Selective CO_(2)Electroreduction to Multi-Carbon Products on Organic-Functionalized CuO Nanoparticles by Local Micro-Environment Modulation

Surface functionalization of Cu-based catalysts has demonstrated promising potential for enhancing the electrochemical CO_(2)reduction reaction(CO_(2)RR)toward multi-carbon(C2+)products,primarily by suppressing the parasitic hydrogen evolution reaction and facilitating a localized CO_(2)/CO concentration at the electrode.Building upon this approach,we developed surface-functionalized catalysts with exceptional activity and selectivity for electrocatalytic CO_(2)RR to C_(2+)in a neutral electrolyte.Employing CuO nanoparticles coated with hexaethynylbenzene organic molecules(HEB-CuO NPs),a remarkable C_(2+)Faradaic efficiency of nearly 90%was achieved at an unprecedented current density of 300 mA cm^(-2),and a high FE(>80%)was maintained at a wide range of current densities(100-600 mA cm^(-2))in neutral environments using a flow cell.Furthermore,in a membrane electrode assembly(MEA)electrolyzer,86.14%FEC2+was achieved at a partial current density of 387.6 mA cm^(-2)while maintaining continuous operation for over 50 h at a current density of 200 mA cm^(-2).In-situ spectroscopy studies and molecular dynamics simulations reveal that reducing the coverage of coordinated K⋅H2O water increased the probability of intermediate reactants(CO)interacting with the surface,thereby promoting efficient C-C coupling and enhancing the yield of C_(2+)products.This advancement offers significant potential for optimizing local micro-environments for sustainable and highly efficient C_(2+)production.

Effects of different irrigation methods on micro-environments and root distribution in winter wheat fields

The irrigation method used in winter wheat fields affects micro-environment factors, such as relative humidity（RH） within canopy, soil temperature, topsoil bulk density, soil matric potential, and soil nutrients, and these changes may affect plant root growth.An experiment was carried out to explore the effects of irrigation method on micro-environments and root distribution in a winter wheat field in the 2007–2008 and 2008–2009 growing seasons.The results showed that border irrigation（BI）, sprinkler irrigation（SI）, and surface drip irrigation（SDI） had no significant effects on soil temperature.Topsoil bulk density, RH within the canopy, soil available N distribution, and soil matric potential were significantly affected by the three treatments.The change in soil matric potential was the key reason for the altered root profile distribution patterns.Additionally, more fine roots were produced in the BI treatment when soil water content was low and topsoil bulk density was high.Root growth was most stimulated in the top soil layers and inhibited in the deep layers in the SDI treatment, followed by SI and BI, which was due to the different water application frequencies.As a result, the root profile distribution differed, depending on the irrigation method used.The root distribution pattern changes could be described by the power level variation in the exponential function.A good knowledge of root distribution patterns is important when attempting to model water and nutrient movements and when studying soil-plant interactions.

Packaging Bags with the Function of Micro-environment Modification

Three kinds of packaging bags composited with barrier film and moisture absorbents were designed in order to find out how to create an internal micro-environment with low O2content and relative humidity( RH). Peanuts with different moisture contents were filled into packaging bags and stored in an environmental chamber for a certain period of time. An RH recorder was sealed in each bag and the RH inside the bag was recorded. The moisture contents of peanuts before and after storage were measured as well.It is found that peanuts with moisture content of 13% can reduce O2content inside the bag by the aerobic respiration,achieving the self modified atmosphere packaging( MAP) effect. A microenvironment with lower RH can be created by using super-absorbent fiber( SAF) or mineral bag as the moisture absorbent. The moisture contents of peanuts stored in the bags with SAF and mineral bag as moisture absorbent decreased from 13% to 10. 5%and 11. 3%,respectively. SAF is a promising material of packaging bags composited with barrier film,in which a low RH and high CO2content can be created.

3D numerical simulation of avascular tumour growth:effect of hypoxic micro-environment in host tissue

A three-dimensional （3D） mathematical model of tumour growth at the avascular phase and vessel remodelling in host tissues is proposed with emphasis on the study of the interactions of tumour growth and hypoxic micro-environment in host tissues. The hybrid based model includes the continuum part, such as the distributions of oxygen and vascular endothelial growth factors （VEGFs）, and the discrete part of tumour cells （TCs） and blood vessel networks. The simulation shows the dynamic process of avascular tumour growth from a fewinitial cells to an equilibrium state with varied vessel networks. After a phase of rapidly increasing numbers of the TCs, more and more host vessels collapse due to the stress caused by the growing tumour. In addition, the consumption of oxygen expands with the enlarged tumour region. The study also discusses the effects of certain factors on tumour growth, including the density and configuration of pre- existing vessel networks and the blood oxygen content. The model enables us to examine the relationship between early tumour growth and hypoxic micro-environment in host tissues, which can be useful for further applications, such as tumour metastasis and the initialization of tumour angiogenesis.

The Construction of Micro-Environment in the College English Learning Based on the Rogers＇ Humanistic Teaching Theory

A small English class can be called as a micro-environment for English study. In this small micro-environment, the relationship between teachers and students is subtle. How to achieve the good interaction and create a good micro-environment in English class between teachers and students is very important for developing students＇ learning ability. This thesis is based on Rogers＇ humanistic teaching theory, which uses questionnaires, inteview and comparative analysis to analyze the current situation of micro-environment in college English learning. It discusses the construction of micro-environment in college English learning based on Rogers＇ humanistic teaching theory and the ways to construct it from software conditions （roles of teachers and students, relationship between teachers and students, the classroom atmosphere） and hardware conditions（teaching resources, a classroom）.

Factors Contributing to Contamination of Street Foods in Bamako, Mali

The World Health Organization states that foodborne diseases are a worldwide public health issue. Although street foods can provide nutritious and affordable ready-to-eat meals for city dwellers, their health risks can outweigh the benefits. A cross-sectional study was conducted in the Bamako district, focusing on street food vendors near schools, universities, extensive markets, administrative centers, and major roads. We aimed to sample fifty (50) sellers per municipality, making 300 sellers for the Bamako district. We developed a survey sheet to collect data, and six teams rotated between the municipalities each month. Before starting the collection, the teams were provided administrative papers approved by the municipal authority. The survey revealed three types of sales sites: fixed (65%), semi-fixed (30%), and mobile (4.40%). The proportion of sellers was 26.8%, 23.2%, 19.7%, and 4.2% in municipalities III, IV, and I. In municipalities I, II, III, IV, and VI, respectively, 92%, 95.70%, 93%, 87.2%, and 100% of the sellers were female. The age distribution of sellers was 65.63%, 46.81%, 40.82%, 38.30%, 36.17%, 36%, and 32% in the 25-34 and 35 - 44 age groups. Illiteracy rates were 59.20%, 61.70%, 55.30%, 75%, and 56% in municipalities I, II, III, IV, and VI, respectively. The study identified two categories of sellers: 48.3% in type 1 and 51.7% in type 2. The first category comprised 154 sellers, and the second 165 sellers. The survey found that 66.00%, 56.00%, 48.90%, 44.90%, 38.30%, and 34.40% of municipal V, VI, III, I, II, and IV sales sites were open-air. In municipality I, 63.30% of the sites were under hangars, while in municipalities II and IV, the corresponding percentages were 51.10% and 59.40%, respectively. Moreover, 46.00%, 31.90%, 31.30%, 30.60%, and 27.70% of the sites in municipalities VI, II, IV, I, and III were located next to gutters. In conclusion, this study identified several factors that could compromise the quality of street foods sold in the six municipalities of Bamako.

Assessment of Physico-Chemical and Microbial Quality of Sugarcane Juice Sold by Street Vendors in Three Regions of Bangladesh

Sugar cane juice is a popular refreshing drink in most part of Bangladesh. It has great taste and health benefits;also it is available most of the public places at reasonable prices which consumed by road side customers including general public, shopping personals, tourists, students. In our country, street vendors crushing sugarcane between roller crusher and sold without any heat treatment or preservative, also served with or without added ice and lemon juice. The study aimed to identify and compare the physico-chemical and microbial quality of sugarcane juice. The chemical qualities of juices including moisture, PH, ash, total soluble solid, total sugar, reducing sugar and titrable acidity were found slightly different in Mymensingh, Gazipur and Narayangonj areas. The highest and lowest value of moisture, ash, PH, total soluble solids, total sugar, reducing sugar and titrable acidity were found in 84.33% - 79.26% (Gazipur-Mymensingh), 0.57% - 0.04% (Mymensingh-Gazipur), 5.9 - 2.9 (Gazipur-Narayangonj), 17.48% - 4.98% (Mymensingh-Narayangonj), 21.9% - 6.56% (Mymensingh-Gazipur), 3.7 - 2.1 (Gazipur-Mymensingh) and 0.523% - 0.007% (Narayangonj-Gazipur) respectively. For microbiological analysis, the total viable count of sugar cane juice in Mymensingh, Gazipur and Narayangonj were ranged from 0.6 × 105 - 43.6 × 105 cfu/ml, 4.6 × 105 - 21.6 × 105 cfu/ml and 3.6 × 105 - 36.6 × 105 cfu/ml respectively, where the permitted value is 1.0 × 104 cfu/ml, whereas the total coliform count was ranged from 0.4 × 105 - 6.4 × 105 cfu/ml, 0.6 × 105 - 8.4 × 105 cfu/ml and 0.00 - 8.4 × 105 cfu/ml, where the permitted value is 100 cfu/ml and total fungal count was ranged from 5.5 × 105 - 56.5 × 105 cfu/ml, 21.5 × 105 - 54.5 × 105 cfu/ml and 32.5 × 105 - 68.5 × 105 cfu/ml, where the permitted value is 1000 cfu/ml. According to the Gulf standard, the microbiological parameters of all the collected sugar cane juice were out of the permitted standards, so that a serious health outbreak can be caused anytime.

Kármán vortex street in a spin–orbit-coupled Bose–Einstein condensate with PT symmetry

The dynamics of spin–orbit-coupled Bose–Einstein condensate with parity-time symmetry through a moving obstacle potential is simulated numerically. In the miscible two-component condensate, the formation of the Kármán vortex street is observed in one component, while ‘the half-quantum vortex street' is observed in the other component. Other patterns of vortex shedding, such as oblique vortex dipoles, V-shaped vortex pairs, irregular turbulence, and combined modes of various wakes, can also be found. The ratio of inter-vortex spacing in one row to the distance between vortex rows is approximately0.18, which is less than the stability condition 0.28 of classical fluid. The drag force acting on the obstacle potential is simulated. The parametric regions of Kármán vortex street and other vortex patterns are calculated. The range of Kármán vortex street is surrounded by the region of combined modes. In addition, spin–orbit coupling disrupts the symmetry of the system and the gain-loss affects the local particle distribution of the system, which leads to the local symmetry breaking of the system, and finally influences the stability of the Kármán vortex street. Finally, we propose an experimental protocol to realize the Kármán vortex street in a system.

Design Strategy of Street Space Micro Renewal: A Case Study of Baihuazhou District of Nanchang City

Against the backdrop of incremental planning moving towards stock planning, strengtheningurban public space design to promote high-quality urban development has become a focus of attentionfor domestic scholars. Street is a linear element of urban public space, and it is of great significance forimproving the quality of urban public space by studying the micro renewal design strategy of street space.Based on the interpretation of two urban renewal cases, Wangjing Street in Beijing and Mengzhuiwan inChengdu, taking Baihuazhou area in Nanchang City as an example, this paper analyzes the main problemsin the current situation of street space in Baihuazhou area from three aspects: space use, traffic organization,and waterfront space creation, and explores the micro renewal design strategy of the street space.

Commuting Space of Primary and Secondary Schools in the Context of Child Friendly Cities:A Case Study of Bajiao Street of Shijingshan District

With the continuous promotion of the construction of child friendly cities,the school commuting space is an important component of the construction of child friendly roads.Based on the background of child friendly cities,the commuting space of 11 primary and secondary schools in Bajiao Street is analyzed through literature analysis and field research methods.Firstly,the relevant literature on school commuting space is sorted out,and the characteristics of school commuting space are summarized,including transportation,landscape,culture,leisure,and security.Secondly,the characteristics of commuting space of primary and secondary schools in Bajiao Street are analyzed from three aspects:in front of the school gate,path space,and node space.This paper aims to provide reference and guidance for the future construction of children’s walking school commuting and promote the construction of a child friendly city.

Spatial Distribution Characteristics and Coverage Rate of Commercial Facilities in 15-minute Radius Livelihood Service Circles of Chunshu Street

Building a 15-minute radius livelihood service circle from the needs of residents is a topdown process of optimizing urban layout and promoting high-quality development implemented by the government.In September 2022,Xicheng District of Beijing served as a national pilot of the 15-minute radius livelihood service circle.Based on the data of POI,urban walking network and building outline,this paper studies the coverage of commercial service facilities in the 15-minute radius livelihood service circle of Chunshu Street by using kernel density analysis and urban network analysis tools.The research shows that the commercial facilities are concentrated in Zhuangsheng Square and Dazhalan commercial district.There are large gaps in housekeeping and couriers logistics facilities,which need to be further improved.

Time Street

On a cold morning,I inadvertently opened a door-the door of oblivion…In a flash,I found myself on a street.Two big words appeared before my eyes:“Time Street”.But there were few people on the street,and it was not as I had imagined.

Application of Smart Streetlights in Urban Road Lighting

The construction and installation of street lighting is an important element in the modernization of China’s cities.Besides,it also plays an important role in raising the living standards of the people.In recent years,with the technological and economic development,smart street lighting has gradually emerged.Key functions of smart street lighting include road illumination,cultural promotion,meteorological monitoring,public broadcasting,and 5G micro-base stations.The overall quality of smart street lighting construction directly impacts the effectiveness of urban development and the city’s comprehensive growth.This paper analyzes the concept of smart street lighting,its advantages and disadvantages,the functionalities of smart street light systems,and the application of smart street lighting in urban road illumination.

The Impact of Street Interviews on Chinese EFL Undergraduates’Intercultural Communicative Competence

The study adopts Byram’s Intercultural Communicative Competence(ICC)model as the theoretical framework,and structured interviews were conducted to explore the impact of street interviews on the participants’ICC.Analysis results revealed street interviews help students acquire knowledge in intercultural attitudes,intercultural knowledge,skills of discovery and interaction,and critical cultural awareness,aligning with the four components of Byram’s ICC model.Meanwhile,they have positive perceptions of street interviews.Therefore,street interviews have a positive effect on the development of participants’ICC.

Intelligent Solar Chasing Street Light System Design and Fabrication Summaries

This project adopts an advanced microcontroller as the core control unit,which accurately commands the servo drive,realizes the real-time light chasing and charging function of the solar panel,and effectively manages the power supply system of the street light.At the same time,the system is able to continuously monitor the operation status of the servo within the range of 0°to 180°to ensure that it is trouble-free and not offline.The hardware system construction consists of five modules:a power module,solar panel module,servo module,street light module,and Organic Light-Emitting Diode(OLED)display module.Each module works together to support the stable operation of the whole system.The system workflow is to accurately determine the direction of the light source by collecting real-time light intensity data through four precision photoresistors.Subsequently,the microcontroller intelligently controls the helm module based on these data to drive the solar panel to rotate within a range of 180°to accurately track the sun’s orientation.The street light provides two lighting modes,automatic and manual,to meet the needs of different scenarios.During the daytime,the solar panels work actively to monitor and collect solar energy efficiently in real-time,meanwhile,when night falls,the solar panels switch to standby mode and the streetlights light up automatically,illuminating the road ahead for pedestrians.Compared with the traditional solar street lights on the market,the intelligent solar light chasing road system introduced in this project has significant advantages.Its unique light-chasing algorithm enables the solar panel to continuously track the light source from sunrise to sunset,thus significantly improving the charging efficiency.Compared with traditional street lights,the biggest advantage of this project is the proposed light-chasing algorithm,which can always charge from sunrise until sunset,making the charging efficiency increase by 38%to 47%.The charging efficiency is 20%to 38%higher than that of traditional street lamps.Simultaneously,the biggest advantage of this project is that the power storage capacity is higher than 35%of the traditional solar street light.Bringing users a more durable and stable lighting experience.

基于Walnut Street修正模型的短波信道仿真算法

传统短波信道Watterson模型只能模拟信道短期变化规律。为模拟短波信道在各种长度时间段内的变化,针对短波信道接收端信噪比统计特性,提出了一种基于信噪比重放的短波信道仿真算法。该算法以Walnut Street信道模型为基础,通过对实际观测数据进行分析处理,建立接收端信噪比变化的中期和长期变化统计模型,联合Watterson模型实现信道模拟。仿真结果表明,该算法可反映实际信噪比变化规律,为短波网络仿真提供精确的信道质量模拟。

Plant Landscape Design for Commercial Pedestrian Streets

In view of the deficiencies in landscaping of commercial pedestrian streets,this study elaborated the functions of plant landscapes,such as improving the street environment,beautifying the street,creating spaces of diversified uses,and attracting more pedestrians.On the basis of this,plant landscape design principles and techniques for commercial pedestrian streets were put forward,by combining with successful cases,relevant design suggestions were given for particular streets or environments,so as to provide references for the landscaping of commercial pedestrian streets.

基于Street Factory的城市三维模型构建方法研究

提出基于Street Factory的倾斜影像处理与三维模型快速构建方法,并用实际的Lecia RCD-30倾斜影像数据进行试验,对其中的控制点布设、模型精度等进行研究,可为倾斜影像在三维模型快速创建中的大规模应用提供一定的经验指导与技术支持。

基于Open Street Map数据的地理信息分析与提取技术

Open Street Map作为一个开放众源地理信息数据平台,其数据覆盖全球多个国家,对其数据结构的深入研究和分析有助于提取更多的地理信息数据。在简要介绍OSM数据结构分析的基础上,探讨OSM数据的特点及数据分析、提取的处理技巧。这些技术有助于根据不同行业应用方向对地理信息数据进行按需提取处理,也有助于编写软件对OSM数据进行批量转换。

从“State Street”到“Bilski” 美国商业方法专利审查标准的演变

在确定商业方法的可专利性时,美国专利法确立了"实际应用"原则。在如何理解"实际应用"时,积累下来许多富有价值的审查方法。这一审查方法也走过了曲折的道路,目前其发展的状况如何,对于我国商业方法专利审查有何借鉴作用,是本文要加以探讨和研究的。本文探讨了美国专利审查中的"实际应用"要件,总结了美国商业方法专利审查中确立"实际应用"原则的基本原则,以及这种审查方法的发展变化,并分析了这种发展变化对于我国商业方法专利审查标准的影响。