损开采、生态化设计、水资源保护与综合利用、抗侵蚀地貌重塑、排土场活土层精细重构、土壤改良与提质增容、菌-藻-草联合修复、生态系统退化监管等关键技术,形成适合北方防沙带露天煤矿区生态保护与修复技术体系,建成大型露天矿区生态保护修复集成示范区。创建低成本、高效率、可持续、可复制的大型露天矿区生态保护修复模式,为保障我国北方防沙带大型露天矿区科学开采与生态安全提供支撑,实现煤炭开发能源保供与生态保护相协调、“开发金山银山,再造绿水青山”的目标。

南昌市象湖湿地公园消落带植物景观生态修复策略

为减轻城市湿地公园的消落带生态退化问题(环境污染、水土流失、土壤侵蚀、功能退化等),探求高效的生态修复策略。以南昌市象湖湿地公园为研究对象,在系统分析消落带的共性生态环境问题及现状基础上,提出了相应的景观生态修复策略:1)在广泛调查地域性消落带植物种类及其群落组成的基础上,筛选出适合公园环境的湿生植物种类;2)适度调整消落带的护坡和护岸结构,以自然式护岸为主;3)以乡土的湿生植物为主,建议配植适生植物群落,修复受损的消落带生境,形成特色护岸景观。研究城市湿地公园消落带的植物景观生态修复,有利于实现消落带生境修复、景观游憩、水体净化、减污增汇等生态效益,以构建生态环境友好型的消落带景观。