基于MLS形函数处理边界的电阻率法有限单元正演模拟

电阻率法有限单元正演模拟中,采用第三类边界条件时为保证精度仍要求较大范围的计算域.无单元法为地球物理领域的新兴正演模拟方法,其计算效率低,但其中采用的移动最小二乘(MLS)形函数相比于有限单元法形函数具有良好的连续性,模拟精度高.本文将MLS形函数应用于电阻率法有限单元2.5维正演的第三类边界条件处理,提出电阻率法有限单元-移动最小二乘(FEM-MLS)耦合正演方法.通过不同正演方法的模型算例模拟结果对比,验证了本文算法的有效性,并讨论了各个参数选择对模拟结果的影响.本文数值模拟结果表明采用第三类边界条件时,在同等计算精度前提下,FEM-MLS耦合法相比于有限单元法可进一步缩小计算域并提高了计算效率,相比于采用较大计算域满足边界条件的有限单元法计算效率提高了约一倍,相比于采用相同小范围计算域的有限单元法平均精度提高了约一倍.

基于MLS的三维扩展目标PMBM跟踪算法

针对传统三维扩展目标跟踪算法形状估计精度低的问题,提出了一种基于移动最小二乘的泊松多伯努利混合(Poisson multi-Bernoulli mixture based on the moving least square,MLS-PMBM)滤波跟踪算法。该算法基于MLS模型构建三维扩展目标的形状矩阵,通过PMBM滤波器预测和更新目标的运动状态,利用移动最小二乘算法更新形状矩阵,结合目标质心状态与形状估计完成对三维扩展目标的跟踪。仿真实验与实际点云数据的验证表明,与现有算法相比,本文所提算法在多扩展目标的形状估计方面具有更优的性能,具有较高的泛用性。

Cloudless-Training:基于serverless的高效跨地域分布式ML训练框架

跨地域分布式机器学习(ML)训练能够联合多区域的云资源协作训练,可满足许多新兴ML场景(比如大型模型训练、联邦学习)的训练需求。但其训练效率仍受2方面挑战的制约。首先,多区域云资源缺乏有效的弹性调度,这会影响训练的资源利用率和性能;其次,模型跨地域同步需要在广域网(WAN)上高频通信,受WAN的低带宽和高波动的影响,会产生巨大通信开销。本文提出Cloudless-Training,从3个方面实现高效的跨地域分布式ML训练。首先,它基于serverless计算模式实现,使用控制层和训练执行层的2层架构,支持多云区域的弹性调度和通信。其次,它提供一种弹性调度策略,根据可用云资源的异构性和训练数据集的分布自适应地部署训练工作流。最后,它提供了2种高效的跨云同步策略,包括基于梯度累积的异步随机梯度下降(ASGD-GA)和跨云参数服务器(PS)间的模型平均(MA)。Cloudless-Training是基于OpenFaaS实现的,并被部署在腾讯云上评估,实验结果表明Cloudless-Training可显著地提高跨地域分布式ML训练的资源利用率(训练成本降低了9.2%~24.0%)和同步效率(训练速度最多比基线快1.7倍),并能保证模型的收敛精度。

Significant risk factors for intensive care unit-acquired weakness:A processing strategy based on repeated machine learning

BACKGROUND Intensive care unit-acquired weakness(ICU-AW)is a common complication that significantly impacts the patient's recovery process,even leading to adverse outcomes.Currently,there is a lack of effective preventive measures.AIM To identify significant risk factors for ICU-AW through iterative machine learning techniques and offer recommendations for its prevention and treatment.METHODS Patients were categorized into ICU-AW and non-ICU-AW groups on the 14th day post-ICU admission.Relevant data from the initial 14 d of ICU stay,such as age,comorbidities,sedative dosage,vasopressor dosage,duration of mechanical ventilation,length of ICU stay,and rehabilitation therapy,were gathered.The relationships between these variables and ICU-AW were examined.Utilizing iterative machine learning techniques,a multilayer perceptron neural network model was developed,and its predictive performance for ICU-AW was assessed using the receiver operating characteristic curve.RESULTS Within the ICU-AW group,age,duration of mechanical ventilation,lorazepam dosage,adrenaline dosage,and length of ICU stay were significantly higher than in the non-ICU-AW group.Additionally,sepsis,multiple organ dysfunction syndrome,hypoalbuminemia,acute heart failure,respiratory failure,acute kidney injury,anemia,stress-related gastrointestinal bleeding,shock,hypertension,coronary artery disease,malignant tumors,and rehabilitation therapy ratios were significantly higher in the ICU-AW group,demonstrating statistical significance.The most influential factors contributing to ICU-AW were identified as the length of ICU stay(100.0%)and the duration of mechanical ventilation(54.9%).The neural network model predicted ICU-AW with an area under the curve of 0.941,sensitivity of 92.2%,and specificity of 82.7%.CONCLUSION The main factors influencing ICU-AW are the length of ICU stay and the duration of mechanical ventilation.A primary preventive strategy,when feasible,involves minimizing both ICU stay and mechanical ventilation duration.

MLS安全评价法在油管输送射孔作业中的应用

介绍了油管输送射孔技术特点及作业要求,优选出MLS安全评价法对其进行安全风险评价,结合施工步骤,开展各个操作步骤中的危险因素分析。确定了危险因素的个数、发生的频率分值、危险因素可监测与可控制状态,后果严重度等评价参数,通过MLS定量计算得出危险因素的评级结果。最后,根据海因里希因果连锁理论,分析事故后果的主要影响因素,给出有针对性的危险因素控制措施,以达到消除危险因素的目的。

体积>80mL的良性前列腺增生患者经尿道等离子前列腺电切术中应用尖部收切法的可行性与安全性分析

目的:分析体积>80mL的良性前列腺增生(BPH)患者经尿道等离子前列腺电切术(TUP-KP)术中应用尖部收切法的可行性与安全性。方法:选取2019年10月至2022年10月196例我院体积>80mL、择期手术的BPH患者,随机分为两组,研究组(n=98,采用TUPKP术中应用尖部收切法),常规组(n=98,采用常规TUPKP术),比较两组患者手术相关指标、逼尿肌稳定性相关指标、前列腺症状、生活质量及并发症。结果:两组手术相关指标差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);术后3个月,两组患者逼尿肌压力、初始尿意容量、排尿后残尿量以及最大尿意容量各自较术前相比皆有所改善(P<0.05),但两组患者组间上述指标差值均无统计学意义(P>0.05);术后3个月,研究组国际前列腺症状评分等级优于常规组(P<0.05),且时间与前列腺症状分级的交互项具有显著性(P<0.05);术后3个月,两组患者生活质量评分量表各维度较术前均升高(P<0.05),研究组生活质量评分量表各维度差值均高于常规组(P<0.05);术后3个月,研究组总并发症发生率为2.04%,低于常规组的9.18%(P<0.05)。结论:TUPKP术中应用尖部收切法治疗体积>80mL的BPH患者可缓解症状,改善生活质量,且并发症少,安全可靠。

SAA、MLS、HNL与糖尿病足溃疡细菌感染患者Wagner分级的相关性分析

目的:探讨淀粉样蛋白A(SAA)、淋巴细胞平均光散射值(MLS)、中性粒细胞载脂蛋白(HNL)与糖尿病足溃疡(DFU)细菌感染患者Wagner分级间的关系。方法:选取我院2020年4月-2022年5月收治的124例DFU患者为研究对象,根据入院时是否发生细菌感染将患者分为感染组(65例)和未感染组(59例)。比较两组入院时血清SAA、MLS、HNL水平,比较不同Wagner分级患者血清SAA、MLS、HNL水平,分析入院时血清SAA、MLS、HNL水平与Wagner分级及细菌感染的相关性,偏回归分析影响DFU发生细菌感染的危险因素。结果:入院时感染组血清SAA、MLS、HNL水平较未感染组明显升高(P<0.05);不同Wagner分级患者血清SAA、MLS、HNL水平比较:I级<Ⅱ级<Ⅲ级(P<0.05);入院时血清SAA、MLS、HNL水平与Wagner分级及细菌感染均呈正相关(P<0.05);Logistic回归分析显示,入院时血清SAA(>83.91mg/L)、MLS(>71.46)、HNL(>148.24ng/mL)水平是DFU患者发生细菌感染的危险因素(P<0.05)。结论:血清SAA、MLS、HNL与DFU有关,且随着表达水平升高DFU患者发生细菌感染的风险随之提升。

Engineering Strategies for Suppressing the Shuttle Effect in Lithium–Sulfur Batteries

Lithium–sulfur(Li–S)batteries are supposed to be one of the most potential next-generation batteries owing to their high theoretical capacity and low cost.Nevertheless,the shuttle effect of firm multi-step two-electron reaction between sulfur and lithium in liquid electrolyte makes the capacity much smaller than the theoretical value.Many methods were proposed for inhibiting the shuttle effect of polysulfide,improving corresponding redox kinetics and enhancing the integral performance of Li–S batteries.Here,we will comprehensively and systematically summarize the strategies for inhibiting the shuttle effect from all components of Li–S batteries.First,the electrochemical principles/mechanism and origin of the shuttle effect are described in detail.Moreover,the efficient strategies,including boosting the sulfur conversion rate of sulfur,confining sulfur or lithium polysulfides(LPS)within cathode host,confining LPS in the shield layer,and preventing LPS from contacting the anode,will be discussed to suppress the shuttle effect.Then,recent advances in inhibition of shuttle effect in cathode,electrolyte,separator,and anode with the aforementioned strategies have been summarized to direct the further design of efficient materials for Li–S batteries.Finally,we present prospects for inhibition of the LPS shuttle and potential development directions in Li–S batteries.

MLS激光疗法在运动医学领域的应用研究进展

多波锁定系统激光疗法(Multiwave locked system,MLS)是一种无创、无副作用、快速治疗疼痛、炎症和水肿以及修复浅表病变的新疗法,其由同步连续发射(808 nm)和脉冲发射(905 nm)组成的有独有专利技术的IV类激光设备。与传统的激光治疗相比,其能有效降低治疗时间,提高治疗效率,可刺激到更深层的组织,有良好的镇痛、消炎、消肿等效果。近年来,该疗法广泛应用于临床、康复、体育领域,其应用效果及作用机制还需进一步总结分析。该文将近些年国内外关于MLS激光疗法在运动医学领域治疗中的研究进行总结归纳,旨在为相关人员提供有益的参考。

How do the landslide and non-landslide sampling strategies impact landslide susceptibility assessment? d A catchment-scale case study from China

The aim of this study is to investigate the impacts of the sampling strategy of landslide and non-landslide on the performance of landslide susceptibility assessment(LSA).The study area is the Feiyun catchment in Wenzhou City,Southeast China.Two types of landslides samples,combined with seven non-landslide sampling strategies,resulted in a total of 14 scenarios.The corresponding landslide susceptibility map(LSM)for each scenario was generated using the random forest model.The receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve and statistical indicators were calculated and used to assess the impact of the dataset sampling strategy.The results showed that higher accuracies were achieved when using the landslide core as positive samples,combined with non-landslide sampling from the very low zone or buffer zone.The results reveal the influence of landslide and non-landslide sampling strategies on the accuracy of LSA,which provides a reference for subsequent researchers aiming to obtain a more reasonable LSM.

Overview of the immunological mechanisms in hepatitis B virus reactivation:Implications for disease progression and management strategies

Hepatitis B virus(HBV)reactivation is a clinically significant challenge in disease management.This review explores the immunological mechanisms underlying HBV reactivation,emphasizing disease progression and management.It delves into host immune responses and reactivation’s delicate balance,spanning innate and adaptive immunity.Viral factors’disruption of this balance,as are interac-tions between viral antigens,immune cells,cytokine networks,and immune checkpoint pathways,are examined.Notably,the roles of T cells,natural killer cells,and antigen-presenting cells are discussed,highlighting their influence on disease progression.HBV reactivation’s impact on disease severity,hepatic flares,liver fibrosis progression,and hepatocellular carcinoma is detailed.Management strategies,including anti-viral and immunomodulatory approaches,are critically analyzed.The role of prophylactic anti-viral therapy during immunosuppressive treatments is explored alongside novel immunotherapeutic interventions to restore immune control and prevent reactivation.In conclusion,this compre-hensive review furnishes a holistic view of the immunological mechanisms that propel HBV reactivation.With a dedicated focus on understanding its implic-ations for disease progression and the prospects of efficient management stra-tegies,this article contributes significantly to the knowledge base.The more profound insights into the intricate interactions between viral elements and the immune system will inform evidence-based approaches,ultimately enhancing disease management and elevating patient outcomes.The dynamic landscape of management strategies is critically scrutinized,spanning anti-viral and immunomodulatory approaches.The role of prophylactic anti-viral therapy in preventing reactivation during immunosuppressive treatments and the potential of innovative immunotherapeutic interventions to restore immune control and proactively deter reactivation.

基于改进MLS算法的偏振调制激光测距方法

偏振调制激光测距方法是一种利用激光的偏振特性测量目标物体距离的高精度、高分辨率测距技术。但是,由于多种干扰因素的存在,例如多次反射、散射和杂散光,其测量精度和可靠性存在限制。提出了一种基于移动最小二乘(moving least square,MLS)算法的偏振调制激光测距方法,可以将离散点云数据转换为连续的曲面,并实现数据的平滑和去噪,从而提高了测量精度和可靠性。实验结果表明,该方法在测距精度和抗干扰性方面具有优异的性能,可以满足实际应用的要求。

心理疏导及认知干预对提升400 mL献血率的影响

目的 探讨心理疏导和认知干预对提升400 mL献血率的影响。方法 选取2021年1月—2023年8月青岛市中心血站西海岸第一献血服务部的24 700名志愿者参与研究,按献血时间先后顺序进行分组,其中2021年1月—2022年4月接受常规健康教育的12 350名志愿者为对照组,2022年5月—2023年8月接受心理疏导和认知干预的12 350名志愿者为试验组。比较2组志愿者的献血知识知晓率、400 mL献血率、焦虑和抗拒情绪评分、献血满意度。结果 试验组献血知识知晓率为99.24%,400 mL献血率为85.11%,均高于对照组的98.61%、81.85%(P <0.05);试验组干预后的焦虑和抗拒情绪评分均低于对照组(P <0.05);试验组献血总满意度高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P <0.05)。结论 心理疏导和认知干预在提升400 mL献血率、减轻焦虑和抗拒情绪方面具有显著效果;这些干预方法不仅在促进献血行为方面有潜在应用,还能提升献血体验的满意度。

LDAS&ET-AD:Learnable Distillation Attack Strategies and Evolvable Teachers Adversarial Distillation

Adversarial distillation(AD)has emerged as a potential solution to tackle the challenging optimization problem of loss with hard labels in adversarial training.However,fixed sample-agnostic and student-egocentric attack strategies are unsuitable for distillation.Additionally,the reliability of guidance from static teachers diminishes as target models become more robust.This paper proposes an AD method called Learnable Distillation Attack Strategies and Evolvable Teachers Adversarial Distillation(LDAS&ET-AD).Firstly,a learnable distillation attack strategies generating mechanism is developed to automatically generate sample-dependent attack strategies tailored for distillation.A strategy model is introduced to produce attack strategies that enable adversarial examples(AEs)to be created in areas where the target model significantly diverges from the teachers by competing with the target model in minimizing or maximizing the AD loss.Secondly,a teacher evolution strategy is introduced to enhance the reliability and effectiveness of knowledge in improving the generalization performance of the target model.By calculating the experimentally updated target model’s validation performance on both clean samples and AEs,the impact of distillation from each training sample and AE on the target model’s generalization and robustness abilities is assessed to serve as feedback to fine-tune standard and robust teachers accordingly.Experiments evaluate the performance of LDAS&ET-AD against different adversarial attacks on the CIFAR-10 and CIFAR-100 datasets.The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method achieves a robust precision of 45.39%and 42.63%against AutoAttack(AA)on the CIFAR-10 dataset for ResNet-18 and MobileNet-V2,respectively,marking an improvement of 2.31%and 3.49%over the baseline method.In comparison to state-of-the-art adversarial defense techniques,our method surpasses Introspective Adversarial Distillation,the top-performing method in terms of robustness under AA attack for the CIFAR-10 dataset,with enhancements of 1.40%and 1.43%for ResNet-18 and MobileNet-V2,respectively.These findings demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed method in enhancing the robustness of deep learning networks(DNNs)against prevalent adversarial attacks when compared to other competing methods.In conclusion,LDAS&ET-AD provides reliable and informative soft labels to one of the most promising defense methods,AT,alleviating the limitations of untrusted teachers and unsuitable AEs in existing AD techniques.We hope this paper promotes the development of DNNs in real-world trust-sensitive fields and helps ensure a more secure and dependable future for artificial intelligence systems.

Interpretation of Chinese Expert Consensus on the Diagnosis and Management Strategy of Patients with Statin Intolerance: A guiding file for helping to lipid management for Chinese population

It is well-known that elevated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C)is a causal risk factor for atheroscler-otic cardiovascular disease(ASCVD),statins are cornerstone drugs for the cause-based treatment of ASCVD,which has created a new era for ASCVD therapy.However,statin intolerance is not clinically uncommon,which there are several issues with confu-sion and misunderstandings.Hence,a file named Chinese Expert Consensus on the Diagnosis and Management Strategy of Pa-tients With Statin Intolerance,like a navigator,has recently been published written by a team of experts from the Cardiovascular Metabolic Medicine Professional Committee,Expert Committee of the National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases aiming to en-hance the standardized clinical application of statins and improve the prevention and clinical outcome.In this article,author briefly summarized the key points of above consensus in order to helping to comprehending the content of the consensus sugges-tions.

基于DBSCAN-ML的液压风力发电机故障诊断研究

传统风力发电机对于系统故障的解决方案是有限和预先确定的,而具有大量传感器数据的故障预测诊断可以有效预防可能发生的系统故障,从而降低设备维护成本。为此,提出一种基于DBSCAN-ML的风力发电机故障诊断策略。基于密度的应用噪声算法空间聚类(DBSCAN)从正常状态数据中分类出异常状态的风力机数据,然后采用决策树和随机森林算法2种机器学习(ML)算法构建预测模型,最后使用K折交叉验证进行测试。通过广西31台风力发电机组数据对此故障诊断方案进行案例验证。结果表明:DBSCAN算法可以有效分离异常状态数据,且决策树预测模型和随机森林模型可以分别获得92.7%和92.1%的准确率,通过数据挖掘和建模可以检测风力发电机组的故障,并可以预测部件的维护需求。

Eradication Treatment of Helicobacter pylori Infection: Evaluation of Therapeutic Strategies in N’Djamena

Background: Helicobacter pylori (Hp) infection is the most widespread bacterial infection in the world. The infection is generally acquired in childhood, but can persist into adulthood. Eradication therapy has undergone several modifications. The aim of this study was to evaluate the different therapeutic strategies used in the eradication of Helicobacter pylori infection in the Centre Hospitalier Universitaire La Reference Nationale of N’Djaména. Patients and Methods: This was a prospective, descriptive analytical study spread over one year, from September 2021 to September 2022. Patients at least 15 years of age presenting with dyspeptic symptoms, seen consecutively in a hepato-gastroenterology consultation and with a positive stool test for H. pylori infection, were included in the study. Equally, 1/3 of patients were treated with dual or triple therapy. The remaining third received quadritherapy. Results: A total of 268 patients were included in the study (mean age 38.40 ± 14.66 with extremes of 16 and 80 years). Males predominated in 58% of cases. Overall therapeutic efficacy was 88.9%. According to different therapeutic strategies, efficacy was 90.75% for dual therapy with PPI (Rabeprazole) and Amoxicillin. On the other hand, efficacy was 87% and 88.88% for PPI-based triple therapy and dual antibiotic therapy, and for PPI-based quadruple therapy and triple antibiotic therapy. Conclusion: H. pylori infection is a common disease in Chad. Dual therapy with rabeprazole combined with a high dose of amoxicillin over a period of at least two weeks showed similar if not better efficacy than triple or quadruple therapy.

Dynamic foraging strategy adaptation to heterogeneous environments contributes to social aggregation in snub-nosed monkeys

The dynamics of animal social structures are heavily influenced by environmental patterns of competition and cooperation.In folivorous colobine primates,prevailing theories suggest that larger group sizes should be favored in rainforests with a year-round abundance of food,thereby reducing feeding competition.Yet,paradoxically,larger groups are frequently found in high-altitude or high-latitude montane ecosystems characterized by a seasonal scarcity of leaves.This contradiction is posited to arise from cooperative benefits in heterogeneous environments.To investigate this hypothesis,we carried out a six-year field study on two neighboring groups of golden snub-nosed monkey(Rhinopithecus roxellana),a species representing the northernmost distribution of colobine primates.Results showed that the groups adjusted their movement and habitat selection in response to fluctuating climates and spatiotemporal variability of resources,indicative of a dynamic foraging strategy.Notably,during the cold,resource-scarce conditions in winter,the large group occupied food-rich habitats but did not exhibit significantly longer daily travel distances than the smaller neighboring group.Subsequently,we compiled an eco-behavioral dataset of 52 colobine species to explore their evolutionary trajectories.Analysis of this dataset suggested that the increase in group size may have evolved via home range expansion in response to the cold and heterogeneous climates found at higher altitudes or latitudes.Hence,we developed a multi-benefits framework to interpret the formation of larger groups by integrating environmental heterogeneity.In cold and diverse environments,even smaller groups require larger home ranges to meet their dynamic survival needs.The spatiotemporal distribution of high-quality resources within these expanded home ranges facilitates more frequent interactions between groups,thereby encouraging social aggregation into larger groups.This process enhances the benefits of collaborative actions and reproductive opportunities,while simultaneously optimizing travel costs through a dynamic foraging strategy.

Accurate models and nutritional strategies for specific oxidative stress factors: Does the dose matter in swine production?

Oxidative stress has been associated with a number of physiological problems in swine,including reduced production efficiency.Recently,although there has been increased research into regulatory mechanisms and antioxidant strategies in relation to oxidative stress-induced pig production,it remains so far largely unsuccessful to develop accurate models and nutritional strategies for specific oxidative stress factors.Here,we discuss the dose and dose intensity of the causes of oxidative stress involving physiological,environmental and dietary factors,recent research models and the antioxidant strategies to provide theoretical guidance for future oxidative stress research in swine.

Practice of Infection Prevention and Control Strategies in Risk Departments during the COVID-19 Epidemic

Objective: To explore the practice and application of infection prevention and control strategies in risk departments during the COVID-19 epidemic, and to formulate the infection prevention and control measures to provide advice and guidance in risk departments. Methods: According to the latest plan of diagnosis and treatment, prevention and control issued by the National Health Commission, expert advice and consensus, combined with the actual situation in our hospital, a series of infection prevention and control measures of COVID-19 in risk department was formulated. Results: During the epidemic period, the prevention and control measures of nine risk departments including emergency operation, anesthesiology, endoscopy center, blood purification center, otolaryngology, stomatology, medical imaging department, medical cosmetology department and pulmonary function room were established from six aspects, including pre-examination and screening, medical technology control, personnel management, personal protection, environmental disinfection, medical waste disposal, etc. Conclusion: During the epidemic period, the infection prevention and control strategy of risk departments is one of the key links to control the spread of the epidemic, and risk departments must pay attention to and strictly implement various infection prevention and control measures.