The Third Plenary Session of the 18th Central Committee of the CPC firstly required innovative social governance in 2013. This is the CPC's focus on safeguarding the fundamental interests of the majority of the pe...The Third Plenary Session of the 18th Central Committee of the CPC firstly required innovative social governance in 2013. This is the CPC's focus on safeguarding the fundamental interests of the majority of the people, to maximize social harmony, and to enhance the vitality of social development. The differences between governance and management are embodied in such as the governance system, legality, resource management, and comprehensive measures, etc. Compared with the way of social management, in which the government was used to controlling and ordering all social affairs, social governance pays more attention to the process of co-operations among different parties, to more emphasis on parties' co-operations and co-governance, with a continuous and interactive process of coordinated negotiations among multiple stakeholders. Social governance pays more emphasis on respect to social and political rights of members in the society, trying to stimulate the potential of social members, so that members of the community, in the process of social governance, have rights to speak, to choose and to influence; it pays more emphasis not only on maximizing autonomy of the social organizations and community, but also emphasizes the comprehensive use of a variety of means. The constructions of social governance system should mainly consist of four aspects: first, it is to improve the quality of social grassroots governance; second, it is to stimulate the vitality of social organizations; third, it tries to become an innovative and effective system to prevent and resolve social conflicts; fourth, it is to improve the public security system. To innovate the social management system, it is not only to achieve the transformation of the idea from control to service, but also to change the governance way from inflexible to flexible, thus, to finally form the social governance structure of Party leadership, government responsibility, social coordination,and public展开更多
Communities are the basic units as well as cell of the society. Community management and service is of fundamental significance for socia harmony, and also an important part of socia management innovation. Recent years
Using Xinbei Branch of Changzhou Municipal Bureau of Urban Planning as a case,this study carefully examines how organizations innovate in China's urban planning management.The study builds itself upon a network an...Using Xinbei Branch of Changzhou Municipal Bureau of Urban Planning as a case,this study carefully examines how organizations innovate in China's urban planning management.The study builds itself upon a network analysis of the data collected through a survey of all the relevant members about their working relationships after their organizational reform.It shows that,with regional competition for economic development,the local government departments in developed areas tend to actively seek opportunities for organizational innovation in order to ensure planning management effectiveness and promote planning implementation efficiency.The reform measures and their effects are carefully examined for identifying lessons and experiences in planning implementation in China.展开更多
The network analysis of a technological system combines the interindustry transactions with a matrix of sectoral innovative efforts as measured by R&D investment intensity.The matrixes of interindustry transaction...The network analysis of a technological system combines the interindustry transactions with a matrix of sectoral innovative efforts as measured by R&D investment intensity.The matrixes of interindustry transactions of R&D-embodied products(innovations)are weighted matrixes where the interindustry flows measure the intensity of the innovation diffusion.In the past,studies using this approach in innovation studies have transformed weighted matrixes into binary matrixes of zero and one element where the flows less than a selected threshold value were considered to be zero and the flows greater than the threshold value were counted as one.Such matrix transformation leads to the loss of a great deal of information.In the present study,using degree and clustering coefficients for both binary direct as well as weighted direct techno-economic networks of the manufacturing sector of the German economy,we show that the binary directed network analysis is incapable of refined ranking of interindustry innovation transactions.The total degree index based on the weighted network of the German techno-economic system assigns a unique ranking to each sector,and clustering coefficients show that at least 75%of sectors in the network of Germany have two links with the other industries.However,the same indices based on the binary network are incapable of such refined ranking.展开更多
Background:The social-ecological systems theory,with its unique conception of resilience(social-ecological systems&resilience,SESR),provides an operational framework that currently best meets the need for integrat...Background:The social-ecological systems theory,with its unique conception of resilience(social-ecological systems&resilience,SESR),provides an operational framework that currently best meets the need for integration and adaptive governance as encouraged by the Sustainable Development Goals.SESR accounts for the complex dynamics of social-ecological systems and operationalizes transdisciplinarity by focusing on community engagement,value co-creation,decentralized leadership and social innovation.Targeting Social Innovation(SI)in the context of implementation research for vector-borne diseases(VBD)control offers a low-cost strategy to contribute to lasting and contextualized community engagement in disease control and health development in low and middle income countries of the global south.In this article we describe the processes of community engagement and transdisciplinary collaboration underpinning community-based dengue management in rural primary schools and households in two districts in Cambodia.Methods:Multiple student-led and community-based interventions have been implemented focusing on empowering education,communication for behavioral change and participatory epidemiology mapping in order to engage Cambodian communities in dengue control.We describe in particular the significance of the participatory processes that have contributed to the design of SI products that emerged following iterative consultations with community stakeholders to address the dengue problem.Results:The SI products that emerged following our interaction with community members are 1)adult mosquito traps made locally from solid waste collections,2)revised dengue curriculum with hands-on activities for transformative learning,3)guppy distribution systems led by community members,4)co-design of dengue prevention communication material by students and community members,5)community mapping.Conclusions:The initiative described in this article put in motion processes of community engagement towards creating ownership of dengue control interventions tools by community stakeholders,including school children.While the project is ongoing,the project's interventions so far implemented have contributed to the emergence of culturally relevant SI products and provided initial clues regarding 1)the conditions allowing SI to emerge,2)specific mechanisms by which it happens and 3)how external parties can facilitate SI emergence.Overall there seems to be a strong argument to be made in supporting SI as a desirable outcome of project implementation towards building adaptive capacity and resilience and to use the protocol supporting this project implementation as an operational guiding document for other VBD adaptive management in the region.展开更多
文摘The Third Plenary Session of the 18th Central Committee of the CPC firstly required innovative social governance in 2013. This is the CPC's focus on safeguarding the fundamental interests of the majority of the people, to maximize social harmony, and to enhance the vitality of social development. The differences between governance and management are embodied in such as the governance system, legality, resource management, and comprehensive measures, etc. Compared with the way of social management, in which the government was used to controlling and ordering all social affairs, social governance pays more attention to the process of co-operations among different parties, to more emphasis on parties' co-operations and co-governance, with a continuous and interactive process of coordinated negotiations among multiple stakeholders. Social governance pays more emphasis on respect to social and political rights of members in the society, trying to stimulate the potential of social members, so that members of the community, in the process of social governance, have rights to speak, to choose and to influence; it pays more emphasis not only on maximizing autonomy of the social organizations and community, but also emphasizes the comprehensive use of a variety of means. The constructions of social governance system should mainly consist of four aspects: first, it is to improve the quality of social grassroots governance; second, it is to stimulate the vitality of social organizations; third, it tries to become an innovative and effective system to prevent and resolve social conflicts; fourth, it is to improve the public security system. To innovate the social management system, it is not only to achieve the transformation of the idea from control to service, but also to change the governance way from inflexible to flexible, thus, to finally form the social governance structure of Party leadership, government responsibility, social coordination,and public
文摘Communities are the basic units as well as cell of the society. Community management and service is of fundamental significance for socia harmony, and also an important part of socia management innovation. Recent years
基金the project of Research on City Strategic Planning Decision-Making and Implementation Process from the Perspective of Policy Network sponsored by the National Natural Sciences Foundation of China(No.71373277)Coordinating to Support Construction of First-Grade University and First-Grade Discipline sponsored by China Renmin University
文摘Using Xinbei Branch of Changzhou Municipal Bureau of Urban Planning as a case,this study carefully examines how organizations innovate in China's urban planning management.The study builds itself upon a network analysis of the data collected through a survey of all the relevant members about their working relationships after their organizational reform.It shows that,with regional competition for economic development,the local government departments in developed areas tend to actively seek opportunities for organizational innovation in order to ensure planning management effectiveness and promote planning implementation efficiency.The reform measures and their effects are carefully examined for identifying lessons and experiences in planning implementation in China.
基金We thank the anonymous referees for their constructive comments on an earlier version of this paper.
文摘The network analysis of a technological system combines the interindustry transactions with a matrix of sectoral innovative efforts as measured by R&D investment intensity.The matrixes of interindustry transactions of R&D-embodied products(innovations)are weighted matrixes where the interindustry flows measure the intensity of the innovation diffusion.In the past,studies using this approach in innovation studies have transformed weighted matrixes into binary matrixes of zero and one element where the flows less than a selected threshold value were considered to be zero and the flows greater than the threshold value were counted as one.Such matrix transformation leads to the loss of a great deal of information.In the present study,using degree and clustering coefficients for both binary direct as well as weighted direct techno-economic networks of the manufacturing sector of the German economy,we show that the binary directed network analysis is incapable of refined ranking of interindustry innovation transactions.The total degree index based on the weighted network of the German techno-economic system assigns a unique ranking to each sector,and clustering coefficients show that at least 75%of sectors in the network of Germany have two links with the other industries.However,the same indices based on the binary network are incapable of such refined ranking.
基金This project received financial support from the UNICEF/UNDP/World Bank/WHO Special Programme for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases(TDR),Geneva,Switzerland.
文摘Background:The social-ecological systems theory,with its unique conception of resilience(social-ecological systems&resilience,SESR),provides an operational framework that currently best meets the need for integration and adaptive governance as encouraged by the Sustainable Development Goals.SESR accounts for the complex dynamics of social-ecological systems and operationalizes transdisciplinarity by focusing on community engagement,value co-creation,decentralized leadership and social innovation.Targeting Social Innovation(SI)in the context of implementation research for vector-borne diseases(VBD)control offers a low-cost strategy to contribute to lasting and contextualized community engagement in disease control and health development in low and middle income countries of the global south.In this article we describe the processes of community engagement and transdisciplinary collaboration underpinning community-based dengue management in rural primary schools and households in two districts in Cambodia.Methods:Multiple student-led and community-based interventions have been implemented focusing on empowering education,communication for behavioral change and participatory epidemiology mapping in order to engage Cambodian communities in dengue control.We describe in particular the significance of the participatory processes that have contributed to the design of SI products that emerged following iterative consultations with community stakeholders to address the dengue problem.Results:The SI products that emerged following our interaction with community members are 1)adult mosquito traps made locally from solid waste collections,2)revised dengue curriculum with hands-on activities for transformative learning,3)guppy distribution systems led by community members,4)co-design of dengue prevention communication material by students and community members,5)community mapping.Conclusions:The initiative described in this article put in motion processes of community engagement towards creating ownership of dengue control interventions tools by community stakeholders,including school children.While the project is ongoing,the project's interventions so far implemented have contributed to the emergence of culturally relevant SI products and provided initial clues regarding 1)the conditions allowing SI to emerge,2)specific mechanisms by which it happens and 3)how external parties can facilitate SI emergence.Overall there seems to be a strong argument to be made in supporting SI as a desirable outcome of project implementation towards building adaptive capacity and resilience and to use the protocol supporting this project implementation as an operational guiding document for other VBD adaptive management in the region.
