Based on advances in returning rice and wheat straw to fields at home and abroad, environmental physical, chemical and ecological effects of returning rice and wheat straw to fields were analyzed. The results show tha...Based on advances in returning rice and wheat straw to fields at home and abroad, environmental physical, chemical and ecological effects of returning rice and wheat straw to fields were analyzed. The results show that returning straw to fields can enhance soil porosity, reduce soil bulk density, and increase the ca- pacity of soil to preserve water, fertilizer and temperature. Besides, it can improve the content of organic matter, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in soil, of which the increase of potassium content is the most obvious. Meanwhile, it can provide energy and nutrients for microorganisms in soil and change the activity of soil enzymes, of which it affects invertase most greatly and enhances the activity of ure- ase but has no effect on neutral phosphatase. In addition, it can enhance the total quantity of microorganisms in soil obviously, and the increase correlates positively with the quantity of straw returning to fields. Finally, returning straw to fields can promote the sustainable development of agriculture.展开更多
研究长江中游地区不同种植模式和秸秆还田管理下农田土壤养分、有机碳及其酶活性的变化,评估农业管理措施对土壤质量的影响,可为长江中游双季稻区农业资源高效利用及可持续发展提供理论依据。2012—2017年进行不同轮、连作长期定位试验...研究长江中游地区不同种植模式和秸秆还田管理下农田土壤养分、有机碳及其酶活性的变化,评估农业管理措施对土壤质量的影响,可为长江中游双季稻区农业资源高效利用及可持续发展提供理论依据。2012—2017年进行不同轮、连作长期定位试验,设置冬季休耕—双季稻,冬种紫云英—、油菜—、大蒜—和轮作(马铃薯、大蒜、油菜和紫云英年际轮作)—双季稻5个处理,在冬季作物秸秆和水稻秸秆双重还田条件下,通过运用多元方差分析、相关性分析和主成分分析等统计方法,结合南方双季稻田土壤的适宜性,筛选出最小数据集(minimum data set,MDS)中土壤质量指标并测定,最后采用模糊数学方法对双季稻区的土壤质量进行定量评价。结果表明,在长江中游双季稻区,经过6年的冬季种植合适作物并秸秆双重还田,相比冬季休闲处理,除冬季种植大蒜处理外,其他冬种处理均能有效提高稻田土壤质量10.73%~12.91%,不同冬种方式下双季稻田的土壤质量高低依次为不同冬种轮作(0.726)>冬季种植油菜(0.723)>冬季种植紫云英(0.712)>冬季休闲(0.643)>冬季种植大蒜(0.638)。由此可见,适宜的轮作方式及秸秆双重还田能显著提高双季稻土壤质量,这为南方稻田健康可持续发展提供了理论支撑。展开更多
文摘Based on advances in returning rice and wheat straw to fields at home and abroad, environmental physical, chemical and ecological effects of returning rice and wheat straw to fields were analyzed. The results show that returning straw to fields can enhance soil porosity, reduce soil bulk density, and increase the ca- pacity of soil to preserve water, fertilizer and temperature. Besides, it can improve the content of organic matter, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in soil, of which the increase of potassium content is the most obvious. Meanwhile, it can provide energy and nutrients for microorganisms in soil and change the activity of soil enzymes, of which it affects invertase most greatly and enhances the activity of ure- ase but has no effect on neutral phosphatase. In addition, it can enhance the total quantity of microorganisms in soil obviously, and the increase correlates positively with the quantity of straw returning to fields. Finally, returning straw to fields can promote the sustainable development of agriculture.
文摘研究长江中游地区不同种植模式和秸秆还田管理下农田土壤养分、有机碳及其酶活性的变化,评估农业管理措施对土壤质量的影响,可为长江中游双季稻区农业资源高效利用及可持续发展提供理论依据。2012—2017年进行不同轮、连作长期定位试验,设置冬季休耕—双季稻,冬种紫云英—、油菜—、大蒜—和轮作(马铃薯、大蒜、油菜和紫云英年际轮作)—双季稻5个处理,在冬季作物秸秆和水稻秸秆双重还田条件下,通过运用多元方差分析、相关性分析和主成分分析等统计方法,结合南方双季稻田土壤的适宜性,筛选出最小数据集(minimum data set,MDS)中土壤质量指标并测定,最后采用模糊数学方法对双季稻区的土壤质量进行定量评价。结果表明,在长江中游双季稻区,经过6年的冬季种植合适作物并秸秆双重还田,相比冬季休闲处理,除冬季种植大蒜处理外,其他冬种处理均能有效提高稻田土壤质量10.73%~12.91%,不同冬种方式下双季稻田的土壤质量高低依次为不同冬种轮作(0.726)>冬季种植油菜(0.723)>冬季种植紫云英(0.712)>冬季休闲(0.643)>冬季种植大蒜(0.638)。由此可见,适宜的轮作方式及秸秆双重还田能显著提高双季稻土壤质量,这为南方稻田健康可持续发展提供了理论支撑。