Plastic mulch increases dryland wheat yield and water-use productivity,while straw mulch increases soil water storage

Amplifying drought stress and high precipitation variability impair dryland wheat production.These problems can potentially be minimized by using plastic mulch(PM)or straw mulch(SM).Therefore,wheat grain yield,soil water storage,soil temperature and water-use productivity of PM and SM treatments were compared with no mulch(CK)treatment on dryland wheat over a period of eight seasons.Compared to the CK treatment,PM and SM treatments on average significantly increased grain yield by 12.6 and 10.5%,respectively.Compared to the CK treatment,SM treatment significantly decreased soil daily temperature by 0.57,0.60 and 0.48℃ for the whole seasons,growing periods and summer fallow periods,respectively.In contrast,compared to the CK treatment,PM treatment increased soil daily temperature by 0.44,0.51 and 0.27℃ for the whole seasons,growing periods and summer fallow periods,respectively.Lower soil temperature under SM allowed greater soil water storage than under PM.Soil water storage pre-seeding was 17%greater under the SM than under the PM treatment.Soil water storage post-harvest was similar for the PM and SM treatments,but evapotranspiration was 4.5%higher in the SM than in the PM treatment.Consequently,water-use productivity was 6.6%greater under PM than under the SM treatment.Therefore,PM treatment increased dryland wheat yield and water-use productivity,while straw mulch increased soil water storage.

The first factor affecting dryland winter wheat grain yield under various mulching measures: Spike number

Water is the key factor limiting dryland wheat grain yield.Mulching affects crop yield and yield components by affecting soil moisture.Further research is needed to determine the relationships between yield components and soil moisture with yield,and to identify the most important factor affecting grain yield under various mulching measures.A long-term 9-yearifeld experiment in the Loess Plateau of Northwest China was carried out with three treatments:no mulch (CK),plastic mulch (M_(P)) and straw mulch (M_(S)).Yield factors and soil moisture were measured,and the relationships between them were explored by correlation analysis,structural equation modeling and significance analysis.The results showed that compared with CK,the average grain yields of M_(P) and M_(S) increased by 13.0and 10.6%,respectively.The average annual grain yield of the M_(P) treatment was 134 kg ha^(–1) higher than the M_(S) treatment.There were no significant differences in yield components among the three treatments (P<0.05).Soil water storage of the M_(S) treatment was greater than the M_(P) treatment,although the differences were not statistically signifiant.Soil water storage during the summer fallow period (SWSSF) and soil water storage before sowing (SWSS) of M_(S) were significantly higher than in CK,which increased by 38.5 and 13.6%,respectively.The relationship between M_(P) and CK was not statistically significant for SWSSF,but the SWSS in M_(P) was significantly higher than in CK.In terms of soil water storage after harvest (SWSH) and water consumption in the growth period(ET),there were no signi?cant differences among the three treatments.Based on the three analysis methods,we found that spike number and ET were positively correlated with grain yield.However,the relative importance of spike number to yield was the greatest in the M_(P )and M_(S) treatments,while that of ET was the greatest in CK.Suifcient SWSSF could indirectly increase spike number and ET in the three treatments.Based on these results,mulch can improve yield and soil water storage.The most important factor affecting the grain yield of dryland wheat was spike number under mulching,and ET with CK.These findings may help us to understand the main factors influencing dryland wheat grain yield under mulching conditions compared to CK.

Effects of Non-flooded Cultivation with Straw Mulching on Rice Agronomic Traits and Water Use Efficiency

A field experiment was conducted to study water use efficiency and agronomic traits in rice cultivated in flooded soil and non-flooded soils with and without straw mulching. The total amount of water used by rice under flooded cultivation （FC） was 2.42 and 3.31 times as much as that by rice under the non-flooded cultivation with and without straw mulching, respectively. The average water seepage was 13 560 m^3/ha under the flooded cultivation, 4 750 m^3/ha under the non-flooded cultivation without straw mulching （ZM） and 4 680 m^3/ha under non-flooded cultivation with straw mulching （SM）. The evapotranspiration in the SM treatment was only 38.2% and 63.6% of the FC treatment and ZM treatment, respectively. Compared with the ZM treatment, straw mulching significantly increased leaf area per plant, main root length, gross root length and root dry weight per plant of rice. The highest grain yield under the SM treatment （6 747 kg/ha） was close to the rice cultivated in flooded soil （6 811.5 kg / ha）. However, the yield under the ZM treatment （4 716 kg/ha） was much lower than that under the FS treatment and SM treatment. The order of water use efficiency and irrigation water use efficiency were both as follows： SM〉 ZM〉 FC.

Growth Characteristics and Yield of Late-Season Rice under No-tillage and Non-flooded Cultivation with Straw Mulching

A long-term field experiment （started at 2003） was conducted to determine the effects of different dce cultivation methods on growth characteristics and grain yield of late-season rice under double-rice cropping system in seasonal drought region of southeast China （Yujiang County, Jiangxi Province）. The rice cultivation methods included no-tillage and flooded rice cultivation （N-F）, no-tillage and non-flooded rice cultivation with straw mulching （N-SM）, and no-tillage and non-flooded rice cultivation without straw mulching （N-ZM）. There was no significant difference in rice grain yield between the N-SM and N-F treatments. However, the rice grain yields in the N-SM and N-F treatments were significantly higher than that in the N-ZM treatment. The late-season rice plants in the N-SM treatment had significantly higher numbers of effective panicles and total grains per hill compared with those in the N-ZM treatment. The above-ground dry matter of late-season rice was similar between the N-SM and N-F treatments. Compared with the N-F treatment, the N-ZM and N-SM treatments significantly decreased the leaf area at the heading stage. Moreover, the N-SM treatment could significantly increase total root length and root tip number at the grain-filling stage compared with the N-ZM treatment.

Research on the effect of straw mulching on the soil moisture by field experiment in the piedmont plain of the Taihang Mountains

To reveal the influencing effect of the long-term straw mulching on the soil moisture, this paper employed the field experiment data in 2010 of a typical area of Taihang Mountains plain, observed the soil moisture dynamic regularities under different mulching patterns by virtue of depressimeter and neutron probe, analyzed the characteristics of soil water content and storage in different depths and seasons under the long-term straw mulching. The results showed that the long-term straw mulching can keep the soil moisture conservation of the deep, while decreased the shallow.(1) The long-term straw mulching can changed the type of soil water movement. If no straw mulching, the type is mainly evaporation-infiltration. And with straw mantle the type would change into infiltration. The number of zero flux plane would be reduced or absent.(2) The long-term straw mulching can increase the soil water reserves of the whole soil profile with the depth between 0 cm and 220 cm. But the soil water content of the layer from 30 cm to 80 cm decreased and the soil water content of the layer from 80 cm to 220 cm increased instead., The effect of soil moisture conservation on winter wheat is not obvious;(3) With no straw mulching, the depth of infiltration recharge by rainfall or irrigation is shallower than 80 cm. In a straw mulching, the influence depth is can extend to 120 cm;(4) With no straw mulching, there is a deep layer on the depth of 220 cm between March and June, while this layer will disappear with a long-term straw mulching.

黑土区玉米生理生长特性及产量对不同秸秆覆盖与施肥量的响应

为揭示秸秆覆盖量与施肥量对东北黑土区玉米生理生长特性的影响机制,设置3种秸秆覆盖量(0.5,1.0和1.5倍)和3种施肥量(80%,100%和120%)的交互试验和常规施肥无覆盖对照处理CK共10种处理,研究分析不同秸秆覆盖量与施肥量下玉米叶片净光合速率Pn、气孔导度Gs、胞间CO_(2)浓度Ci和叶绿素SPAD等光合特性指标及株高、产量及其构成要素等生长指标的变化规律,分析各处理生长指标与光合特性参数和产量之间的相关关系,并通过综合指数法优选出效果最优的秸秆覆盖与施肥模式.结果表明:秸秆覆盖和施肥均能提高叶片Pn,Gs和叶绿素SPAD,降低Ci,玉米功能叶片Pn和Gs均随生育时期先增加后减少,而Ci随生育时期先增加后降低;叶绿素整体变化趋势与Pn一致;各处理玉米产量随秸秆覆盖量增加先增加后减少,随施肥量增加而增加,除80%施肥量处理组外其他处理玉米产量较CK处理增加8.9%~21.7%;秸秆覆盖量为8000 kg/hm^(2),施肥量为336 kg/hm^(2)时对研究区域内玉米生长生理及增产效果最佳.

Effects of mulch and planting methods on Medicago ruthenica seed yield and soil physical-chemical properties

Medicago ruthenica (L.) Trautv., a wild grass species, is commonly grown as a forage crop in arid and semi-arid areas of China. Herein, we explored mulch patterns and planting methods for optimizing M. ruthenica seed production in the loess plateau of the Gansu Province, China from 2017 to 2019. The experiments comprised of six treatments including (1) flat ground without mulch (F0, control);(2) flat ground with a transparent white 0.008 mm thick plastic film mulch (FP);(3) flat ground with 4500 kg/hm2 straw mulch (FS);(4) furrow with 10 cm ridges (R0);(5) furrow with plastic film mulch (RP);and (6) furrow with straw mulch (RS). Results showed that the harvested seed yield of M. ruthenica was the highest under RP treatment, followed by FP and FS treatments. Soil moisture content from mid-May to mid-August in 2017 was the highest under RP and FP treatments, followed by RS and FS treatments. In 2018, soil moisture content was the highest under RS and FS treatments. In 2017 and 2018, soil temperature was the highest under FP and RP treatments, followed by F0 and R0 treatments. Total and available nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium contents were the highest under RS and FS treatments, followed by RP and FP treatments. Comprehensive analysis result showed that surface mulch improved soil microenvironment and increased seed yield of M. ruthenica. Straw mulch also effectively recycled excess crop straw, thereby encouraging the sustainable development of agriculture in this area. In conclusion, FS treatment was considered the best mode for M. ruthenica seed production in this area.

Design and test of the bilateral throwing soil-covering device for straw mulching machine in orchards

Aiming to lack the function of soil covering in the developed orchard straw mulching machine(OSM),a kind of bilateral counter-throwing soil-covering device was developed to eliminate the orchard fire risk caused by the straw layer.The soil-covering device was suspended at the rear of the OSM.Its core component was a pair of throwing wheels installed on both sides of a frame.Hydraulic motors drove the throwing wheels to take soil on-site and cover the straw layer.The adjustment range of the space between the throwing wheels on both sides was 1.4-2.1 m.Based on the analysis of soil-covering quantity,soil-covering width,thickness uniformity of soil layer,and power consumption,the key parameters such as the radius,the number of the vane,and the minimum rotation speed of the throwing wheels were determined.It was proved that the thickness uniformity of the soil layer by bilateral counter-throwing was better than by unilateral,and bottom throwing was better than top throwing.The blade of the soil cutter consisted of a straight blade and a curved blade,and the sliding-cutting angle was 14°-40°.The field test results showed the soil-covering device had good performance with a width of 1.4-2.2 m,a thickness of the soil-covering layer(TSL)of 23.2-40.7 mm,a standard deviation(SD)of 1.4-2.9 mm,width uniformity of 100%,and leakage rate of zero.The established model,between the thickness of soil-covering layer and trenching depth,throwing angle,and rotation speed of the throwing wheels,has a determination coefficient of 0.9757 and can be used to guide the operating parameters.The soil cutter reduced the power consumption and impact load of the throwing wheels by 64.77%and 60.88%,respectively.This work provides a type of new equipment for the mechanization technology of straw mulching in arid and semi-arid orchards.

秸秆覆盖量对农田土壤水分和温度动态的影响

2009年4-11月,在山西寿阳旱地农业试验区对覆盖量为1500、3000、4500、6000kg/hm24个不同秸秆覆盖量处理和不覆盖处理的春玉米试验小区进行田间定位观测,采用自动记录土壤剖面水分测定仪和自计温度测定仪实时观测了不同秸秆覆盖处理的玉米全生育期的土壤水分和温度动态,结合生育期土壤蒸发的动态观测,研究了农田秸秆覆盖量对土壤水热动态的影响。结果表明,秸秆覆盖在作物生长前期和旱季对土壤表层的土壤蒸发和温度调控效果明显,秸秆覆盖量越大效果越明显。按照对土壤水分和温度的综合作用,试验区域秸秆覆盖对土壤水分和温度调控效果最佳秸秆覆盖量为4500kg/hm2;秸秆覆盖量越高对土壤蒸发的抑制效果越好,但覆盖量对降雨入渗和土壤温度的影响受降雨强度、土壤湿度、土壤类型等具体条件的不同而产生不同的效果,其规律有待进一步研究。

秸秆覆盖量对红壤旱地棉花生长及土壤温度的影响

为探索红壤旱地较适宜的秸秆覆盖量,采取随机区组大田试验,设置4个秸秆覆盖水平:S1为0 kg/hm^2、S2为4375 kg/hm^2,S3为8750 kg/hm^2和S4为13125 kg/hm^2,研究秸秆覆盖量对红壤旱地棉花产量、出苗率、株高、叶绿素含量和土壤温度的影响。结果表明:秸秆覆盖处理(S2—S4)较不覆盖处理(S1),一是提高棉花出苗率,差异极显著(P<0.01);二是影响棉花生育后期的主茎生长速度,以S4效果最好;三是可明显促进棉花叶绿素含量的增加,且以S3和S4的效果较好;四是调节土壤温度,在8:00和20:00提高土壤温度,在14:00降低土壤温度,且日均地温变化幅度小,但随着土层的加深,调温作用逐渐减弱,整个覆盖期内日均温的差值与土壤深度具有高度的相关性;五是显著增加棉花产量,S2、S3和S4分别比S1高11.4%、35.9%和37.7%,差异极显著(P<0.01),且随着覆盖量的增加,增产效果逐渐提高。综合来看,秸秆覆盖在改善红壤旱地棉花产量、出苗率、株高、叶绿素含量、调节土壤温度方面发挥着重要作用,且以8750—13125 kg/hm^2效果显著,是红壤旱地值得推广的栽培模式。

不同覆草量苹果园土壤水温效应及对树体生长的影响

将麦草覆盖应用于果园,研究不同覆盖用量22 000 kg·hm-2(T1)、33 000 kg·hm-2(T2)、44 000 kg·hm-2(T3)和清耕(CK)在整个生长期对19年生长富2号苹果园0~100 cm土壤水分、5~25 cm土壤温度、树体生长量及果实品质的影响。结果表明:在旱情较重的4—7月,3种覆草处理的平均含水量随覆草量的增加而增大,其中T2和T3处理极显著(P<0.01)高于CK,高出8.98%~27.09%;且3种覆草处理0~20、20~40 cm土层的含水量极显著(P<0.01)高于CK,高出9.36%~73.77%;4—8月3种覆草处理的各深度地温低于CK,4—6月份极显著(P<0.01)低于CK,低出2.11℃~8.02℃;相反,9—11月份高于CK。覆草处理5~20 cm深度土温日变幅极显著(P<0.01)低于CK,低出0.39℃~3.63℃。果实单果重和产量以T2处理最高,3种覆草处理每公顷产量较CK极显著(P<0.01)提高,高出10.70%~20.83%;产量水分利用效率覆草处理较CK极显著(P<0.01)增高,高出9.87%~20.87%。覆草对树体生长量、枝类比例影响不大。综合各种效应及投入产出比,陇东黄土高原苹果园覆草量以22 000~33 000 kg·hm-2较经济适宜。

不同秸秆覆盖量对春玉米冠气温差和叶水势日变化的影响

为了探明不同秸秆覆盖量对春玉米冠气温差(CATD)和叶水势(LWP)日变化的影响,在渭北旱塬设置了3种不同秸秆覆盖量(4 5009、000、13 500 kg/hm2),以不覆盖为对照(CK),研究了孕穗期春玉米冠气温差及叶水势的日变化。结果表明,4 500～13 500 kg/hm2覆盖量处理,较CK均能显著降低CATD、提高LWP(P<0.05),尤其中午13:00—15:00效果最为明显。9 000 kg/hm2覆盖量处理综合表现最优,其日平均和14:00的CATD分别为0.79、-0.20℃,较CK依次降低了75.8%、111.4%,差异均显著(P<0.05),15:00时LWP为-1.58 MPa,较CK增加7.06%(P<0.05);其次为13 500 kg/hm2覆盖量处理,其日平均和14:00的冠气温差与9 000 kg/hm2覆盖量处理无显著差异(P>0.05);4 500 kg/hm2覆盖量处理表现最差,与CK无显著差异(P>0.05)。各处理冠气温差与秸秆覆盖量、土壤贮水量均呈显著负相关(P<0.05)。研究认为,冠气温差可合理反映不同覆盖量条件下作物水分亏缺程度和土壤水分变化状况,且渭北旱塬适宜的秸秆覆盖量以9 000 kg/hm2为宜。

秸秆覆盖量对农田土面蒸发的影响

【研究目的】为研究秸秆量与夏玉米农田保墒效果之间关系,【方法】结合小区试验和微型蒸发皿定量观测,研究了0、0.6、0.9、1.2 kg/m24种不同秸秆覆盖量对农田土面蒸发的影响规律。【结果】试验表明在无种植情况下,秸秆覆盖大于0.6 kg/m2时,能明显影响和保持0￣50 cm土层的土壤含水量。秸秆覆盖量大于0.9 kg/m2时,保墒效果不再明显增加。结合干旱小区玉米试验发现,秸秆覆盖量在0.6￣0.9kg/m2范围时,玉米增产效果明显。【结论】秸秆覆盖量为0.6￣0.9 kg/m2范围时,可获得较好的保水和增产效果。

渭北旱塬小麦不同栽培模式对土壤硝态氮残留的影响

在陕西渭北旱塬进行了4年田间小麦试验，研究了旱地不同栽培模式、施氮量睇Ⅱ种植密度对土壤硝态氮残留累积的影响。结果表明，种植小麦4年后，0-200cm土壤剖面中残留硝态氮为29．87-462．59kg／hm0，且主要积累在80-160cm土层，土壤氮库不仅明显．且残留比前3年土壤剖面显著下移（前3年主要累积在100cm），差异达显著和极显著水平；不同栽培模式和种植密度0-200cm土层硝态氮残留累积规律及其小麦籽粒吸氮量基本相似，排序均为：地膜覆盖〉常规种植〉秸秆覆盖〉垄沟种植；随施氮量的增加土壤硝态氮残留量也相应增加．N0处理0-200cm土壤平均硝态氮残留量为57．69kg／hm^2．N120处理平均为97．04kg／hm^2，虽然高于无氮处理，但两者差异未达到显著水平．N240处理平均为355．43kg／hm^2，比前者增加的幅度更大，其差异达到极显著水平。因施氮肥而增加的土壤硝态氮残留量为14．9～401．18kg／hm^2．平均占4年施氮量的19．59％，其中地膜覆盖占26．07％，常规种植占20．98％，秸秆覆盖占17．46％，垄沟种植种植占13．87％。

秸秆覆盖量对夏玉米产量影响的试验研究

通过对夏玉米在露天和干旱棚控水2种土壤水分状况下生长状况的观测,发现秸秆覆盖夏玉米有明显增产效应,作物水分利用效率均得到了不同程度提高。通过对0、3000、6000、9000、12000 kg/hm2五种处理下玉米状况的对比,得出6000 kg/hm2为渭河平原地区最适宜夏玉米田秸秆覆盖量。在6000 kg/hm2覆盖量下,露天小区夏玉米可增产5.61%。试验证明,渭河平原地区秸秆覆盖夏玉米,增产潜力大,是一种值得推广的玉米增产措施。

不同土壤水分和不同覆盖条件下麦田水分动态和增产机理研究

1997年 1月至 1 998年 6月在郑州水分试验场进行了小麦田覆盖期、覆盖量和土壤水分处理试验 .结果表明 ,覆盖是一种行之有效的保墒增产措施 .不同覆盖期、不同覆盖量和不同土壤水分对小麦干物重、叶面积、蒸腾强度、产量和水分利用效率有着显著的影响 .覆盖期、覆盖量和土壤水分含量的最佳结合点为 :冬前小麦停止生长之日、55%～ 70 %土壤相对湿度、450 0～ 60 0 0 kg/ hm2覆盖量 .在此状况下 ,产量可增加 1 8.5% ,水分利用效率提高 2 2 .1 % .

不同小麦秸秆覆盖量对不同植烟土壤理化性状的影响

通过田间小区试验研究了不同小麦秸秆的覆盖量(无秸秆覆盖为对照,覆盖量为250,500,750 kg/667m2为3个处理)对不同植烟土壤理化性状的影响。结果表明:地烟覆盖量为750,500 kg/667m2的处理在各个生育期土壤含水量分别显著高于对照20.97%,36.63%,11.25%,18.07%及4.35%,9.15%,4.56%,15.46%(P<0.05),田烟仅在覆盖量为750 kg/667 m2时在各个生育期分别显著高于对照4.88%,16.60%,9.01%,11.48%(P<0.05)。采收后,覆盖量为750 kg/667 m2时,地烟的土壤容重显著低于对照5.72%(P<0.05);田烟的土壤pH值显著低于对照11.39%(P<0.05)。采收后秸秆覆盖处理的地烟土壤pH分别显著低于对照3.08%,5.64%,7.86%(P<0.05);田烟的土壤容重分别显著低于对照2.84%,4.43%,6.19%(P<0.05)。覆盖量为750 kg/667 m2时,地烟的土壤碱解氮和速效钾含量,田烟的速效钾含量在多数生育期显著高于对照(P<0.05);覆盖量为500/667 m2时,地烟的速效磷,田烟的碱解氮和速效磷含量在在多数生育期显著高于对照(P<0.05)。总体来看,不同小麦秸秆覆盖量对地烟和田烟土壤理化性状的影响均存在相同点和差异,覆盖量为500 kg/667 m2的处理对土壤理化性质的协调性最好。

秸秆还田量对旱地全膜覆土穴播春小麦水分利用及产量的影响

为了解半干旱区秸秆还田量对全膜覆土穴播春小麦水分利用和产量的影响,2018年在甘肃中部半干旱旱作区(35°35′N,104°36′E)开展大田试验,以陇春35号为供试品种,设置1500 kg·hm^(-2)秸秆还田(SRL)、3000 kg·hm^(-2)秸秆还田(SRM)、4500 kg·hm^(-2)秸秆还田(SRH)和无秸秆还田(CK)4个处理,测定和分析了不同处理下全膜覆土穴播春小麦不同生育时期0~300 cm土壤贮水量、0~300 cm土层阶段耗水量和WUE的特点。结果表明,与CK相比,不同量的秸秆还田均可提高春小麦播种到抽穗期0~300 cm土层土壤贮水量和拔节到灌浆期春小麦对0~300 cm土层的耗水量,降低拔节到成熟期冠层温度,显著增加春小麦叶片SPAD值、叶面积指数、生物量、产量和水分利用效率。SRM处理的产量较SRH和SRL处理分别增加4.0%和17.4%,WUE分别提高4.8%和16.0%。因此,在甘肃中东部半干旱旱作区,全膜覆土穴播春小麦的适宜秸秆还田量为3000 kg·hm^(-2);秸秆还田能够改善春小麦生育前中期土壤墒情,有利于中后期水分利用,促进春小麦叶片光合物质生产,最终实现增产和水分高效利用。

玉米整秆带状覆盖量对旱地冬小麦土壤水分利用的影响

为明确西北黄土高原半干旱雨养条件下,玉米整秆带状覆盖适宜的秸秆覆盖量,以露地种植为对照(CK),研究了4种覆盖量(T_1:6 750kg/hm^2,T_2:9 000kg/hm^2,T_3:11 250kg/hm^2,T_4:13 500kg/hm^2)对旱地冬小麦土壤水分和产量的影响。结果表明:4种覆盖量较CK显著增产12.1%~23.3%,提高水分利用效率13.4%~26.8%。产量与单位面积穗数呈显著正相关(r=0.937),整秆带状覆盖较CK可显著(除T_3)提高单位面积穗数10.4%~19.0%,以T_2单位面积穗数最高。全生育期0—200cm土层平均含水量4种覆盖量均显著高于CK,较CK高0.7~1.0个百分点,以T_1土壤水分状况最好。4种覆盖量可显著改善灌浆前0—200cm土壤墒情,但从灌浆期开始0—90cm土壤含水量普遍不如CK。4种覆盖量间,以T_2全生育期0—60cm土壤墒情最好,且其增产和提高水分利用效率效果也最显著。

小麦秸秆覆盖量对不同植烟土壤微生物数量的影响

采用田间小区试验,研究了小麦秸秆覆盖量(覆盖量为0、250、500、750 kg/(667 m2)等4个处理)对不同植烟土壤微生物数量的影响。结果表明:覆盖量越大,地烟和田烟根际土壤细菌、放线菌和纤维分解菌的数量越大,覆盖量为750 kg/(667 m2)时,采收后,地烟和田烟土壤中细菌、放线菌和纤维分解菌的数量最多,分别比对照增加了112.92%、88.97%、311.87%和176.13%、43.40%、233.85%。地烟不同秸秆覆盖量处理的土壤细菌数量较无秸秆覆盖处理增加了1.81～2.13倍;放线菌增加了1.08～1.89倍;纤维分解菌增加了1.49～4.1倍;固氮菌则在覆盖量为500 kg/(667 m2)时增加的数量最多,显著高于无秸秆覆盖;秸秆覆盖量对真菌的数量也有影响。田烟不同秸秆覆盖量处理的土壤根际细菌数量较无秸秆覆盖处理增加了1.87～2.76倍;放线菌增加了1.12～1.43倍;纤维分解菌增加了1.3～3.39倍;覆盖量为500 kg/(667 m2)时,土壤中真菌和固氮菌的数量最多,分别比无秸秆覆盖增加2.24倍、1.60倍,且差异显著。