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Plastic mulch increases dryland wheat yield and water-use productivity,while straw mulch increases soil water storage
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作者 Hubing Zhao Guanfei Liu +5 位作者 Yingxia Dou Huimin Yang Tao Wang Zhaohui Wang Sukhdev Malhi Adnan Anwar Khan 《Journal of Integrative Agriculture》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2024年第9期3174-3185,共12页
Amplifying drought stress and high precipitation variability impair dryland wheat production.These problems can potentially be minimized by using plastic mulch(PM)or straw mulch(SM).Therefore,wheat grain yield,soil wa... Amplifying drought stress and high precipitation variability impair dryland wheat production.These problems can potentially be minimized by using plastic mulch(PM)or straw mulch(SM).Therefore,wheat grain yield,soil water storage,soil temperature and water-use productivity of PM and SM treatments were compared with no mulch(CK)treatment on dryland wheat over a period of eight seasons.Compared to the CK treatment,PM and SM treatments on average significantly increased grain yield by 12.6 and 10.5%,respectively.Compared to the CK treatment,SM treatment significantly decreased soil daily temperature by 0.57,0.60 and 0.48℃ for the whole seasons,growing periods and summer fallow periods,respectively.In contrast,compared to the CK treatment,PM treatment increased soil daily temperature by 0.44,0.51 and 0.27℃ for the whole seasons,growing periods and summer fallow periods,respectively.Lower soil temperature under SM allowed greater soil water storage than under PM.Soil water storage pre-seeding was 17%greater under the SM than under the PM treatment.Soil water storage post-harvest was similar for the PM and SM treatments,but evapotranspiration was 4.5%higher in the SM than in the PM treatment.Consequently,water-use productivity was 6.6%greater under PM than under the SM treatment.Therefore,PM treatment increased dryland wheat yield and water-use productivity,while straw mulch increased soil water storage. 展开更多
关键词 plastic mulch soil water storage straw mulch water-use productivity winter wheat
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Effects of Non-flooded Cultivation with Straw Mulching on Rice Agronomic Traits and Water Use Efficiency 被引量:5
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作者 QIN Jiang-tao HU Feng +3 位作者 LI Hui-xin WANG Yi-ping HUANG Fa-quan HUANG Hua-xiang 《Rice science》 SCIE 2006年第1期59-66,共8页
A field experiment was conducted to study water use efficiency and agronomic traits in rice cultivated in flooded soil and non-flooded soils with and without straw mulching. The total amount of water used by rice unde... A field experiment was conducted to study water use efficiency and agronomic traits in rice cultivated in flooded soil and non-flooded soils with and without straw mulching. The total amount of water used by rice under flooded cultivation (FC) was 2.42 and 3.31 times as much as that by rice under the non-flooded cultivation with and without straw mulching, respectively. The average water seepage was 13 560 m^3/ha under the flooded cultivation, 4 750 m^3/ha under the non-flooded cultivation without straw mulching (ZM) and 4 680 m^3/ha under non-flooded cultivation with straw mulching (SM). The evapotranspiration in the SM treatment was only 38.2% and 63.6% of the FC treatment and ZM treatment, respectively. Compared with the ZM treatment, straw mulching significantly increased leaf area per plant, main root length, gross root length and root dry weight per plant of rice. The highest grain yield under the SM treatment (6 747 kg/ha) was close to the rice cultivated in flooded soil (6 811.5 kg / ha). However, the yield under the ZM treatment (4 716 kg/ha) was much lower than that under the FS treatment and SM treatment. The order of water use efficiency and irrigation water use efficiency were both as follows: SM〉 ZM〉 FC. 展开更多
关键词 RICE non-flooded cultivation straw mulching water use efficiency irrigation water use efficiency agronomic traits
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Growth Characteristics and Yield of Late-Season Rice under No-tillage and Non-flooded Cultivation with Straw Mulching 被引量:4
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作者 WANG Dong LI Hui-xin +2 位作者 QIN Jiang-tao LI Da-ming Hu Feng 《Rice science》 SCIE 2010年第2期141-148,共8页
A long-term field experiment (started at 2003) was conducted to determine the effects of different dce cultivation methods on growth characteristics and grain yield of late-season rice under double-rice cropping sys... A long-term field experiment (started at 2003) was conducted to determine the effects of different dce cultivation methods on growth characteristics and grain yield of late-season rice under double-rice cropping system in seasonal drought region of southeast China (Yujiang County, Jiangxi Province). The rice cultivation methods included no-tillage and flooded rice cultivation (N-F), no-tillage and non-flooded rice cultivation with straw mulching (N-SM), and no-tillage and non-flooded rice cultivation without straw mulching (N-ZM). There was no significant difference in rice grain yield between the N-SM and N-F treatments. However, the rice grain yields in the N-SM and N-F treatments were significantly higher than that in the N-ZM treatment. The late-season rice plants in the N-SM treatment had significantly higher numbers of effective panicles and total grains per hill compared with those in the N-ZM treatment. The above-ground dry matter of late-season rice was similar between the N-SM and N-F treatments. Compared with the N-F treatment, the N-ZM and N-SM treatments significantly decreased the leaf area at the heading stage. Moreover, the N-SM treatment could significantly increase total root length and root tip number at the grain-filling stage compared with the N-ZM treatment. 展开更多
关键词 RICE NO-TILLAGE non-flooded cultivation straw mulching growth characteristics YIELD
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Research on the effect of straw mulching on the soil moisture by field experiment in the piedmont plain of the Taihang Mountains 被引量:2
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作者 LI Man ZHANG Wei +1 位作者 HE Yu-jiang WANG Gui-ling 《Journal of Groundwater Science and Engineering》 2017年第3期286-295,共10页
To reveal the influencing effect of the long-term straw mulching on the soil moisture, this paper employed the field experiment data in 2010 of a typical area of Taihang Mountains plain, observed the soil moisture dyn... To reveal the influencing effect of the long-term straw mulching on the soil moisture, this paper employed the field experiment data in 2010 of a typical area of Taihang Mountains plain, observed the soil moisture dynamic regularities under different mulching patterns by virtue of depressimeter and neutron probe, analyzed the characteristics of soil water content and storage in different depths and seasons under the long-term straw mulching. The results showed that the long-term straw mulching can keep the soil moisture conservation of the deep, while decreased the shallow.(1) The long-term straw mulching can changed the type of soil water movement. If no straw mulching, the type is mainly evaporation-infiltration. And with straw mantle the type would change into infiltration. The number of zero flux plane would be reduced or absent.(2) The long-term straw mulching can increase the soil water reserves of the whole soil profile with the depth between 0 cm and 220 cm. But the soil water content of the layer from 30 cm to 80 cm decreased and the soil water content of the layer from 80 cm to 220 cm increased instead., The effect of soil moisture conservation on winter wheat is not obvious;(3) With no straw mulching, the depth of infiltration recharge by rainfall or irrigation is shallower than 80 cm. In a straw mulching, the influence depth is can extend to 120 cm;(4) With no straw mulching, there is a deep layer on the depth of 220 cm between March and June, while this layer will disappear with a long-term straw mulching. 展开更多
关键词 straw mulching Soil moisture Soil water content Deep layer Soil moisture conservation
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Effect of Straw Mulching on Vineyard Ecology and Fruit Quality of Southern Jiangsu Province
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作者 Youmei WANG Jinfang HE +4 位作者 Wenzheng ZHANG Honghai ZHANG Junyi FU Zhizhong LYU Qin DONG 《Agricultural Biotechnology》 CAS 2018年第6期78-80,共3页
[Objectives] The ecological environment of orchard has a direct impact on fruit quality,and straw mulching can effectively improve the physicochemical indicators of orchard soil,so as to achieve environmental protecti... [Objectives] The ecological environment of orchard has a direct impact on fruit quality,and straw mulching can effectively improve the physicochemical indicators of orchard soil,so as to achieve environmental protection and yield increase.[Methods]Tests were carried out for 3 consecutive years of mulching straw in vineyard of southern Jiangsu Province.[Results]The results showed that mulching straw continuously could effectively improve soil physicochemical properties,weed controlling effect,and the photosynthetic rate of leaves,as well as the yield and quality of grapes.The contents of total nitrogen,available phosphorus,quickacting potassium and organic matter increased up to 91.67%,259.76%,442.39% and 34.30%,respectively.Soil bulk density decreased by 7.15%,and the weed plant control effect reached 87.45%.The increased of fresh weight was up to 93.55%,and the increase of the leaf parenthetical rate was up to 18.24%.The increases of soluble solids content and single grain weight reached up to 8.82% and 12.75%.The rate of dehiscent fruit was decreased by 50.89%.The grape could pick for sale 3 days ahead,and the increase of unit area yield reached up to 13.16%.[Conclusions]Straw mulching cultivation in vineyard is a good model for efficient recycling of crop straw and safe production of quality grape,and it provides a new technical approach for straw utilization,promising with good economic and ecological benefits. 展开更多
关键词 straw mulchING GRAPE ECOLOGY Quality
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Improving uniform scattering device for straw-smashing,back-throwing,no-tillage planter under complete straw mulching condition 被引量:5
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作者 Fengwei Gu Xuemei Gao +3 位作者 Feng Wu Zhichao Hu Youqing Chen Chong Zhang 《International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering》 SCIE EI CAS 2018年第6期49-57,共9页
With the objective of obtaining a completely straw-mulched field,when no-tillage mechanical sowing is implemented with straw smashing,delivering,and back-throwing approaches,it may be difficult to scatter the smashed ... With the objective of obtaining a completely straw-mulched field,when no-tillage mechanical sowing is implemented with straw smashing,delivering,and back-throwing approaches,it may be difficult to scatter the smashed straw uniformly during a succeeding wheat sowing step.This is because the previous rice straw is substantial in quantity and has a high humidity and toughness,which may easily result in non-uniform straw mulching and thus sparse and weak seedlings of wheat.Therefore a force-dispersing and uniform-scattering device was designed.With the number of scattering impellers,impeller angle,and impeller rotation speed as the main factors and the percentage of pass for the scattering width and non-uniformity of the straw mulching as the assessment indices,single-factor experiments and orthogonal regressive tests were performed,and a dual-index(percentage of pass for the scattering width and non-uniformity of the straw mulching)fitted regression equation was established.The test results suggested that the main factors(from primary to secondary)that influence the indices were the impeller rotation speed,number of scattering impellers,and impeller angle.The optimal parameter combination for the uniform scattering device was four rows of impellers with an angle of 15°,rotation speed of 1015 r/min,percentage of pass of 72.65%for the scattering width,and a non-uniformity of 13.8%in the straw mulching.This combination can be used to realize a uniform scattering of the smashed straw along the seedling rows on the after-sowing ground.According to the field investigation of the wheat growth,the wheat emergence rate was 90.7%.The research results can provide a reference for improving the uniform scattering device for a straw-smashing,back-throwing,no-tillage planter for obtaining a completely straw-mulched field,enhancing the quality of the machinery operation,and ensuring good and strong seedlings after sowing. 展开更多
关键词 complete straw mulching no-tillage planter uniform scattering of straw
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Design and test of the bilateral throwing soil-covering device for straw mulching machine in orchards 被引量:1
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作者 Xinhua Zhu Xiang Gao +1 位作者 Xudong Li Shaojie Xu 《International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering》 SCIE CAS 2023年第1期162-171,共10页
Aiming to lack the function of soil covering in the developed orchard straw mulching machine(OSM),a kind of bilateral counter-throwing soil-covering device was developed to eliminate the orchard fire risk caused by th... Aiming to lack the function of soil covering in the developed orchard straw mulching machine(OSM),a kind of bilateral counter-throwing soil-covering device was developed to eliminate the orchard fire risk caused by the straw layer.The soil-covering device was suspended at the rear of the OSM.Its core component was a pair of throwing wheels installed on both sides of a frame.Hydraulic motors drove the throwing wheels to take soil on-site and cover the straw layer.The adjustment range of the space between the throwing wheels on both sides was 1.4-2.1 m.Based on the analysis of soil-covering quantity,soil-covering width,thickness uniformity of soil layer,and power consumption,the key parameters such as the radius,the number of the vane,and the minimum rotation speed of the throwing wheels were determined.It was proved that the thickness uniformity of the soil layer by bilateral counter-throwing was better than by unilateral,and bottom throwing was better than top throwing.The blade of the soil cutter consisted of a straight blade and a curved blade,and the sliding-cutting angle was 14°-40°.The field test results showed the soil-covering device had good performance with a width of 1.4-2.2 m,a thickness of the soil-covering layer(TSL)of 23.2-40.7 mm,a standard deviation(SD)of 1.4-2.9 mm,width uniformity of 100%,and leakage rate of zero.The established model,between the thickness of soil-covering layer and trenching depth,throwing angle,and rotation speed of the throwing wheels,has a determination coefficient of 0.9757 and can be used to guide the operating parameters.The soil cutter reduced the power consumption and impact load of the throwing wheels by 64.77%and 60.88%,respectively.This work provides a type of new equipment for the mechanization technology of straw mulching in arid and semi-arid orchards. 展开更多
关键词 orchard straw mulching MECHANIZATION soil-covering device counter-throwing uniformity
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Effects of straw mulching on microclimate characteristics and evapotranspiration of drip-irrigated winter wheat in North China Plain 被引量:1
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作者 Jiandong Wang Yanqun Zhang +5 位作者 Shihong Gong Di Xu Richard Snyder Yanyu Chen Yuefen Zhao Qinghong Yan 《International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering》 SCIE EI CAS 2018年第2期122-131,共10页
Field experiments were conducted for two consecutive years(2013-2014 and 2014-2015)to study the effects of straw mulching on microclimate characteristics,energy flux,soil evaporation(Es)and evapotranspiration of winte... Field experiments were conducted for two consecutive years(2013-2014 and 2014-2015)to study the effects of straw mulching on microclimate characteristics,energy flux,soil evaporation(Es)and evapotranspiration of winter wheat(Triticum aestivum L.)under adequate drip irrigation in North China Plain(NCP).The results revealed that straw mulching affected air temperature(T_(a))and dew point temperature(T_(d))near the soil surface but had little effect on relative humidity(RH)compared with non-mulched fields.Straw mulching increased the turbulent exchange coefficient(K),and K within the canopy was higher than that above the canopy.Straw mulching clearly increased the sensible heat flux(H)distribution in April-June,and part of the energy needed for evapotranspiration was provided by transfer from the warmer air aloft.There was a linear functional relationship between H and T_(a)measured above and within the canopy.The straw mulching decreased Es but increased crop transpiration(T).Mulched treatment(TM)can decrease the total irrigation amount by about 7%-15%compared with the non-mulched treatment(TN).There were no significant differences(p>0.05)in cumulative crop evapotranspiration(ETc)between TM and TN treatments under adequate drip irrigation,and the use of mulch may need to be combined with an optimal deficit drip irrigation schedule for managing the declining water table in NCP. 展开更多
关键词 drip irrigation MICROCLIMATE straw mulching winter wheat EVAPOTRANSPIRATION water use efficiency
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The first factor affecting dryland winter wheat grain yield under various mulching measures: Spike number 被引量:1
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作者 Yingxia Dou Hubing Zhao +4 位作者 Huimin Yang Tao Wang Guanfei Liu Zhaohui Wang Sukhdev Malhi 《Journal of Integrative Agriculture》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2024年第3期836-848,共13页
Water is the key factor limiting dryland wheat grain yield.Mulching affects crop yield and yield components by affecting soil moisture.Further research is needed to determine the relationships between yield components... Water is the key factor limiting dryland wheat grain yield.Mulching affects crop yield and yield components by affecting soil moisture.Further research is needed to determine the relationships between yield components and soil moisture with yield,and to identify the most important factor affecting grain yield under various mulching measures.A long-term 9-yearifeld experiment in the Loess Plateau of Northwest China was carried out with three treatments:no mulch (CK),plastic mulch (M_(P)) and straw mulch (M_(S)).Yield factors and soil moisture were measured,and the relationships between them were explored by correlation analysis,structural equation modeling and significance analysis.The results showed that compared with CK,the average grain yields of M_(P) and M_(S) increased by 13.0and 10.6%,respectively.The average annual grain yield of the M_(P) treatment was 134 kg ha^(–1) higher than the M_(S) treatment.There were no significant differences in yield components among the three treatments (P<0.05).Soil water storage of the M_(S) treatment was greater than the M_(P) treatment,although the differences were not statistically signifiant.Soil water storage during the summer fallow period (SWSSF) and soil water storage before sowing (SWSS) of M_(S) were significantly higher than in CK,which increased by 38.5 and 13.6%,respectively.The relationship between M_(P) and CK was not statistically significant for SWSSF,but the SWSS in M_(P) was significantly higher than in CK.In terms of soil water storage after harvest (SWSH) and water consumption in the growth period(ET),there were no signi?cant differences among the three treatments.Based on the three analysis methods,we found that spike number and ET were positively correlated with grain yield.However,the relative importance of spike number to yield was the greatest in the M_(P )and M_(S) treatments,while that of ET was the greatest in CK.Suifcient SWSSF could indirectly increase spike number and ET in the three treatments.Based on these results,mulch can improve yield and soil water storage.The most important factor affecting the grain yield of dryland wheat was spike number under mulching,and ET with CK.These findings may help us to understand the main factors influencing dryland wheat grain yield under mulching conditions compared to CK. 展开更多
关键词 dryland winter wheat plastic mulch spike number straw mulch
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Buried straw layer and plastic mulching increase microflora diversity in salinized soil 被引量:10
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作者 LI Yu-yi PANG Huan-cheng +5 位作者 HAN Xiu-fang YAN Shou-wei ZHAO Yong-gan WANG Jing ZHAI Zhen ZHANG Jian-li 《Journal of Integrative Agriculture》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2016年第7期1602-1611,共10页
Salt stress has been increasingly constraining crop productivity in arid lands of the world. In our recent study, salt stress was aleviated and crop productivity was improved remarkably by straw layer burial plus plas... Salt stress has been increasingly constraining crop productivity in arid lands of the world. In our recent study, salt stress was aleviated and crop productivity was improved remarkably by straw layer burial plus plastic iflm mulching in a saline soil. However, its impact on the microlfora diversity is not wel documented. Field micro-plot experiments were conducted from 2010 to 2011 using four tilage methods: (i) deep tilage with plastic iflm mulching (CK), (i) straw layer burial at 40 cm (S), (ii) straw layer burial plus surface soil mulching with straw material (S+S), and (iv) plastic iflm mulching plus buried straw layer (P+S). Culturable microbes and predominant bacterial communities were studied; based on 16S rDNA, bacterial com-munity structure and abundance were characterized using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Results showed that P+S was the most favorable for culturable bacteria, actinomyces and fungi and induced the most diverse genera of bacteria compared to other tilage methods. Soil temperature had signiifcant positive correlations with the number of bacteria, actinomyces and fungi (P〈0.01). However, soil water was poorly correlated with any of the microbes. Salt content had a signiifcant negative correlation with the number of microbers, especialy for bacteria and fungi (P〈0.01). DGGE analysis showed that the P+S exhibited the highest diversity of bacteria with 20 visible bands folowed by S+S, S and CK. Moreover, P+S had the highest similarity (68%) of bacterial communities with CK. The major bacterial genera in al soil samples wereFirmicutes,Proteobacteria andActinobacteria. Given the considerable increase in microbial growth, the combined use of straw layer burial and plastic iflm mulching could be a practical option for aleviating salt stress effects on soil microbial community and thereby improving crop production in arid saline soils. 展开更多
关键词 buried straw layer plastic mulch soil microlfora changes PCR-DGGE microlfora diversity salinized soil
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有机覆盖措施对葡萄生长特性和果实品质影响研究进展
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作者 王江林 徐国前 +5 位作者 杨帆 孙淼 裴泓凯 程春颖 张立霞 薛婷婷 《核农学报》 CAS 北大核心 2025年第1期201-211,共11页
生草、枝条和秸秆等有机覆盖措施作为土壤管理的一种方法,广泛应用于葡萄栽培管理实践。有机覆盖措施不仅可以提高土壤稳定性和土壤养分含量,调节葡萄植株生长以及改善葡萄浆果品质,而且能使有机废弃物得到充分利用,促进资源的可持续循... 生草、枝条和秸秆等有机覆盖措施作为土壤管理的一种方法,广泛应用于葡萄栽培管理实践。有机覆盖措施不仅可以提高土壤稳定性和土壤养分含量,调节葡萄植株生长以及改善葡萄浆果品质,而且能使有机废弃物得到充分利用,促进资源的可持续循环。基于此,本文围绕葡萄园有机覆盖措施的最新研究成果,系统回顾了有机覆盖措施的研究进展与发展趋势;综述了有机覆盖措施对葡萄叶片光合作用、植株生长和物候期等葡萄树体生长特性,以及葡萄浆果品质和产量的影响和作用机制;并对该领域的前沿研究方向和应用前景进行了展望。该文可为葡萄园有机覆盖措施的应用提供理论依据。 展开更多
关键词 生草覆盖 枝条覆盖 秸秆覆盖 葡萄生长特性 果实品质
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Effects of mulch and planting methods on Medicago ruthenica seed yield and soil physical-chemical properties 被引量:1
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作者 WANG Yuxia ZHANG Jing YU Xiaojun 《Journal of Arid Land》 SCIE CSCD 2022年第8期894-909,共16页
Medicago ruthenica (L.) Trautv., a wild grass species, is commonly grown as a forage crop in arid and semi-arid areas of China. Herein, we explored mulch patterns and planting methods for optimizing M. ruthenica seed ... Medicago ruthenica (L.) Trautv., a wild grass species, is commonly grown as a forage crop in arid and semi-arid areas of China. Herein, we explored mulch patterns and planting methods for optimizing M. ruthenica seed production in the loess plateau of the Gansu Province, China from 2017 to 2019. The experiments comprised of six treatments including (1) flat ground without mulch (F0, control);(2) flat ground with a transparent white 0.008 mm thick plastic film mulch (FP);(3) flat ground with 4500 kg/hm2 straw mulch (FS);(4) furrow with 10 cm ridges (R0);(5) furrow with plastic film mulch (RP);and (6) furrow with straw mulch (RS). Results showed that the harvested seed yield of M. ruthenica was the highest under RP treatment, followed by FP and FS treatments. Soil moisture content from mid-May to mid-August in 2017 was the highest under RP and FP treatments, followed by RS and FS treatments. In 2018, soil moisture content was the highest under RS and FS treatments. In 2017 and 2018, soil temperature was the highest under FP and RP treatments, followed by F0 and R0 treatments. Total and available nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium contents were the highest under RS and FS treatments, followed by RP and FP treatments. Comprehensive analysis result showed that surface mulch improved soil microenvironment and increased seed yield of M. ruthenica. Straw mulch also effectively recycled excess crop straw, thereby encouraging the sustainable development of agriculture in this area. In conclusion, FS treatment was considered the best mode for M. ruthenica seed production in this area. 展开更多
关键词 arid area plastic film straw mulch soil moisture content soil temperature soil chemistry
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玉米秸秆还田下深松年限对土壤有机碳含量及胡敏酸结构特征的影响 被引量:4
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作者 高盼 王宇先 +4 位作者 蔡姗姗 徐莹莹 杨慧莹 王晨 张巩亮 《干旱地区农业研究》 CSCD 北大核心 2024年第1期205-213,共9页
为明确不同秸秆还田结合耕作措施下土壤有机碳组分的变化特征,基于6 a秸秆还田长期定位试验,利用三维荧光光谱技术,对CK(不深松+不秸秆还田)、NFG(不深松+每年秸秆还田)、EFG(隔一年深松+每年秸秆还田)、TFG(隔两年深松+每年秸秆还田)和... 为明确不同秸秆还田结合耕作措施下土壤有机碳组分的变化特征,基于6 a秸秆还田长期定位试验,利用三维荧光光谱技术,对CK(不深松+不秸秆还田)、NFG(不深松+每年秸秆还田)、EFG(隔一年深松+每年秸秆还田)、TFG(隔两年深松+每年秸秆还田)和SFG(连年深松+每年秸秆还田)处理下土壤有机碳(SOC)含量及胡敏酸(HA)结构特征进行分析。结果表明:与CK相比,EFG处理0~10 cm土层的SOC、HA含量和PQ值分别显著增加25.23%、16.19%和4.27%,FA含量降低4.55%。10~20 cm土层,EFG处理的SOC含量最高,较CK增加13.18%;SFG处理的HA和FA含量较CK提高最多,增幅分别为13.27%和32.74%。通过HA三维荧光图谱发现,与CK(Ex/Em=270/455,270/460)相比,EFG(Ex/Em=280/455,270/465)处理下0~10 cm和10~20 cm土层中的HA荧光峰波长均有红移现象。土壤胡敏酸中包含两个组分,C1(Ex/Em=270/280)和C2(Ex/Em=440/515)同为类腐殖酸物质,胡敏酸整体腐殖化程度较高,结构较为复杂;其中EFG和TFG处理的C2组分所占比例最高,分别为28.59%和31.38%。各处理的C1和C2组分F_(max)值均较CK有所增加,即腐殖化程度增加。综上所述,EFG处理(隔一年深松+每年秸秆还田)通过提升土壤有机碳及腐殖酸类物质含量,增加腐殖化程度,加强了土壤的供肥能力,为黑龙江黑土区较佳的耕作技术措施。 展开更多
关键词 玉米秸秆还田 深松 土壤有机碳 胡敏酸 三维荧光光谱
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水分及秸秆覆盖对夏玉米土壤呼吸及碳平衡的影响 被引量:1
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作者 张笑培 常晓 +2 位作者 杨慎骄 王和洲 周新国 《灌溉排水学报》 CAS CSCD 2024年第1期1-8,共8页
【目的】充分发挥秸秆覆盖与适宜灌溉对作物增产及土壤固碳减排的各自优势及二者协同效应,建立减排增产节水的高效农田管理模式。【方法】以豫东地区夏玉米为研究对象,设置覆盖方式(秸秆覆盖(S)和无覆盖(N))和灌水控制下限(田间持水率(... 【目的】充分发挥秸秆覆盖与适宜灌溉对作物增产及土壤固碳减排的各自优势及二者协同效应,建立减排增产节水的高效农田管理模式。【方法】以豫东地区夏玉米为研究对象,设置覆盖方式(秸秆覆盖(S)和无覆盖(N))和灌水控制下限(田间持水率(FC)的50%(W1)、60%(W2)、70%(W3)、80%(W4))两因素试验,系统研究水分及秸秆覆盖对土壤碳排放总量、土壤微生物异氧呼吸碳释放量和农田净初级生产力固碳量影响。【结果】秸秆覆盖和灌水增加了土壤呼吸、农田净初级生产力固碳量和土壤微生物异氧呼吸碳释放量,其中SW4处理均最高,与SW3、NW4处理差异不显著。SW3处理净生态系统生产力(NEP)和碳排放效率均最高,分别较其他处理高3.99%~245.74%和2.35%~138.80%。与SW4处理相比,SW3处理在节约灌水的前提下,农田净生态系统生产力提高2.99%,碳排放效率提高2.35%。【结论】综合考虑农田净生态系统生产力和碳排放效率,SW3处理(灌水控制下限为70%FC+秸秆覆盖)可以作为节水、减排、增产的农田管理模式。 展开更多
关键词 秸秆覆盖 土壤水分 夏玉米 土壤呼吸 碳平衡
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Strawponic for No-Till Potato Production
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作者 Ali Msheik Mustapha Haidar Hadi Jaafar 《American Journal of Plant Sciences》 2019年第12期2159-2169,共11页
Strawponic is an innovative and exotic system for growing potato on soil surface using crop straw as cover mulch. A field trial was carried out at the American University of Beirut in Lebanon to test the efficacy of t... Strawponic is an innovative and exotic system for growing potato on soil surface using crop straw as cover mulch. A field trial was carried out at the American University of Beirut in Lebanon to test the efficacy of this system for small potato producers. Barley (Hordeum vulgare) straw mulch at 25, 50 and 75 t/ha was used to cover potato tubers in no-till system. Potato plant number, height, number of shoots and leaves, root and shoot dry weight, and potato yield were collected. Results showed that all tested rates of straw significantly increased potato yield in comparison to the till system. Marketable yield was the highest with no-till potato at 50 and 75 t/ha compared to no-till potato at all tested surface straw rates. None of the treatments was harmful to potato plants compared to the till potato. This study could be a promising gate for production of potato for small-scale farmers. 展开更多
关键词 POTATO straw mulch NO-TILL
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Yield and Fruit Quality of Tomato as Influenced by Calcium and Mulching in Rooftop Cultivation
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作者 Md. Abul Kalam Azad Mohammad Shafiqul Islam +1 位作者 Md. Isrfil Hossen Touria El-Jaoual Eaton 《Agricultural Sciences》 2019年第7期893-902,共10页
The experiment conducted in containers known as pot placed on rooftop of a building using noncalcareous grey terrace soil was carried out from October, 2012 to March, 2013 at Kazla, Motihar, Rajshahi, Bangladesh to in... The experiment conducted in containers known as pot placed on rooftop of a building using noncalcareous grey terrace soil was carried out from October, 2012 to March, 2013 at Kazla, Motihar, Rajshahi, Bangladesh to investigate the influences of calcium and mulching practices on yield and fruit quality of tomato. The study was laid out in a split-split plot design with three replications. The trials comprised three factors: 1) three tomato varieties viz, BARI F1Tomato-5, BARI F1Tomato-6 and BARI F1Tomato-7;2) four levels of calcium (Ca) treatment (40 ppm, 60 ppm, 80 ppm, 120 ppm) and 3) mulching practices. Results of the experiment revealed that fresh yield of tomato was significantly increased by applying mulching practices due to conservation of soil moisture by mulches and therefore, reduced Ca-deficiency symptoms. The highest number of fruits per plant and fresh yield were obtained from the variety BARI F1Tomato-5. The same trend of yield and yield contributing parameters were likely to be better by using T3?treatment (80 ppm) than those of other treatments. In contrast, BARI F1Tomato-7 variety in control treatment without mulching practice gave poor quality and yield of tomato. Results suggested that BARI F1Tomato-5 variety receiving 80 ppm calcium treatment with mulching condition exposed better quality, yield and yield contributing characters of tomato. However, the T3?treatment (80 ppm) with mulching would be recommended as the best combination to grow BARI F1Tomato-5 for the farmers in Bangladesh. 展开更多
关键词 TOMATO VARIETIES CALCIUM Treatment Rice straw mulchING Practices and YIELD
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秸秆覆盖量和施氮量对陇中春小麦的产量效应模拟
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作者 董莉霞 李广 +1 位作者 燕振刚 刘强 《湖南农业大学学报(自然科学版)》 CAS CSCD 北大核心 2024年第2期18-23,共6页
为量化分析秸秆覆盖量和施氮量对旱地春小麦的产量效应和协同作用,在APSIM模型中,设置秸秆覆盖量和施氮量2因素5个变化梯度,组合交叉设计25个处理,利用模型模拟25个处理的春小麦产量;于2016—2018年在甘肃省定西市安定区开展小麦大田试... 为量化分析秸秆覆盖量和施氮量对旱地春小麦的产量效应和协同作用,在APSIM模型中,设置秸秆覆盖量和施氮量2因素5个变化梯度,组合交叉设计25个处理,利用模型模拟25个处理的春小麦产量;于2016—2018年在甘肃省定西市安定区开展小麦大田试验,得到早播(ESW)、正常播(NSW)、晚播(LSW)春小麦产量的实测值,利用APSIM模型模拟2016—2018年春小麦的产量,将模拟值与实测值进行对比,对模型的适用性和模拟精度进行分析;对春小麦产量与秸秆覆盖量、施氮量的耦合关系进行二次多项回归和通径分析,利用Matlab计算春小麦的最大产量及对应的秸秆覆盖量和施氮量。结果表明:不同处理下产量的模拟值与实测值均位于15%置信带内,模型模拟精度较高,归一化均方根误差值为4.64%~12.22%,表明该模型在研究区具有良好的适用性;秸秆覆盖量和施氮量的增长对春小麦的产量效应为正效应,相应关系表现为开口向下的二次抛物线变化关系;ESW、NSW和LSW模拟情景下,春小麦最大产量分别为3548.64、3149.59、2507.58 kg/hm^(2);ESW模式下,最佳秸秆覆盖量和施氮量分别为7062.04、194.91 kg/hm^(2);NSW模式下,最佳秸秆覆盖量和施氮量分别为8211.31、218.81 kg/hm^(2);LSW模式下,最佳秸秆覆盖量和施氮量分别为6215.15、162.01 kg/hm^(2)。 展开更多
关键词 春小麦 APSIM模型 秸秆覆盖量 施氮量 产量
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调亏灌溉和秸秆覆盖对苦荞生物学特性和水分利用效率的影响
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作者 王艳兰 胡丽琴 +6 位作者 王素华 张腊梅 杨学乐 张璐 何录秋 汤睿 李基光 《节水灌溉》 北大核心 2024年第11期18-23,共6页
为探讨调亏灌溉和秸秆覆盖对苦荞生物学特性和水分调亏利用效率的影响,设置秸秆覆盖(裸地S_(1)、秸秆覆盖S_(2))和灌溉方式(常规灌溉M_(1)、轻度调亏灌溉M_(2)、重度调亏灌溉M3)组合共6个处理,比较各处理的土壤含水量、农艺性状、产量... 为探讨调亏灌溉和秸秆覆盖对苦荞生物学特性和水分调亏利用效率的影响,设置秸秆覆盖(裸地S_(1)、秸秆覆盖S_(2))和灌溉方式(常规灌溉M_(1)、轻度调亏灌溉M_(2)、重度调亏灌溉M3)组合共6个处理,比较各处理的土壤含水量、农艺性状、产量和水分调亏利用效率等差异。结果表明:与裸地处理相比,秸秆覆盖处理的产量和水分调亏利用效率分别提高了13.5%和32.9%。与全灌处理相比,轻度调亏灌溉处理的产量、水分调亏利用效率分别提高了5.3%和52.8%。调亏灌溉和秸秆覆盖互作后,M_(2)S_(2)处理下产量和水分调亏利用效率最高。M_(2)S_(2)的产量、水分调亏利用效率较M_(1)S_(1)分别增加16.1%,95.7%,主要是因为M_(2)S_(2)处理的净光合速率、单株分枝数、生物量及结实率较M_(1)S_(1)分别显著增加13.0%,12.1%,12.5%和8.3%。综上所述,轻度调亏灌溉和秸秆覆盖能显著提高苦荞产量和水分调亏利用效率,可为苦荞的节水高效栽培提供理论依据和技术支撑。 展开更多
关键词 苦荞 秸秆覆盖 调亏灌溉 生物学特性 产量 水分调亏利用效率
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玉米秸秆覆盖还田技术
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作者 臧秀法 李馨 +3 位作者 李世柱 王海翔 黄文明 刘颖 《农机使用与维修》 2024年第8期128-131,共4页
玉米秸秆覆盖还田是一种环保、节能的农业技术,它利用玉米秸秆来覆盖田地,起到保水保肥、改良土壤、减少土壤侵蚀等作用。该文设置了秸秆覆盖还田(RF)和秸秆不还田(CK)两种方式,探究不同方式对土壤理化性质、土壤肥力及玉米产量的影响,... 玉米秸秆覆盖还田是一种环保、节能的农业技术,它利用玉米秸秆来覆盖田地,起到保水保肥、改良土壤、减少土壤侵蚀等作用。该文设置了秸秆覆盖还田(RF)和秸秆不还田(CK)两种方式,探究不同方式对土壤理化性质、土壤肥力及玉米产量的影响,为高效利用秸秆还田资源、提升土壤肥力提供科学依据。结果表明,RF可以显著提高土壤含水量和土壤呼吸速率,提升土壤肥力,玉米产量提高20.5%。因此,秸秆覆盖还田技术利于指导农田管理、提升土壤肥力、增加农作物产量。此外,有效利用农作物的残余部分,减少了对化肥、农药等化学品的依赖,降低了环境污染,有利于农田生态环境的改善,符合可持续发展的理念。 展开更多
关键词 秸秆还田 土壤理化性质 玉米产量 养分 秸秆覆盖
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航拍多光谱田间秸秆覆盖量反演模型的建立与优化
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作者 刘媛媛 孙宇 +4 位作者 高雪冰 王利斌 王跃勇 刘梦琪 崔舒然 《光学精密工程》 EI CAS CSCD 北大核心 2024年第11期1773-1787,共15页
保护性耕作是农业耕地可持续性发展的重要方法,已被世界多地采用,秸秆覆盖量实现从“有无”到“多少”的进一步判定,是秸秆还田检测的重要指标。通过无人机搭载多光谱相机航拍研究区内春秋两季遥感数据,并同步测定玉米秸秆覆盖量。首先... 保护性耕作是农业耕地可持续性发展的重要方法,已被世界多地采用,秸秆覆盖量实现从“有无”到“多少”的进一步判定,是秸秆还田检测的重要指标。通过无人机搭载多光谱相机航拍研究区内春秋两季遥感数据,并同步测定玉米秸秆覆盖量。首先,通过遥感数据提取光谱反射率并构建光谱指数,采用相关系数法筛选出对秸秆覆盖量敏感的波段变量和光谱变量,作为模型输入变量;然后,采用支持向量机(Support Vector Machine,SVM)、随机森林(Random Forest,RF)、BP神经网络(Back Propagation Neural Network,BPNN)和极限学习机(Extreme Learning Machine,ELM)4种机器学习算法,建立玉米秸秆覆盖量的反演模型,比较不同时期和不同研究区域的模型精度;最后,为解决预测性能受其模型参数影响较大问题,引入遗传算法(Genetic Algorithm,GA)和粒子群算法(Particle Swarm Optimization,PSO),并提出遗传-粒子群混合算法(Genetic-Particle Swarm Optimization,GA-PSO),利用它们的互补性提高模型的性能,完成区域内秸秆覆盖量的估算。实验结果表明,基于GA-PSO优化的RF算法玉米秸秆覆盖量反演模型取得了最佳的反演效果,其中R^(2)达到了0.74。同时,对比分析不同数据的反演结果,均较为真实地反映了区域内秸秆覆盖量,估测准确率达到91.36%,说明可以通过优化模型实现结果估算。研究为保护性耕作秸秆还田量检测提供科学参考,亦为其他作物秸秆覆盖量估测提供了可靠的模型反演方法。 展开更多
关键词 多光谱图像 机器学习 秸秆覆盖量 无人机 遗传算法 粒子群算法
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