High strain rate compressive strength behavior of cemented paste backfill using split Hopkinson pressure bar

The stability of cemented paste backfill(CPB)is threatened by dynamic disturbance,but the conventional low strain rate laboratory pressure test has difficulty achieving this research purpose.Therefore,a split Hopkinson pressure bar(SHPB)was utilized to investigate the high strain rate compressive behavior of CPB with dynamic loads of 0.4,0.8,and 1.2 MPa.And the failure modes were determined by macro and micro analysis.CPB with different cement-to-tailings ratios,solid mass concentrations,and curing ages was prepared to conduct the SHPB test.The results showed that increasing the cement content,tailings content,and curing age can improve the dynamic compressive strength and elastic modulus.Under an impact load,a higher strain rate can lead to larger increasing times of the dynamic compressive strength when compared with static loading.And the dynamic compressive strength of CPB has an exponential correlation with the strain rate.The macroscopic failure modes indicated that CPB is more seriously damaged under dynamic loading.The local damage was enhanced,and fine cracks were formed in the interior of the CPB.This is because the CPB cannot dissipate the energy of the high strain rate stress wave in a short loading period.

Shear Strength Behavior of Two Landfill Clay Liners

Direct shear tests were conducted to obtain both the shear strength of compacted clay liners (CCLs) specimens and the interface shear strength between compacted clay liner and base soil. These experiments were conducted under the conditions of five different water contents. The experimental results show that shear strength of both CCLs and CCLs/base interface decreases with the increase in the water content of CCLs and base soil. In addition, the considerate concentration of NaCl in leachate has no deteriorating effect on the shear strength of liners. Triaxial shear tests were also conducted on clay liner specimens to obtain total and effective shear strength under a fast compression. The shear strength parameters with total stress are =18.5° and c =30 kPa for clay bentonite, and =48.5° and c =90 kPa for sand bentonite and those with effective stress are ’=27.2° and c’ =25 kPa for clay bentonite, and ’=35° and c ’=100 kPa for sand bentonite, respectively. These results indicate that the compacted clay bentonite shows normal consolidation, but that the compacted sand bentonite exhibits over consolidation.

Evidence for the Reliability and Validity of the Arabic Version of the Student Risk Screening Scale for Internalizing and Externalizing Behaviors (SRSS-IE)

School-based universal screening for behavioral/emotional risk is a necessary first step to providing services in an educational setting for students with emotional and behavioral disorders (EBDs). Psychometric properties are critical to making decisions about choosing a screening instrument. The purpose of the present study was to examine the psychometric properties of the student risk screening scale for internalizing and externalizing behaviors (SRSS-IE). Participants included 3145 students and their teachers. Item-level analyses of the current sample supported the retention of all items. The internal consistency of the SRSS items ranged from 0.83 to 0.85. Convergent validity between the SRSS-IE and a well-established screening tool, the strength and difficulties questionnaire (SDQ), was found for the total score (r = 0.70). Additionally, the results of this study demonstrate strong social validity, suggesting the SRSS-IE to be a useful and functional screening tool. We conclude that the SRSS-IE is a valid and reliable instrument for assessing the level of emotional and behavioral difficulties among elementary students.

High Strength Silicon Carbide Foams and Their Deformation Behavior

碳化矽(原文如此) 有连续地连接的开房间的结构的泡沫为他们的机械表演作好准备并且描绘。SiCfoams 的表观虎度在大约 0.4 和 1.3 g/cm^3 之间被控制，与相应压缩强度从从大约 8 ～ 30 MPa 的大约 13 ～ 60 MPa 和曲折力量。压缩测试原文如此，泡沫与仅仅一个线性橡皮的区域产出压力紧张曲线，它与在文学在陶器的泡沫上报导的那些不同。这能可能与好、稠密、高的力量微观结构被归因于细丝的存在。原文如此并且细丝对装载使用同类地作出回应。

Experimental Evaluation of the Post-ultimate Strength Behavior of a Ship＇s Hull Girder in Waves

Experimental investigations into the collapse behavior of a box-shape hull girder subjected to extreme wave-induced loads are presented.The experiment was performed using a scaled model in a tank.In the middle of the scaled model,sacrificial specimens with circular pillar and trough shapes which respectively show different bending moment-displacement characteristics were mounted to compare the dynamic collapse characteristics of the hull girder in waves.The specimens were designed by using finite element(FE)-analysis.Prior to the tank tests,static four-point-bending tests were conducted to detect the load-carrying capacity of the hull girder.It was shown that the load-carrying capacity of a ship including reduction of the capacity after the ultimate strength can be reproduced experimentally by employing the trough type specimens.Tank tests using these specimens were performed under a focused wave in which the hull girder collapses under once and repetitive focused waves.It was shown from the multiple collapse tests that the increase rate of collapse becomes higher once the load-carrying capacity enters the reduction path while the increase rate is lower before reaching the ultimate strength.

Strength and deformation behaviors of bedded rock mass under bolt reinforcement

The mechanism of bolt support is an important topic in mining engineering and slope treatment. The artificial material and loading system were self-developed to study the influence of bedding cohesion and bolt number on the anchoring behavior of bedded rock mass. The results show that, both peak strength and elasticity modulus increase gradually with the increase of bedding cohesion and bolt number. The axial stress–strain curve of bedded rock mass under the reinforcement of bolts presents the features of strain-softening and secondary strengthening. Finally, anchoring behavior of bedded rock mass with different bolt numbers was simulated by using FLAC3 D numerical program and the results were compared with the experimental results. This study can provide certain bases to the stability control and support design of bedded rock mass in roadway.

Effects of chromium on the corrosion and electrochemical behaviors of ultra high strength steels

The effects of chromium on the corrosion and the electrochemical behaviors of ultra high strength steels were studied by the salt spray test and electrochemical methods. The results show that ultra high strength steels remain martensite structures and have anodic dissolution characteristic with an increase of chromium content. There is no typical passive region on the polarization curves of an ultra high strength stainless steel, AerMet 100 steel, and 300M steel. However, chromium improves the corrosion resistance of the stainless steel remarkably. It has the slowest corrosion rate in the salt spray test, one order of magnitude less than that of AerMet 100 and 300M steels. With the increase of chromium content, the polarization resistance becomes larger, the corrosion potential shifts towards the positive direction with a value of 545 mV, and the corrosion current density decreases in electrochemical measures in 3.5wt% NaCl solutions. Because of the higher content of chromium, the ultra high strength stainless steel has a better corrosion resistance than AerMet 100 and 300M steels.

Experimental Behavior of Partially Prestressed High Strength Concrete Beams

In the last few decades, prestressed concrete has been rapidly used in bridge engineering due to the enormous development in the construction techniques and the increasing need for long span bridges. High strength concrete has been also more widely spread than the past. It currently becomes more desirable as it has better mechanical properties and durability performance. Major defect of fully prestressed concrete is its low ductility;it may produce less alarming signs than ordinary reinforced concrete via smaller deflection and limited cracking. Therefore, partially prestressing is considered an intermediate design between the two extremes. So, combining high strength concrete with partial prestressing will result in a considerable development in the use of prestressed concrete structures regarding the economical and durability view points. This study presents the results of seven partially prestressed high strength concrete beams in flexure. The tested beams are used to investigate the influence of concrete compressive strength, prestressing steel ratio and flange width on the behavior of partially prestressed beams. The experimentally observed behaviors of all beams were presented in terms of the cracking load, ultimate load, deflection, cracking behavior and failure modes.

Experimental Study on Flexural Behavior of Post-Tensioning Bonded Partially Prestressed Ultra-High Strength Concrete Beams

This paper presents the results of four partially prestressed ultra-high strength concrete beams in flexure. The test results are used to evaluate the effects of prestressing tendon depth and area on flexure behavior of specimen beams. The test results indicate that: the cracking load,yielding load,peak load and stiffness postcracking of specimen beams are enhanced by reducing prestressing tendon depth or increasing prestressing tendon area, and the flexural ductility is improved by increasing prestressing tendon depth or reducing prestressing tendon area. The effect of complex reinforcement index considering the strength of the equivalence principle and the reinforcement position on loading levels under serviceability limit state,flexural strength and displacement ductility factor are studied. The influence coefficient of prestressing tendon kpis introduced in the complex reinforcement index. As the complex reinforcement index increases, the loading levels under serviceability limit state and flexural strength increases linearly,and the displacement ductility factor decreases linearly. The test results also verify the conventional beam flexural theory based on the plane cross-section assumption for predicting ultimate flexural strength of partially prestressed ultra-high strength concrete beams is valid. After the introduction of the coefficient kp,the calculation method of cracks in code for design of concrete structure in china are appropriated for the specimen beams.

Fatigue behavior of press hardened Al-Si coated high strength steel

The fatigue behavior of press hardened Al-Si coated high strength steel has been investigated,and the fatigue strength turns out to be about 1 000 MPa.Surface morphology of fractured and non-fractured specimen has been observed,and the coating shows significant influence on the fatigue behavior.The difference of elastic modulus between coating and substrate led to the main cracks perpendicular to the loading direction.The coating close to fracture exfoliated thinly,while the coating far away from the fracture kept integrated.Though the specimen was polished to obtain high surface quality,3 types of cracks occurred during the fatigue test.What’s more,inclusion particles were proved to play a crucial role in causing these cracks.

Ultra-high cycle fatigue behavior of high strength steel with carbide-free bainite/martensite complex microstructure

The ultra-high cycle fatigue behavior of a novel high strength steel with carbide-free bainite/martensite （CFB/M） complex microstructure was studied. The ultra-high cycle fatigue properties were measured by ultrasonic fatigue testing equipment at a frequency of 20 kHz. It is found that there is no horizontal part in the S-N curve and fatigue fracture occurs when the life of specimens exceeds 10^7 cycles. In addition, the origination of fatigue cracks tends to transfer from the surface to interior of specimens as the fatigue cycle exceeds 10^7, and the fatigue crack originations of many specimens are not induced by inclusions, but by some kind of ＂soft structure＂. It is shown that the studied high strength steel performs good ultra-high cycle fatigue properties. The ultra-high fatigue mechanism was discussed and it is suggested that specific CFB/M complex microstructure of the studied steel contributes to its superior properties.

The relationship between microstructure and stress-strain behavior in tension in high strength pipeline steel

In this paper the relationship between microstructure and stress-strain behavior in tensile test of high strength pipeline steel was investigated.The steel with polygonal ferrite-bainite(PF + B) microstructure has a "round-house" type tensile stress-strain curve with low Y/T ratio,highly uniform elongation and high n-value,which means PF + B microstructure has the best deformability(i.e.Ideal stress-strain behavior) among the four microstructures.The steel with acicular ferrite-martensite&austenite(AF + MA) microstructure has a "continuous-yielding" type tensile stress-strain curve,whose deformability is worse than that of PF + B microstructure.Both the steels of polygonal ferrite-acicular ferrite(PF + AF) and polygonal ferrite-pearlite (PF+P) microstructure have "luders elongation" type tensile stress-strain curve with high Y/T ratio,low uniform elongation and low n-value,which means PF + AF and PF + P microstructures have the worst deformability among the four microstructures.

Experimental research on behavior of 460 MPa high strength steel I-section columns under cyclic loading

To investigate the seismic behavior of I-section columns made of 460 MPa high strength steel （HSS）, six specimens were tested under constant axial load and cyclic horizontal load. The specimens were designed with different width-to-thickness ratios and loaded under different axial load ratios. For each specimen, the failure mode was observed and hysteretic curve was measured. Comparison of different specimens on hysteretic characteristic, energy dissipation capacity and deformation capacity were further investigated. Test results showed that the degradation of bearing capacity was due to local buckling of flange and web. Under the same axial load ratio, as width-to-thickness ratio increased, the deformation area of local buckling became smaller. And also, displacement level at both peak load and failure load became smaller. In addition, the full extent of hysteretic curve, energy dissipation capacity, ultimate story drift angle decreased, and capacity degradation occurred more rapidly with the increase of width-to-thickness ratio or axial load ratio. Based on the capacity of story drift angle, limiting values which shall not be exceeded are suggested respectively for flange and web plate of 460 MPa HSS I-section columns when used in SMFs and in IMFs in the case of axial load ratio no more than 0.2. Such values should be smaller when the axial load ratio increases.

超高强Ti-15Mo-2.7Nb-3Al-0.2Si钛合金的强化行为及模型

基于XRD、OM、SEM和TEM分析,研究超高强Ti-15Mo-2.7Nb-3Al-0.2Si钛合金的组织演变及强化行为。结果表明,位错强化和析出强化效应对该合金的屈服强度影响较大。冷轧+再结晶+冷轧+双时效组合工艺可获得1518 MPa的最高屈服强度,这主要归因于显微组织中的高密度残存位错及密集而细小的次生α相。建立复合强化模型,其预测误差在16.6%以内。此外,研究发现次生α相体积分数的增加可以不断强化晶内区域,这使得沿晶断裂开始出现并逐渐占据整个断裂面。

型钢高强自密实混凝土黏结滑移性能试验研究

为研究型钢与高强自密实混凝土界面黏结滑移性能,以混凝土保护层厚度和型钢埋置长度作为变化参数,设计9个型钢高强自密实混凝土试件进行推出试验.观察试件破坏过程、破坏形态和裂缝发展形式,获取了试件加载端的荷载-滑移全过程曲线,研究不同变量对其黏结性能的影响规律.结果表明:型钢高强自密实混凝土组合结构界面极限黏结强度随着混凝土保护层厚度的增加而增大,最大增幅94.9%;随着型钢埋置长度的增加而减小,最大削减为38.1%.界面黏结抗剪刚度随着型钢保护层厚度的增加先增大后减小,最大增幅85.1%;随着型钢埋置长度的增加而增大,最大增幅为30%.界面耗能能力与其变量相关性较弱;随保护层厚度的增加,界面损伤发展越晚;随型钢埋置深度的增加,界面损伤速度减缓.提出了型钢高强自密实混凝土黏结强度的计算公式,能较好地预测型钢高强自密实混凝土黏结强度.

考虑残余强度影响的输电线路装配式锚杆基础有限元仿真分析

针对现有装配式基础仿真的不足,以新型装配式锚杆基础为对象,进行ABAQUS有限元仿真计算。对材料本构、荷载施加方式、接触行为加以改进,提出了一种可有效反映出在考虑残余强度影响的情况下,装配式锚杆基础的承载能力和各部件的受力情况的有限元建模方法。仿真结果表明,该方法能有效地反映接触界面损伤后仍存在的残余剪切强度特征,且基础整体受力变化过程符合实际工况,证明了建模方法的合理性和正确性,为装配式锚杆基础和相似结构设计、施工提供可靠有效的依据。

U型组合再生混凝土-高强混凝土梁抗火性能

为突破单一混凝土材料在受力和抗火两方面的性能难以协同优化的难题,该文创新性地提出U型组合再生混凝土-高强混凝土梁(简称为RAC-HSC组合梁),系统地开展了火灾试验和常温、火后受弯试验,综合分析了不同工况下组合梁的性能表现。研究表明:火灾下,RAC-HSC组合梁的耐火性能显著优于高强混凝土整浇梁,其梁内温度较低,跨中挠度较小,跨中未出现明显裂缝,且未观察到爆裂现象;常温及高温后的受弯试验中,RAC-HSC组合梁的屈服荷载、极限承载力及初始刚度均显著优于再生混凝土梁,基本达到或超过普通混凝土整浇梁和高强混凝土整浇梁的水平。该文所提出的U型组合再生混凝土-高强混凝土梁是混凝土构件“抗火-受力一体化设计”的有益尝试。

Experimental study on the seismic behavior of high strength concrete fi lled double-tube columns

To study the seismic behavior of high strength concrete fi lled double-tube(CFDT) columns,each consisting of an external square steel tube and an internal circular steel tube,quasi-static tests on eight CFDT column specimens were conducted.The test variables included the width-to-thickness ratio(β1) and the area ratio(β2) of the square steel tube,the wall thickness of the circular steel tube,and the axial force(or the axial force ratio) applied to the CFDT columns.The test results indicate that for CFDT columns with a square steel tube with β1 of 50.1 and 24.5,local buckling of the specimen was found at a drift ratio of 1/150 and 1/50,respectively.The lateral force-displacement hysteretic loops of all specimens were plump and stable.Reducing the width-to-thickness ratio of the square steel tube,increasing its area ratio,or increasing the wall thickness of the internal circular steel tube,led to an increased fl exural strength and deformation capacity of the specimens.Increasing the design value of the axial force ratio from 0.8 to 1.0 may increase the fl exural strength of the specimens,while it may also decrease the ultimate deformation capacity of the specimen with β1 of 50.1.

新型热处理方法制备超高强度Inconel 718合金

为改善Inconel718合金的组织并优化性能,提出一种980℃,1 min高温超短退火和随后的双时效相结合的新型热处理方法。结果表明,超短退火处理产生了部分再结晶组织,KAM图表明即使在变形晶粒中也形成了再结晶晶核。因此,高温超短退火克服了再结晶势垒,使得后续的再结晶过程可以在较低温度的时效处理过程中完成,从而获得了均匀细化的组织(~3.59μm)。980-1min-aged样品具有优异的拉伸性能,室温极限强度和总伸长率分别为1600 MPa和19%。650℃热拉伸条件下的极限强度和伸长率分别约为1350 MPa和26%。因此,高温超短退火能有效提高Inconel718合金的性能。

聚乙烯管材专用料耐高温水浴老化性能研究

以3种聚乙烯(PE)管材专用料(PEX-1,PE100,PERT-I)为研究对象,在95℃下进行水浴老化试验,通过差示扫描量热仪(DSC)、维卡软化温度测定仪、万能试验机研究了其耐热氧老化性能、热变形行为和拉伸性能。结果表明:在95℃下水浴老化1 440 h后,3个样品中,PERT-I的结晶度变化率最小(2.16%),氧化诱导时间(OIT)变化率最小(2.70%),维卡软化温度变化率最小(0.28%),表现出优异的耐热氧老化性能和热变形性能,同时,PERT-I的拉伸强度变化率和屈服强度变化率分别为15.06%,15.16%,可作为耐高温PE管材内衬层的备选材料。