It is an important way for realizing sustainable development of sweet corn production to stabilize and improve soil fertility of cultivated land in sweet corn production region.Through the test of sweet corn straw dir...It is an important way for realizing sustainable development of sweet corn production to stabilize and improve soil fertility of cultivated land in sweet corn production region.Through the test of sweet corn straw directly returning to the field after 6seasons for 3years,the results showed that continuous single application of chemical fertilizer is not conducive to the stability of soil fertility and yield improvement,and implementation of straw returning could receive fertility,improve soil acidic conditions,and enhance the yield of sweet corn.Compared with before the test,the single application of chemical fertilizer increased soil available phosphorus,while the contents of soil organic matter,available nitrogen and available potassium decreased by 1.08,1.18 and 2.47mg/kg respectively,and the soil pH decreased by 0.15.Under the same fertilizer conditions,organic matter contents of single and double-season straw returning increased by 0.71 and 1.29g/kg,available nitrogen increased by 17.15 and 28.27mg/kg,available phosphorus increased by 0.96 and 1.73mg/kg,available potassium increased by 2.41 and 5.92mg/kg,the soil pH increased by 0.16 and 0.2.Compared with the single application of chemical fertilizer,the average yields of single and double-season straw returning increased by 7.5%and 11.8%,and their average income increased by 87.3and 117.1yuan of per mu(667m^2)respectively.展开更多
[Objectives]To alleviate the influence of meteorological conditions on soil environment(temperature and water content)and maintain high and stable grain yield.[Methods]Taking Sunzhen Experimental Station of Weinan Aca...[Objectives]To alleviate the influence of meteorological conditions on soil environment(temperature and water content)and maintain high and stable grain yield.[Methods]Taking Sunzhen Experimental Station of Weinan Academy of Agricultural Sciences as the experimental base,the effects of returning double-crop wheat and corn straw to field(Twm),returning single-crop corn straw to field(Tm),returning single-crop wheat straw to field(Tw)on soil temperature,water content,straw decomposition rate and nutrient release,soil organic matter and bulk density were studied systematically.[Results]Twm treatment could effectively alleviate the effects of meteorological conditions on soil temperature and water content.The decomposition rate of straw treated with Twm was 4.7%higher than that of Tm treatment,3.8%higher than that of Tw treatment,10.5%higher than that of Tm treatment,and the decomposition rate of straw showed a trend of"first fast,then slow and then fast".The release of nitrogen from straw was basically similar to that of straw decay,and the release of potassium and phosphorus increased at first and then remained basically unchanged.The release rate of potassium was the highest,followed by phosphorus and nitrogen.The content of soil organic matter in Twm treatment increased by 11.67%annually,an annual average of 0.998 g/kg.The soil bulk density of Twm treatment decreased by 0.058 g/cm^(3) annually,an annual average of 4.29%.The fundamental reason is that Twm treatment provides conditions(temperature,water content,nutrition)for microbial growth,reproduction,enzyme production and biochemical reaction,and increases the exchange capacity of soil and external water,heat,gas and fertilizer.[Conclusions]It is expected is to help people change their understanding of returning straw to field from"quick harvest"to"fertilizer transformation".展开更多
研究多元化种植模式下,不同前茬秸秆还田与水氮管理对水稻产量形成、干物质积累分配及氮素吸收利用的影响。2018—2019年以杂交稻F优498为材料,采用三因素裂裂区设计,主区设置油菜-水稻(Py)、小麦-水稻(Px)、青菜-水稻(Pq)3种种植模式...研究多元化种植模式下,不同前茬秸秆还田与水氮管理对水稻产量形成、干物质积累分配及氮素吸收利用的影响。2018—2019年以杂交稻F优498为材料,采用三因素裂裂区设计,主区设置油菜-水稻(Py)、小麦-水稻(Px)、青菜-水稻(Pq)3种种植模式秸秆还田,裂区设置常规淹水灌溉(W_(0))和干湿交替灌溉(W_(1))2种水分管理方式,裂裂区设置不施氮处理(N_(0))、常规施氮处理(N_(1))、精量减氮处理(N_(2))3个施氮水平,分析测定了拔节期、齐穗期和成熟期不同处理下秸秆还田的腐解率、氮素释放率、水稻各器官的干物质积累分配、植株氮素吸收利用以及籽粒产量。结果表明,Py的平均产量分别较Px、Pq增加2.55%、13.99%,主要原因是其有效穗数和千粒重较高;Py可促进各营养器官干物质和氮素积累,有利于干物质分配、提高茎鞘氮素贡献率和氮肥利用率,Py各时期的平均干物质积累总量、氮素积累总量分别比Px和Pq增加5.25%、7.48%和14.60%、17.30%,Py的氮肥偏生产力较Pq显著增加24.90%,但Py的秸秆腐解率和氮素释放率较低。3种模式下W1处理的水稻产量分别比W0处理增加5.10%(Py)、1.76%(Px)和4.80%(Pq),W1处理可促进秸秆腐解和氮素释放,促进干物质积累和氮素吸收转运,有利于Py和Px模式下的干物质分配,进而提高氮肥利用率。同一秸秆还田和水分管理下,N2处理可促进秸秆腐解和氮素释放,有利于干物质分配和氮素转运,提高了齐穗期、成熟期茎鞘和叶片氮素积累量,进而提高氮肥利用率,N2处理的产量、干物质积累量较N1处理略有下降,但二者差异不显著。综合考虑分析,油-稻种植模式下,油菜秸秆还田配合干湿交替灌溉与精量减氮(120 kg hm^(-2))有利于干物质积累分配、氮素吸收转运,进而提高氮肥农学利用率、氮肥偏生产力,并可节约20%氮肥投入,实现水稻稳产高效生产。展开更多
基金Supported by Huizhou Science and Technology Support Item(2011B040010010)
文摘It is an important way for realizing sustainable development of sweet corn production to stabilize and improve soil fertility of cultivated land in sweet corn production region.Through the test of sweet corn straw directly returning to the field after 6seasons for 3years,the results showed that continuous single application of chemical fertilizer is not conducive to the stability of soil fertility and yield improvement,and implementation of straw returning could receive fertility,improve soil acidic conditions,and enhance the yield of sweet corn.Compared with before the test,the single application of chemical fertilizer increased soil available phosphorus,while the contents of soil organic matter,available nitrogen and available potassium decreased by 1.08,1.18 and 2.47mg/kg respectively,and the soil pH decreased by 0.15.Under the same fertilizer conditions,organic matter contents of single and double-season straw returning increased by 0.71 and 1.29g/kg,available nitrogen increased by 17.15 and 28.27mg/kg,available phosphorus increased by 0.96 and 1.73mg/kg,available potassium increased by 2.41 and 5.92mg/kg,the soil pH increased by 0.16 and 0.2.Compared with the single application of chemical fertilizer,the average yields of single and double-season straw returning increased by 7.5%and 11.8%,and their average income increased by 87.3and 117.1yuan of per mu(667m^2)respectively.
基金Shaanxi Provincial Innovation Capability Support Program(2019XY-03)Key R&D Program of Shaanxi Province(2019ZDLN01-05-02)+2 种基金Guangxi Key R&D Program(GuiKe AB19259016)Project of Shaanxi Academy of Forestry Sciences(SXLK2020-0218)Xi'an Science and Technology Plan Project(20193051YF039NS039,20NYYF0026).
文摘[Objectives]To alleviate the influence of meteorological conditions on soil environment(temperature and water content)and maintain high and stable grain yield.[Methods]Taking Sunzhen Experimental Station of Weinan Academy of Agricultural Sciences as the experimental base,the effects of returning double-crop wheat and corn straw to field(Twm),returning single-crop corn straw to field(Tm),returning single-crop wheat straw to field(Tw)on soil temperature,water content,straw decomposition rate and nutrient release,soil organic matter and bulk density were studied systematically.[Results]Twm treatment could effectively alleviate the effects of meteorological conditions on soil temperature and water content.The decomposition rate of straw treated with Twm was 4.7%higher than that of Tm treatment,3.8%higher than that of Tw treatment,10.5%higher than that of Tm treatment,and the decomposition rate of straw showed a trend of"first fast,then slow and then fast".The release of nitrogen from straw was basically similar to that of straw decay,and the release of potassium and phosphorus increased at first and then remained basically unchanged.The release rate of potassium was the highest,followed by phosphorus and nitrogen.The content of soil organic matter in Twm treatment increased by 11.67%annually,an annual average of 0.998 g/kg.The soil bulk density of Twm treatment decreased by 0.058 g/cm^(3) annually,an annual average of 4.29%.The fundamental reason is that Twm treatment provides conditions(temperature,water content,nutrition)for microbial growth,reproduction,enzyme production and biochemical reaction,and increases the exchange capacity of soil and external water,heat,gas and fertilizer.[Conclusions]It is expected is to help people change their understanding of returning straw to field from"quick harvest"to"fertilizer transformation".
文摘研究多元化种植模式下,不同前茬秸秆还田与水氮管理对水稻产量形成、干物质积累分配及氮素吸收利用的影响。2018—2019年以杂交稻F优498为材料,采用三因素裂裂区设计,主区设置油菜-水稻(Py)、小麦-水稻(Px)、青菜-水稻(Pq)3种种植模式秸秆还田,裂区设置常规淹水灌溉(W_(0))和干湿交替灌溉(W_(1))2种水分管理方式,裂裂区设置不施氮处理(N_(0))、常规施氮处理(N_(1))、精量减氮处理(N_(2))3个施氮水平,分析测定了拔节期、齐穗期和成熟期不同处理下秸秆还田的腐解率、氮素释放率、水稻各器官的干物质积累分配、植株氮素吸收利用以及籽粒产量。结果表明,Py的平均产量分别较Px、Pq增加2.55%、13.99%,主要原因是其有效穗数和千粒重较高;Py可促进各营养器官干物质和氮素积累,有利于干物质分配、提高茎鞘氮素贡献率和氮肥利用率,Py各时期的平均干物质积累总量、氮素积累总量分别比Px和Pq增加5.25%、7.48%和14.60%、17.30%,Py的氮肥偏生产力较Pq显著增加24.90%,但Py的秸秆腐解率和氮素释放率较低。3种模式下W1处理的水稻产量分别比W0处理增加5.10%(Py)、1.76%(Px)和4.80%(Pq),W1处理可促进秸秆腐解和氮素释放,促进干物质积累和氮素吸收转运,有利于Py和Px模式下的干物质分配,进而提高氮肥利用率。同一秸秆还田和水分管理下,N2处理可促进秸秆腐解和氮素释放,有利于干物质分配和氮素转运,提高了齐穗期、成熟期茎鞘和叶片氮素积累量,进而提高氮肥利用率,N2处理的产量、干物质积累量较N1处理略有下降,但二者差异不显著。综合考虑分析,油-稻种植模式下,油菜秸秆还田配合干湿交替灌溉与精量减氮(120 kg hm^(-2))有利于干物质积累分配、氮素吸收转运,进而提高氮肥农学利用率、氮肥偏生产力,并可节约20%氮肥投入,实现水稻稳产高效生产。