In modern VLSI technology, hundreds of thousands of arithmetic units fit on a 1cm^2 chip. The challenge is supplying them with instructions and data. Stream architecture is able to solve the problem well. However, the...In modern VLSI technology, hundreds of thousands of arithmetic units fit on a 1cm^2 chip. The challenge is supplying them with instructions and data. Stream architecture is able to solve the problem well. However, the applications suited for typical stream architecture are limited. This paper presents the definition of regular stream and irregular stream, and then describes MASA （Multiple-morphs Adaptive Stream Architecture） prototype system which supports different execution models according to applications＇ stream characteristics. This paper first discusses MASA architecture and stream model, and then explores the features and advantages of MASA through mapping stream applications to hardware. Finally MASA is evaluated by ten benchmarks. The result is encouraging.展开更多
As an important branch of information security algorithms,the efficient and flexible implementation of stream ciphers is vital.Existing implementation methods,such as FPGA,GPP and ASIC,provide a good support,but they ...As an important branch of information security algorithms,the efficient and flexible implementation of stream ciphers is vital.Existing implementation methods,such as FPGA,GPP and ASIC,provide a good support,but they could not achieve a better tradeoff between high speed processing and high flexibility.ASIC has fast processing speed,but its flexibility is poor,GPP has high flexibility,but the processing speed is slow,FPGA has high flexibility and processing speed,but the resource utilization is very low.This paper studies a stream cryptographic processor which can efficiently and flexibly implement a variety of stream cipher algorithms.By analyzing the structure model,processing characteristics and storage characteristics of stream ciphers,a reconfigurable stream cryptographic processor with special instructions based on VLIW is presented,which has separate/cluster storage structure and is oriented to stream cipher operations.The proposed instruction structure can effectively support stream cipher processing with multiple data bit widths,parallelism among stream cipher processing with different data bit widths,and parallelism among branch control and stream cipher processing with high instruction level parallelism;the designed separate/clustered special bit registers and general register heaps,key register heaps can satisfy cryptographic requirements.So the proposed processor not only flexibly accomplishes the combination of multiple basic stream cipher operations to finish stream cipher algorithms.It has been implemented with 0.18μm CMOS technology,the test results show that the frequency can reach 200 MHz,and power consumption is 310 mw.Ten kinds of stream ciphers were realized in the processor.The key stream generation throughput of Grain-80,W7,MICKEY,ACHTERBAHN and Shrink algorithm is 100 Mbps,66.67 Mbps,66.67 Mbps,50 Mbps and 800 Mbps,respectively.The test result shows that the processor presented can achieve good tradeoff between high performance and flexibility of stream ciphers.展开更多
The main purpose of this paper is to analyze and provide reliable solutions to the Reiki application technique,starting from the fundamental principles expressed by the Reiki origin philosophy,which are proved to be i...The main purpose of this paper is to analyze and provide reliable solutions to the Reiki application technique,starting from the fundamental principles expressed by the Reiki origin philosophy,which are proved to be in accordance with the Informational Model of Human and Living Structures(IMHLS).This model reveals the following main fundamental features of the living organisms:(i)On the entire scale of evolution and organization,from the eukaryotic cell-the composing unit of human,plants,animals to human,the living organisms show a similar informational structure,defined as Informational System of Human and Living Structure(ISHLS);(ii)this informational system is organized in seven informational components,three of them assuring the structuration/restructuration/reproduction and maintenance of the body itself,and the other four the connection with external/inner reality for adaptation;(iii)the neuro-connections between brain and body of the informational components of the ISHLS correspond with the activity of“Chakras”of the ancient empirical model as vital centers of human;(iv)the activity of the ISHLS is reflected in mind by cognitive centers,explaining consciousness.The comparison between the informational results of the IMHLS,with the philosophic Reiki origin concepts,sustains the application of Reiki technique,but improves its understanding and right application by using new,modern concepts developed by the informational model,in accordance not only with their ancient,empirical expression,but much more than that,with actual scientific knowledge on this issue nowadays,concerning information and info-transferring/communication stream in the living bodies.The successful application and effective results of this new version allow to consider this as Ro-Reiki version,just to recognize the essential Romanian contribution to this improvement,concerning the implication and effectiveness of information and the info-communication mechanisms into the human and living organisms,explained in scientific terms of information and psycho-somatic therapy effects.展开更多
汉语是一种有调语言,因此在汉语语音识别中,调型信息起着非常关键的作用。在现有的隐马尔可夫模型(Hidden Markov Model)框架下,如何有效地利用调型信息是有待研究的问题。现有的汉语语音识别系统中主要采用两种方式来使用调型信息:一...汉语是一种有调语言,因此在汉语语音识别中,调型信息起着非常关键的作用。在现有的隐马尔可夫模型(Hidden Markov Model)框架下,如何有效地利用调型信息是有待研究的问题。现有的汉语语音识别系统中主要采用两种方式来使用调型信息:一种是基于Embedded Tone Model,即将调型特征向量与声学特征向量组成一个流去训练模型;一种是Explicit Tone Model,即将调型信息单独建模,再利用此模型优化原有的解码网络。该文将两种方法统一起来,首先利用Embedded Tone Model采用双流而非单流建模得到Nbest备选,再利用Explicit ToneModel对调进行左相关建模并对Nbest得分重新修正以得到识别结果,从而获得性能提升。与传统的无调模型相比,该文方法的识别率的平均绝对提升超过了3.0%,在第三测试集上的绝对提升达到了5.36%。展开更多
文摘In modern VLSI technology, hundreds of thousands of arithmetic units fit on a 1cm^2 chip. The challenge is supplying them with instructions and data. Stream architecture is able to solve the problem well. However, the applications suited for typical stream architecture are limited. This paper presents the definition of regular stream and irregular stream, and then describes MASA （Multiple-morphs Adaptive Stream Architecture） prototype system which supports different execution models according to applications＇ stream characteristics. This paper first discusses MASA architecture and stream model, and then explores the features and advantages of MASA through mapping stream applications to hardware. Finally MASA is evaluated by ten benchmarks. The result is encouraging.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China with granted No.61404175
文摘As an important branch of information security algorithms,the efficient and flexible implementation of stream ciphers is vital.Existing implementation methods,such as FPGA,GPP and ASIC,provide a good support,but they could not achieve a better tradeoff between high speed processing and high flexibility.ASIC has fast processing speed,but its flexibility is poor,GPP has high flexibility,but the processing speed is slow,FPGA has high flexibility and processing speed,but the resource utilization is very low.This paper studies a stream cryptographic processor which can efficiently and flexibly implement a variety of stream cipher algorithms.By analyzing the structure model,processing characteristics and storage characteristics of stream ciphers,a reconfigurable stream cryptographic processor with special instructions based on VLIW is presented,which has separate/cluster storage structure and is oriented to stream cipher operations.The proposed instruction structure can effectively support stream cipher processing with multiple data bit widths,parallelism among stream cipher processing with different data bit widths,and parallelism among branch control and stream cipher processing with high instruction level parallelism;the designed separate/clustered special bit registers and general register heaps,key register heaps can satisfy cryptographic requirements.So the proposed processor not only flexibly accomplishes the combination of multiple basic stream cipher operations to finish stream cipher algorithms.It has been implemented with 0.18μm CMOS technology,the test results show that the frequency can reach 200 MHz,and power consumption is 310 mw.Ten kinds of stream ciphers were realized in the processor.The key stream generation throughput of Grain-80,W7,MICKEY,ACHTERBAHN and Shrink algorithm is 100 Mbps,66.67 Mbps,66.67 Mbps,50 Mbps and 800 Mbps,respectively.The test result shows that the processor presented can achieve good tradeoff between high performance and flexibility of stream ciphers.
文摘The main purpose of this paper is to analyze and provide reliable solutions to the Reiki application technique,starting from the fundamental principles expressed by the Reiki origin philosophy,which are proved to be in accordance with the Informational Model of Human and Living Structures(IMHLS).This model reveals the following main fundamental features of the living organisms:(i)On the entire scale of evolution and organization,from the eukaryotic cell-the composing unit of human,plants,animals to human,the living organisms show a similar informational structure,defined as Informational System of Human and Living Structure(ISHLS);(ii)this informational system is organized in seven informational components,three of them assuring the structuration/restructuration/reproduction and maintenance of the body itself,and the other four the connection with external/inner reality for adaptation;(iii)the neuro-connections between brain and body of the informational components of the ISHLS correspond with the activity of“Chakras”of the ancient empirical model as vital centers of human;(iv)the activity of the ISHLS is reflected in mind by cognitive centers,explaining consciousness.The comparison between the informational results of the IMHLS,with the philosophic Reiki origin concepts,sustains the application of Reiki technique,but improves its understanding and right application by using new,modern concepts developed by the informational model,in accordance not only with their ancient,empirical expression,but much more than that,with actual scientific knowledge on this issue nowadays,concerning information and info-transferring/communication stream in the living bodies.The successful application and effective results of this new version allow to consider this as Ro-Reiki version,just to recognize the essential Romanian contribution to this improvement,concerning the implication and effectiveness of information and the info-communication mechanisms into the human and living organisms,explained in scientific terms of information and psycho-somatic therapy effects.
文摘汉语是一种有调语言,因此在汉语语音识别中,调型信息起着非常关键的作用。在现有的隐马尔可夫模型(Hidden Markov Model)框架下,如何有效地利用调型信息是有待研究的问题。现有的汉语语音识别系统中主要采用两种方式来使用调型信息:一种是基于Embedded Tone Model,即将调型特征向量与声学特征向量组成一个流去训练模型;一种是Explicit Tone Model,即将调型信息单独建模,再利用此模型优化原有的解码网络。该文将两种方法统一起来,首先利用Embedded Tone Model采用双流而非单流建模得到Nbest备选,再利用Explicit ToneModel对调进行左相关建模并对Nbest得分重新修正以得到识别结果,从而获得性能提升。与传统的无调模型相比,该文方法的识别率的平均绝对提升超过了3.0%,在第三测试集上的绝对提升达到了5.36%。
