Research advances on transfer zones in rift basins and their influence on hydrocarbon accumulation

Transfer zones are structural areas of faults interactions where fault motion or displacement can be transferred from one fault to another, regional strain maintains laterally constant. Transfer zones are widely developed in rift basins and have significance on hydrocarbon accumulation. In this review article, we attempt to summarize recent advances on the types, distance-displacement curves, evolutionary stages and controlling factors of transfer zones in rift basins and their effects on sedimentary systems, reservoir properties, trap formation and hydrocarbon migration. The formation of transfer zones is genetically related to the segmented growth of normal faults. Depending on the degree of interaction between these normal faults, transfer zones in rift basins could be divided into two types: soft-linked and hard-linked, which are further subdivided into transfer slope, oblique anticline, horst and transfer fault based on the combination patterns of normal faults. In general, the development of transfer zones experiences several stages including isolated normal faulting, transfer slope forming, complicating and breaking. During the interaction and growth of segmented normal faults, stress-strain and spatial array of faults, pre-existing basement structures, and mechanical conditions of rocks have a great influence on the location and development processes of transfer zones. A transfer zone is commonly considered as a pathway for conveying sediments from provenance to basin, and it hence exerts an essential control on the distribution of sandbodies. In addition, transfer zone is the area where stresses are concentrated, which facilitates the formation of various types of structural traps, and it is also a favorable conduit for hydrocarbon migration. Consequently, there exists great hydrocarbon potentials in transfer zones to which more attention should be given.

Petroleum geology and sub-source hydrocarbon accumulation of Permian reservoirs in Jinan Sag,eastern Junggar Basin,NW China

According to the latest drilling and the analysis of the burial history,source rock evolution history and hydrocarbon accumulation history,the sub-source hydrocarbon accumulation characteristics of the Permian reservoirs in the Jinan Sag,eastern Junggar Basin,are clarified,and the hydrocarbon accumulation model of these reservoirs is established.The results are obtained in four aspects.First,the main body of the thick salified lake basin source rocks in the Lucaogou Formation has reached the mature stage with abundant resource base.Large-scale reservoirs are developed in the Jingjingzigou,Wutonggou and Lucaogou formations.Vertically,there are multiple sets of good regional seals,the source-reservoir-caprock assemblage is good,and there are three reservoir-forming assemblages:sub-source,intra-source and above-source.Second,dissolution,hydrocarbon charging and pore-preserving effect,and presence of chlorite film effectively increase the sub-source pore space.Oil charging is earlier than the time when the reservoir becomes densified,which improves the efficiency of hydrocarbon accumulation.Third,buoyancy and source-reservoir pressure difference together constitute the driving force of oil charging,and the micro-faults within the formation give the advantage of"source-reservoir lateral docking"under the source rock.Microfractures can be critical channels for efficient seepage and continuous charging of oil in different periods.Fourth,the Jingjingzigou Formation experienced three periods of oil accumulation in the Middle-Late Permian,Middle-Late Jurassic and Late Neogene,with the characteristics of long-distance migration and accumulation in early stage,mixed charging and accumulation in middle stage and short-distance migration and high-position accumulation in late stage.The discovery and theoretical understanding of the Permian reservoirs in the Jinan Sag reveal that the thrust belt has good conditions for forming large reservoirs,and it is promising for exploration.The study results are of guidance and reference significance for oil and gas exploration in the Jinan Sag and other geologically similar areas.

Hydrocarbon migration and accumulation along the fault intersection zone-a case study on the reef-flat systems of the No.1 slope break zone in the Tazhong area, Tarim Basin

Understanding hydrocarbon migration and accumulation mechanisms is one of the key scientif ic problems that should be solved for effective hydrocarbon exploration in the superimposed basins developed in northwest China. The northwest striking No.1 slope break zone, which is a representative of superimposed basins in the Tarim Basin, can be divided into five parts due to the intersection of the northeast strike-slip faults. Controlled by the tectonic framework, the types and properties of reservoirs and the hydrocarbon compositions can also be divided into five parts from east to west. Anomalies of all the parameters were found on the fault intersection zone and weakened up-dip along the structural ridge away from it. Thus, it can be inferred that the intersection zone is the hydrocarbon charging position. This new conclusion differs greatly from the traditional viewpoint, which believes that the hydrocarbon migrates and accumulates along the whole plane of the No.1 slope break zone. The viewpoint is further supported by the evidence from the theory of main pathway systems, obvious improvement of the reservoir quality （2-3 orders of magnitude at the intersection zone） and the formation mechanisms of the fault intersection zone. Differential hydrocarbon migration and entrapment exists in and around the strike- slip faults. This is controlled by the internal structure of faults. It is concluded that the more complicated the fault structure is, the more significant the effects will be. If there is a deformation band, it will hinder the cross fault migration due to the common feature of two to four orders of magnitude reduction in permeability. Otherwise, hydrocarbons tend to accumulate in the up-dip structure under the control of buoyancy. Further research on the internal fault structure should be emphasized.

Fault characteristics and control on hydrocarbon accumulation of middle-shallow layers in the slope zone of Mahu sag, Junggar Basin, NW China

The development, evolution and formation mechanism of faults and their control on the migration and accumulation of Mesozoic oil and gas in the middle-shallow layers of the slope zone of Mahu sag were studied by the interpretation of seismic and drilling data. Two types of faults, normal and strike-slip, are developed in the middle-shallow layers of the slope zone of the Mahu sag and they are mostly active in the Yanshanian period. They are divided into four grade faults: The grade I strike-slip faults with NWW to near EW direction are related to the left-lateral transpressive fault zones in the northwest of Junggar Basin since the end of the Triassic. The grade II faults with NE to NNE direction are the normal faults located at the junction of the fault zone and the slope zone, and their formation is related to the extension at the top of the nose-like structures in the fault zone. The grade III faults, which are also the normal faults, are the result of the extension at the top of the lower uplifts in the slope zone and differential compaction. The grade IV faults with NE direction are normal faults, which may be related to the extension environment at the tip of the lower uplifts. Faults not only are the channel for the vertical migration of oil and gas, but also control the oil-gas accumulation. There are two types of oil-gas reservoirs in the middle-shallow layers of slope zone of Mahu sag: fault block reservoirs and fault-lithologic reservoirs. They have large traps and promising exploration potential.

Evolution of a hydrodynamic field and its effect on hydrocarbon accumulation in the Biyang depression, Henan province

The hydro-geologic stages in the Biyang Depression, Henan Province, were defined and factors controlling the evolution of the hydrodynamic field in this area were analyzed. The evolution of the paleo-hydrodynamic field was studied by using the method of sedimentary-water-head and the changing patterns of the present hydrodynamic field as determined from measured pressure data. The results show that the evolution of the hydrodynamic field is one of inheritance and that it controls hydrocarbon accumulation. The deposition center in the southeast of the depression is always a high-value zone for water-head and a dynamic- source zone of the hydrodynamic field. The slope zone in the northwest of the depression is always a low-value zone for water-head and is the main discharge area for groundwater; this is the hydrocarbon accumulation zone. Hydrocarbon accumulation is controlled by the hydrodynamic field. The reservoir shows a ring-shaped horizontal pattern. Accumulation occurs in a pressure equilibrium zone at the frontal surface between sedimentary water and infiltrating water. The hydrocarbon accumulations occur in two vertically different discharge units, Eh31 and Eh32, under the action of overpressure.

Development and exploration practice of the concept of hydrocarbon accumulation in rifted-basin troughs: A case study of Paleogene Kongdian Formation in Cangdong sag, Bohai Bay Basin

Based on the merged 3 D seismic data, well logging, formation testing, analysis and testing data, the structural evolution, sedimentary reservoirs, thermal evolution of source rocks were investigated of Paleogene Kongdian Formation in the trough area of Cangdong sag, Bohai Bay Basin. A conventional-unconventional hydrocarbon accumulation pattern in the trough area of rifted basin was revealed. The reservoir forming elements in the trough area of Cangdong sag have a zonation feature in terms of reservoirs and source rocks. There are two types of reservoir forming models, primary trough and reformed trough. The formation and evolution of trough controlled the orderly distribution of conventional oil to unconventional oil in the trough. Particularly, structural reservoirs occur in the upper part of the trough, stratigraphic-lithologic reservoirs are likely to form in the delta front deposits at the outer ring of trough, the middle ring transitional belt is the favorable site for tight oil reservoirs, while the fine grain deposits zone in the inner ring is shale oil and gas exploration area. The study has pointed out the new domains and directions for searching reserves in the secondary exploration of mature oilfields.

辽河坳陷陈家断裂带北部构造演化解析及油气成藏

辽河坳陷陈家断裂带油气资源丰富,是辽河西部凹陷北段重要的含油气区带之一。基于构造演化解析,结合砂箱物理模拟实验,分析了辽河坳陷陈家断裂带的变形机制和演化过程,并指出其对油气成藏的控制作用。研究结果表明:(1)辽河坳陷陈家断裂带具有分段发育特征,且活动时期具有“先北后南”的演化特征,受断层分段性影响,陈家断裂带主要发育压扭背冲构造样式和走滑压扭构造样式。(2)物理模拟实验结果显示,台安—大洼断裂上盘在压扭作用影响下首先形成压扭性质的雁行小断裂,随着位移增大,小断裂逐渐连接,最终形成了贯穿型走滑断裂带,即陈家断裂带。(3)台安洼陷为新生代多期次构造变形叠加形成的洼陷,深层发育主力烃源岩层系,具备发育大规模油气藏的物质基础,洼陷边缘的钻井岩心分析结果显示,烃源岩TOC值为4.79%,Ro为0.3%~0.4%,属于好—较好烃源岩,推测洼陷中心厚度更大,质量更优。陈家断裂带中北部下盘发育断鼻构造,具备陈家洼陷和台安洼陷双源供烃的特点,是油气聚集的有利场所。

中国小克拉通构造分异与古老海相碳酸盐岩油气富集规律

以古生界为主的海相碳酸盐岩是我国陆上油气勘探的重点领域,勘探开发成效显著。随着勘探不断发展,超深层、更古老海相层系油气成藏富集规律的认识面临挑战。本文从古老小克拉通盆地构造分异的角度,剖析油气成藏富集规律。通过对四川、塔里木和鄂尔多斯等克拉通盆地演化过程中的构造分异作用研究,认为克拉通盆地构造分异对沉积、成储与成藏组合有显著的控制作用。构造分异控制的三类油气聚集带是未来超深层海相碳酸盐岩油气勘探的重点领域。

鄂尔多斯盆地风险勘探领域油气成藏认识新进展与勘探潜力

近年来,通过创新地质认识,突出风险勘探、强化规模勘探、精细效益勘探,鄂尔多斯盆地油气勘探取得丰硕成果;2020—2022年,年产量均超过6000×10^(4)t油当量,其中风险勘探在“四新”领域的探索过程中发挥了重要作用。在前期研究工作的基础上,通过深化奥陶系盐下、二叠系太原组石灰岩、三叠系延长组长7段页岩油等领域油气成藏条件分析,创新形成“盐下源内白云岩丘滩体含气新系统”“太原组石灰岩‘三明治’成藏模式”“长73纹层型页岩油甜点标准和特有工艺改造技术”等成藏认识和技术成果,成为“十五五”及中长期油气勘探的接替领域。同时,突出“向源、向新、向深”的勘探理念,按重点攻关和区带准备两个层次,重新认识盆地低勘探程度区带油气成藏特征与勘探潜力,指出了今后一个时期风险勘探领域的前景与方向。其中重点攻关方向为已经发现勘探苗头且资源潜力较大的领域,优选出奥陶系海相页岩气、延长组下组合、煤系致密气及元古宇长城系等主要方向;区带准备则针对具备基本油气成藏条件,但研究程度较低且勘探难度较大的领域,提出中央古隆起周缘寒武系、西缘复杂构造区及盆地东部盐下马家沟组马三段—马二段新层系等具有较大勘探潜力目标。通过风险勘探领域的地质认识、成果总结和潜力分析,将实现盆地后备油气勘探区带的有序接替,以及起到对长庆油田二次加快发展战略需求重要的指导作用。

塔里木盆地库车南斜坡托探1井油气勘探重大突破及意义

塔里木盆地库车坳陷南部斜坡带温宿—西秋地区托探1井在寒武系潜山白云岩储层获得重大突破,对库车南斜坡迎烃面多目的层潜山勘探具有重要意义。受制于地质条件复杂,该地区的油气富集规律认识不清、地质结构落实及圈闭刻画难度大,制约了潜山油气勘探。基于构造特征、潜山地层分布、生—储—盖组合、油气输导体系及勘探实践的系统分析,探讨了潜山油气成藏新模式。温宿—西秋地区古生界构造为受前冲断裂沙井子—西秋断裂和反冲断裂乌什南断裂控制的背冲式构造,F1和F2两条次级反冲断裂使得背冲构造复杂化,形成3排古生界潜山构造,每排构造自近断层到远断层区古生界潜山地层由老变新。其中寒武系潜山地层分布范围最广、呈北东东向大面积展布,潜山储层以局限台地颗粒滩相白云岩为主,受多期构造活动、长时期暴露溶蚀叠加改造,裂缝—孔洞型白云岩优质储层规模连片发育。潜山油气藏表现为三叠系黄山街组和侏罗系恰克马克组泥岩联合供烃、裂缝—孔洞型白云岩成储、上覆古近系膏盐岩封盖的生—储—盖组合样式;成藏具有“库车油气远源供烃、不整合面输导、迎烃面构造富集”的特征,主要成藏期在喜马拉雅晚期(4—1Ma)。托探1井的成功钻探,证实了温宿—西秋地区多排多类型潜山巨大的勘探潜力,重新刻画潜山圈闭面积近840km2、石油资源量约2.0×10^(8)t、天然气资源量约590×10^(8)m^(3),有望成为油气增储上产新的战略接替区。

塔里木盆地顺北地区克拉通内走滑断裂带中-下奥陶统储集体方解石脉形成及其与油气充注耦合关系

塔里木盆地顺北油气田为克拉通内走滑断裂多期活动控制下形成的碳酸盐岩超深层油气田,不同断裂带及同一走滑断裂带不同分段的油气性质和油气丰度等均存在显著差异。基于岩心和岩石薄片观察以及阴极发光、微区原位微量元素-稀土元素、流体包裹体的系统分析,对塔里木盆地顺北1号和顺北5号走滑断裂带中-下奥陶统储集体中的裂缝脉体序次、成脉流体来源及其与油气充注耦合关系进行研究,并结合走滑断裂演化过程和油气分布特征,探讨了顺北地区油气差异聚集的控制因素。结果表明:顺北1号和顺北5号走滑断裂带中-下奥陶统至少发育4期方解石脉体(Cal-1,Cal-2,Cal-3,Cal-4)。Cal-1成脉流体主要为海源性流体,Cal-2,Cal-3和Cal-4成脉流体来源于同地层成岩流体。Cal-2,Cal-3和Cal-4脉体的形成分别与加里东晚期—海西早期、海西晚期—印支期、燕山期—喜马拉雅期构造活动和油气充注相伴生。不同断裂带油气充注过程存在差异,顺北5号断裂带主充注期为海西晚期—印支期,顺北1号断裂带主充注期为海西晚期—印支期及燕山期—喜马拉雅期。走滑断裂构造样式及演化历史控制下的油气差异充注过程是顺北地区油气差异聚集的关键。

准噶尔盆地南缘中段第一、二排构造演化与油气成藏

盆-山转换带一直是构造地质研究的重点及难点,开展其构造样式、形成演化及成藏过程解析,对揭示山前复杂构造的控藏作用、指导盆-山转换带的油气勘探均具有重要意义.综合运用地震资料解释、断层活动定量分析、流体包裹体均一温度测定等手段,结合构造物理模拟实验,对准噶尔盆地南缘中段第一、二排构造特征、演化过程、形成机制及控藏机理进行了综合研究.结果表明:南缘中段第一、二排构造主要发育基底卷入与盖层滑脱断层控制的双重构造样式.侏罗纪末期,齐古-昌吉褶皱带初具雏形;古近纪末期,霍玛吐褶皱带开始形成;第四纪,褶皱带被断裂强烈改造,形成断褶带,滑脱层对应力向盆内传递起重要作用.南缘中段发育多套烃源岩,形成了多期差异性的以“自生自储”和“古生新储”为主要组合模式的成藏过程.

北部湾盆地海中凹陷成藏关键要素及成藏模式

海中凹陷经几十年勘探虽点上有发现,但因成藏关键要素不明勘探陷入了停滞。该文为寻求其勘探规模突破方向,在成凹、成烃研究的基础上,深化成藏关键要素研究,建立了海中凹陷成藏模式,指出了规模突破的勘探有利区带。研究认为:海中凹陷油气成藏关键要素是近生烃中心、圈源时空匹配佳、油气输导条件好、优质储层发育。北部陡坡带是各成藏关键要素匹配最佳区,是海中最有利的勘探区带。研究成果为寻求海中凹陷规模油气突破指明了方向。

断陷盆地顺向断阶带油气充注期次与成藏模式——以渤海湾盆地歧口凹陷埕北断阶带为例

我国东部断陷湖盆多发育断阶带构造,其中顺向断阶带比例较高,其时空配置关系和油气成藏期次、成藏条件对区域油气勘探地质评价起着关键性作用,但研究难度大。渤海湾盆地歧口凹陷埕北断阶带是具有典型意义的顺向断阶带,为了进一步明确其油气成藏模式和充注期次,以古近系东营组和沙河街组为主要目的层,选取歧东3-1井、张10井和埕海16井分别代表断阶区的低、中、高断阶,通过储层显微岩相观察、流体包裹体鉴定、盐水包裹体均一温度和盐度测试、GOI统计分析等技术,对埕北各区不同充注期的油气性质和分布规律进行了研究;应用激光拉曼测试对张10井和歧东3-1井单个包裹体的气体成分进行有效识别,结合歧东3-1井单井埋藏史、古地温史图和自生伊利石K-Ar同位素测年技术,确定出埕北断阶区的具体油气成藏时间,并在调研和样品实验的基础上总结了埕北区的烃源岩、储集层、保存和运聚4个成藏要素条件。研究区储层存在2期充注:第一期油气具体成藏时间在东营末期—馆陶初期,约16 Ma左右;第二期成藏时间在明化镇初期,从6 Ma左右开始延续至今。研究区具有多套生储盖层,发育的断阶构造对源储的沟通和油气的封堵、保存和运聚成藏起到控制作用;区域成藏条件较为成熟,在油气成藏过程中体现出双源供烃、多期成藏的横向运聚模式和断砂耦合、接力爬坡的纵向运聚模式。

准噶尔盆地东部吉南凹陷二叠系油气地质条件与源下成藏特征

基于最新钻井资料,结合埋藏史、成烃史、成藏史剖析,明确源下成藏特征,构建准噶尔盆地吉南凹陷二叠系成藏模式。研究表明:(1)吉南凹陷二叠系芦草沟组厚层咸化湖盆相优质烃源岩主体达到成熟阶段,资源基础雄厚;井井子沟组、梧桐沟组和芦草沟组均发育规模储集体,且纵向上存在多套良好的区域盖层,生-储-盖配置良好,存在源下、源内、源上3种成藏组合。(2)溶蚀作用、烃类充注保孔作用及绿泥石膜的存在,有效增加了源下储集空间,原油先充注、储集层后致密的特征提高了成藏的有效性。(3)浮力和源-储压差共同构成源下成藏的充注动力,地层内部微小错断使其具有“源-储侧向对接”的优势,微裂缝在各成藏期均可成为原油高效渗流和持续充注的重要通道。(4)井井子沟组经历中晚二叠世、中晚侏罗世和新近纪晚期共3期成藏,具有“早期远距离运聚成藏-中期原油混注成藏-晚期近距离充注高点成藏”的特征。吉南凹陷二叠系油藏的勘探发现与理论认识揭示了冲断带具备形成大油田的优越条件,具有良好勘探前景。研究成果对该区及地质条件类似地区的油气勘探具有启示和借鉴意义。

长岭断陷龙凤山地区断裂与火石岭组火山岩油气运聚关系

龙凤山地区是长岭断陷重要的油气富集区,已发现油气多分布于断裂带附近,探讨断裂与油气运聚的关系具有重要意义。结合地震、测井、岩心、镜下薄片、流体包裹体观察及测温等资料,在断裂静态特征与断裂带结构识别研究基础上,综合分析断面形态、断裂活动特征与油气运聚的关系。研究结果表明,断裂的诱导裂缝带发育大量裂缝,有效地改善火山岩的物性,断裂可作为输导油气的优势运移通道;Ⅰ级断层的“汇聚型”断面形态控制油气主要富集位置;断层活动性与第一期成藏期匹配良好,断裂可作为输导油气的优势通道,后期断裂带裂缝被石英、方解石所充填,断裂对火山岩油气藏主要起封闭作用。

断层封闭性演化地球化学评价方法及其控藏作用——以准噶尔盆地西北缘红车断裂带为例

断层封闭性评价对油气成藏研究具有重要的指导意义,但是断层封闭性演化和油气动态成藏有机结合的研究却较少。为此,以准噶尔盆地西北缘红车断裂带为例,利用烃源岩生物标志化合物、生烃热模拟产物特征、原油色谱色质、碳同位素、轻烃等地球化学实验分析技术,建立了断层封闭性演化地球化学评价方法,揭示了不同地质历史时期断层封闭性差异演化对油气运聚成藏的控制作用。研究结果表明:①红车断裂带断层侧向封闭性控制了断层上/下盘原油性质差异。②晚三叠世—早侏罗世,断层侧向对油气不封闭,下二叠统风城组烃源岩成熟阶段原油运移至上盘石炭系遭受生物降解形成高密度重质油;晚侏罗世—早白垩世,断层侧向对油封闭,对气不封闭,风城组高成熟原油和中二叠统下乌尔禾组成熟原油在下盘聚集成藏。③不同地质历史时期断层对不同流体封闭性差异是红车断裂带油藏伴生气普遍为干气的主要原因。④断层封闭性演化可以划分为开启、弱封闭、中封闭、强封闭4个演化阶段,分别控制了油气散失、上盘油藏遭受生物降解、下盘油藏聚集天然气散失、晚期干气捕获4个成藏过程,前3个阶段导致成熟—高成熟阶段天然气散失,晚期强封闭阶段干气大规模聚集,形成了重质油、中质油、轻质油、干气并存的油气分布复杂现象。结论认为,建立的断裂封闭性动态演化历程的地球化学评价方法,对复杂地区多源多期油气勘探开发具有重要的指导意义。

辽河坳陷东部滩海深层—超深层天然气勘探重大发现及意义

随着勘探开发程度的日益提高,“深层—超深层能否突破”已成为制约中国东部老油区稳定发展的重要科学问题。矿权面积较小的辽河油田该问题尤其突出,对于湖盆狭长、资料品质较差的辽河坳陷深层难度极大。通过区域构造演化分析及生烃、成藏两大动力学研究,明确了辽河坳陷东部滩海成盆、成烃、成藏机制。原始湖盆为箕状结构,受其控制主力烃源岩具有“深、大、广”分布特征;深层发育干酪根热解、原油裂解两种成因的成熟—高成熟天然气,资源潜力大;沉积充填序列中的多套泥质岩类与早期走滑剪切断层双因素耦合造就深层—超深层为独立的“流体封存箱”,具有自生自储、旁生侧储两种运聚方式的成藏模式,具备大中型天然气田形成的有利地质条件。风险探井葵探1井取得勘探重大突破,对进一步深化辽河坳陷乃至断陷盆地深层—超深层油气勘探具有重大实践和成藏理论指导意义。

Hydrocarbon accumulation conditions and key exploration and development technologies for PL 19-3 oilfield

The PL 19e3 Oilfield is the only super-large monolithic oilfield with oil and gas reserves up to 1×10^(9) t in the Bohai Bay Basin,and it has been successfully developed.Exploration and development practices have provided abundant data for analyzing formation conditions of this super-large oilfield.On the basis of the exploration and development history,fundamental reservoir features,and with available geological,geophysical and test data,the hydrocarbon accumulation conditions and key exploration&development technologies of the PL 19e3 Oilfield were discussed.The key conditions for forming the super-large Neogene oilfield include four aspects.Firstly,the oilfield is located at the high position of the uplift that contacts the brachy-axis of the multi-ridge slope in the biggest hydrocarbon-rich sag in the Bohai Bay Basin,thus it has sufficient hydrocarbon source and extremely superior hydrocarbon migration condition.Secondly,the large-scale torsional anticlines which formed in the Neogene under the control of the Tanlu strike-slipping movement provide sufficient storage spaces for oil and gas preservation.Thirdly,the“multiple sets of composite reservoir-caprock assemblages”developing in the special shallow-water delta further contributes greatly to the effective storage space for oil and gas preservation.Fourthly,due to the coupling of the uplift and strike slip in the neotectonic period,extensive faulting activities constantly released the pressure while the late period massive hydrocarbon expulsion of the Bozhong took place at the same time,which assures the constant and intense charging of oil and gas.The super-large PL 19e3 Oilfield was controlled by the coupling effects of all those special geologic factors.In view of this oilfield's features(e.g.violently reformation caused by strike slip,and the special sedimentary environment of shallow-water delta),some key practical technologies for exploration and development have been developed.Such technologies include:the special prestack depth migration processing for gas cloud zones,the prediction of thin interbed reservoirs based on high-precision inversion of geologic model,the reservoir description for the shallow-water braided river delta,the quantitative description for remaining oil in the commingled oil reservoirs with wide well spacing and long well interval,and the well pattern adjustment for formations during high water cut period in the complex fluvial-facies oilfields.

冀中坳陷斜坡带奥陶系潜山油气成藏条件分析

研究工作依据实际资料和新的地质认识,对冀中坳陷文安斜坡和杨村斜坡奥陶系潜山带的构造格局及古潜山油气藏的形成条件进行了剖析。该区发育有正向和反向正断层,奥陶系地层形成一个地垒状潜山带,上覆石炭—二叠系地层,具有新生—古生—古储—中堵的成藏条件。石炭—二叠系煤系和下第三系泥岩为供烃源;不整合面、断面及北西向断裂为供油通道。油气成藏的主力因素储层的发育明显受白云石化、岩溶和构造破裂作用的控制,喜马拉雅期的岩溶作用是由活动断层导入岩溶水而得以进行的,因此,孔隙、裂隙相对富集的岩层与活动断层的匹配是潜山储层形成的关键地质条件。潜山古风化壳并不是制约储层发育的唯一因素。对该类储层的评价应构造分析与地层分析相结合。储集条件影响了油气的富集,长期活动的大断裂控制了油气的分布。