Field Efficiency Trial of 72% Streptomycin against Konjac Bacterial Soft Rot

72% Streptomycin soluble powder was used to control konjac bacterial soft rot in the study. The control efficiency and yield of different treatments were investigated,and the benefit was analyzed. The control scheme against konjac bacterial soft rot was as follows: spraying 72% atreptomycinon twice on rotation fields after all the seedlings were strong and uniform,or irrigating roots with 72% atreptomycinon once and spraying twice on continuous cropping fields.

Streptomycin-Induced Steven-Johnson Syndrome in a HIV Sero-Positive Patient with Tuberculosis: A Case Report

Severe cutaneous hypersensitivity reactions to anti-tuberculosis medication are rare and have been attributed mainly to thiacetazone. A case of streptomycin-induced Steven-Johnson Syndrome in a patient with TB-HIV co-infection which ended in death is reported.

Fabrication of anti-fouling polyamide nanofiltration membrane by incorporating streptomycin as a novel co-monomer

Polyamide(PA)thin-film composite(TFC)na nofiltration(NF)membrane has extremely broad application prospects in separation of monovalent/diva lent inorganic salts mixed solutio n.However,membrane fouling is the main obstacle to the application of PA,TFC and NF membrane.Streptomycin(SM)is a hydrophilic antibiotic containing a large number of hydroxyl and amino groups.In this work,the NF membrane was prepared via interfacial polymerization(IP)between trimesoyl chloride(TMC)in the organic phase and SM/piperazine(PIP)mixture in the aqueous phase.The NF membrane structure and performance were characterized in detail.The results showed that SM successfully participated in the IP.The negative charge and hydrophilicity of membrane surface were improved.The prepared membrane exhibited good anti-adhesion and anti-bacterial performance,Additionally,when the SM concentration was 2%,the prepared membrane exhibited the optimal permselectivity.The water permeance was 89.4L·m^(-2)·h^(-1)·MPa^(-1).The rejection of NaCl and Na_(2)SO_(4) were 17,17%and 97.84%,respectively.The NaCl/Na_(3)SO_(4) separation factor of the SM2-PIP/TMC membrane in 1000 mg·L^(-1) NaCl and 1000 mg·L^(-1)Na_(2)SO_(4) mixed solution was 40,which was 3.3 times that of PIP/TMC membrane.It indicated that SM2-PIP/TMC demonstrated excellent monovalent/divalent salts separation performance.This work provided an easy and effective approach to preparing anti-fouling NF membrane while possessing superior monovalent/divalent salts separation performance.

Pharmacokinetic Disposition of Streptomycin Sulfate in Japanese Eel (<i>Anguilla japonica</i>) after Oral and Intramuscular Administrations

Pharmacokinetics and residue elimination of streptomycin sulfate (STR) are important in the determination of optimal dosage regimens and in establishing safe withdrawal periods in farmed fishes. The pharmacokinetics of STR was studied after a single dose (50 mg/kg) of intramuscular (i.m.) or oral gavage (p.o.) administration to Japanese eel (Anguilla japonica) in freshwater at 25°C. Eight fish per sampling point were examined after treatment. Plasma and muscle were collected and analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method with 0.05 μg/ml detection limit. The data of pharmacokinetics conformed to the two-compartment open model for intramuscular and one-compartment open model for oral administrations. After intramuscular administration, the elimination half-life (t1/2β) was calculated to be 11.346 h, the maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) to be 29.524 μg/ml, the time to peak plasma streptomycin concentration (Tmax) to be 0.218 h, and the area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC) to be 90.206 μg/ml?h. Following p.o. administration, the corresponding estimates were 13.239 h, 0.346 μg/ml, 11.960 h, and 12.356 μg/ml?h. After intramuscular administration, a therapeutic concentration of the drug was maintained for 12 hours in the plasma, however, a therapeutic level could not be achieved after oral administration, and the results suggest that the drug can be used clinically by intramuscular administration against streptomycin susceptible systemic infections in Japanese eel.

The Use of the PCR-Based Dot-Blot Hybridization Assay to Detect Resistance Markers to Rifampicin and Streptomycin in Mycobacterium tuberculosis Isolates from the SW Region of Cameroon

Drug sensitivity testing to establish resistance to TB drugs takes many months to arrive at. Public health physicians have difficulties with such an approach due to long wait periods and cannot use it to establish community wide prevalence as a way to understand where resistance may be emerging faster and to limit its spread. The objective of this study was to use the dot-blot hybridization technique in the detection of resistance to rifamycin (RIF) and streptomycin (SM) in South- Western Cameroon and to compare the technique with the routine culture and drug susceptibility testing for detecting resistance in a resource poor country, Cameroon. A hospital-based study was conducted at the Regional hospitals of Buea and Limbe and Tiko Central Clinic. Tuberculosis (TB) patients aged 15 to 50 (mean age: 30.50 ± 8.33 standard deviation) were recruited for the study between December 2006 and April 2007. Cultures from 59 patients were tested for rifampicin and streptomycin sensitivity by the modified proportion method and mutational analysis for rpoB codon 516 and rrs codon 513 was performed by the dot-blot hybridization technique. Of the 59 sputum samples collected (36 were males and 23 were females) came from Buea 19 (32.2%), Limbe 20 (33.9%) and Tiko 20 (33.9%) towns respectively. Amplification for the gene showed that there was (59) 100% amplification with primers used for rpoB genes and 43 (72.9%) amplification with primers used for the rrs gene. Mutational analysis demonstrated that resistance to RIF was common in females (52.1%) than males (41.7%) while 6% of the samples were indeterminate. 12 (20.3%) samples showed phenotypic and genotypic resistance to RIF compared to 34 samples (58.1%) for SM. Phenotypic resistance and genotypic susceptibility were found in 5 (8.5%) RIF and 3 (4.7%) SM compared to phenotypic susceptibility and genotypic resistance that were found in 2 (3.5%) RIF and 3(4.7%) SM. Double mutation on rpoB and rrs genes occurred in 8 (13.6%) DNA samples. Resistance to RIF and SM due to mutations on the rpoB and rrs genes respectively in the SW region was found to be high and comparable to the drug susceptibility testing by 92%, (95% CI: 75.7 - 99.1). The Dot-blot technique will be useful in rapidly assessing the effectiveness of national TB control programs in limiting the spread of resistance strains in Cameroon.

An Improved Adaptive Multi-way Principal Component Analysis for Monitoring Streptomycin Fermentation Process

Multi-way principal component analysis (MPCA) had been successfully applied to monitoring the batch and semi-batch process in most chemical industry. An improved MPCA approach, step-by-step adaptive MPCA (SAMPCA), using the process variable trajectories to monitoring the batch process is presented in this paper. It does not need to estimate or fill in the unknown part of the process variable trajectory deviation from the current time until the end. The approach is based on a MPCA method that processes the data in a sequential and adaptive manner. The adaptive rate is easily controlled through a forgetting factor that controls the weight of past data in a summation. This algorithm is used to evaluate the industrial streptomycin fermentation process data and is compared with the traditional MPCA. The results show that the method is more advantageous than MPCA, especially when monitoring multi-stage batch process where the latent vector structure can change at several points during the batch.

Molecular Docking Studies on Streptomycin Antileishmanial Activity

Resistance to pentavalent antimonial drugs and the lack of vaccines make it urgent to find novel therapeutic options to treat Leishmaniasis, a tropical disease caused by the Leishmania protozoan parasite. The study reported here is to investigate if Streptomycin, an aminoglycoside, and Amphotericin B, the second-line treatment drug, exhibit antileishmanial activity through a similar mechanism. By using MOE (Molecular Operating Environment), we performed molecular docking studies on these drugs binding to a range of targets including ribosome targets in Leishmania and H. sapiens. Our study shows that the two drugs do not bind to the same pockets in Leishmania targets but to the same pockets in the human ribosome, with some differences in interactions. Moreover, our 2D maps indicated that Amphotericin B binds to the A-site in the human cytoplasmic ribosome, whereas streptomycin does not.

A comparative study of adsorption behavior of rifampicin,streptomycin,and ibuprofen contaminants from aqueous solutions onto chitosan:Dynamic interactions,kinetics,diffusions,and mechanisms

Adsorptive removal and dynamic interaction of three different pharmaceutical pollutants,namely rifampicin(RIF),streptomycin(STM),and ibuprofen(IBU)onto chitosan were systematically investigated using a batch adsorption technique at different processing parameters.In this study,chitosan was derived from mud-crab shells,as an innovative way to use the waste from marine foods as adsorbents.The kinetics,intraparticle diffusion,mechanism,and thermodynamics of the adsorption were systematically evaluated and analyzed using kinetic models,Boyd mass transfer and WebereMorris intraparticle diffusion models,Langmuir,Freundlich,DubinineRadushkevich,and Temkin isotherm models,and the Gibbs equation.The adsorption isotherm of the larger molecules,RIF and STM,could be explained by the Langmuir isotherm model,in contrast,that of IBU,which is a much smaller molecule,followed the Freundlich isotherm model.The maximum adsorption capacity of RIF,STM,and IBU on chitosan was estimated to be 66.91 mg g^(-1),11.00 mg g^(-1),and 24.21 mg g^(-1),respectively,which are higher compared to those on a variety of agricultural wastes,suggesting that this biopolymer is a potential practical and economical adsorbent to remove the pharmaceutical compounds from wastewater.The adsorption mechanism of the pharmaceutical compounds on chitosan is proposed based on the vibrational spectroscopic analyses,XRD patterns,and DSC thermograms of the biopolymer before and after adsorption process.

江西省耐多药结核分枝杆菌链霉素基因突变特征

目的了解江西省耐多药结核分枝杆菌中链霉素耐药的分子特征,探究北京基因型结核与链霉素耐药基因(rpsL、rrs和gidB)突变及链霉素耐药表型之间的关系。方法收集南昌大学第一附属医院高新医院及江西省胸科医院2021年1-12月分离的非重复耐多药结核菌106例,检测其耐药表型、是否为北京基因型及与链霉素耐药基因rpsL、rrs和gidB突变的关系。χ^(2)检验rpsL、rrs和gidB基因突变与北京基因型及表型关系。结果106例耐多药结核菌中链霉素耐药76例,其中58例rpsL 43A>G突变,8例88A>G突变,5例rrs突变,3例gidB突变。任何rpsL、rrs和gidB基因突变与表型耐药的符合率为89.6%,特异度及敏感度分别为86.7%和90.8%。北京型结核菌分离率为88.7%,其耐药基因突变主要集中于rpsL和rrs,非北京型菌耐药突变则主要集中于gidB;北京型菌更容易发生基因突变(P=0.013),但表型耐药无差异。结论rpsL、rrs和gidB基因突变与表型耐药符合率较好,可采用分子生物学直接检测耐药基因预判菌株耐药性;结核菌型与链霉素耐药特征具有紧密联系。

高分辨率熔解曲线快速检测结核分枝杆菌对链霉素耐药情况的研究

探讨高分辨率熔解曲线(HRM)技术检测结核分枝杆菌对链霉素耐药性的可行性。用传统药物敏感性试验进行结核分枝杆菌链霉素耐药性检测;以Rpsl和rrs的耐药决定区为靶点设计引物进行HRM分析,判断菌株是否对链霉素耐药;以药敏结果为标准,应用SPSS17.0分析两种检测结果之间的符合率;Kappa检验分析两种结果的一致性。药敏结果显示,84株菌株中有20株对链霉素耐药,64株为敏感株;HRM检测结果显示,24株菌株对链霉素耐药,60株为敏感株;以药敏结果为参照,HRM检测结核分枝杆菌对链霉素耐药性的敏感性为75%,特异性为85.9%,经Kappa检验显示,两种方法检测结果具有中度一致性。本研究结果表明HRM可快速检测结核分枝杆菌对链霉素的耐药性,具有较好的灵敏度,在耐药结核病的早期辅助诊断方面具有一定的应用价值。

Bi/BiVO_(4)/NiFe-LDH heterostructures with enhanced photoelectrochemical performance for streptomycin detection

Streptomycin(STR)plays an essential role in bacterial infection treatments.Selectivity and sensitivity of photoelectrochemical(PEC)sensors are the two most important parameters,which can be measured using the photosensitivity of its active material.We prepared a novel PEC sensor to detect STR using Bi/BiVO4/LDH(layered double hydroxides)heterostructures as an active material,which is photoactive in the visible light wavelength range.The simultaneous presence of LDH and Bi/BiVO4 enhanced the material photocurrent response,which was linear to the STR concentrations in the 0.01–500 nmol/L range.The STR detection limit by this sensor was 0.0042 nmol/L.Our novel PEC-based sensing strategy includes using an ultra-sensitive and highly selective sensor for STR detection.Additionally,the two-pot synthesis of Bi/BiVO4/LDH developed in this work is environmentally friendly.

链霉素驱动微藻叶绿素荧光动力学的响应研究

为了探究微藻对链霉素的敏感性,通过叶绿素荧光动力学(OJIP)分析蓝藻-拟柱孢藻(Raphidiopsis raciborskii)和绿藻-四尾栅藻(Scenedesmus quadricauda)对链霉素的响应.研究结果表明,链霉素对拟柱孢藻和四尾栅藻的反应中心耗散的能量(DI0/RC)、单位光面积吸收的能量(ABS/CS0)和单位反应中心吸收的能量(ABS/RC)均有显著的促进作用,对拟柱孢藻单位反应中心捕获的用于还原QA的能量(TR0/RC)起抑制作用,且链霉素能够明显降低拟柱孢藻的光合驱动力.利用质量浓度为0.05~1.0 mg/L和1.0~20.0 mg/L的链霉素分别培养拟柱孢藻和四尾栅藻,其比生长率分别是对照组(0.00 mg/L)的0.74~0.25和1.19~0.51倍.拟柱孢藻丙二醛含量和超氧化物歧化酶活性明显随链霉素质量浓度的升高而降低,过氧化氢酶活性随链霉素质量浓度的升高而增加.四尾栅藻的过氧化氢酶活性、丙二醛含量和超氧化物歧化酶活性对链霉素质量浓度响应敏感度低.因此,本研究认为蓝藻对链霉素的敏感性比绿藻显著,主要原因是拟柱孢藻和四尾栅藻的能量分布存在显著差异.

探针熔解曲线在耐药结核病快速筛查中的临床应用研究

目的研究探针熔解曲线在耐药结核病快速筛查中的临床应用价值。方法选取2020年1月—2021年3月镇江市第三人民医院收治的378例肺结核患者为研究对象,依次完成传统罗氏固体药物敏感性检测(比例法)、探针熔解曲线技术检测常用的6种药物耐药结果,包含利福平、异烟肼、乙胺丁醇、链霉素、氧氟沙星、阿米卡星,和比例法进行对比,计算探针熔解曲线技术检测6种药物的敏感度、特异度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值、符合率与约登指数。结果与比例法作比较,熔解曲线技术检测利福平耐药性的敏感度、特异度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值、符合率、约登指数分别为91.70%、98.10%、61.10%、99.70%、97.90%、0.898;异烟肼是87.90%、94.20%、59.20%、98.80%、93.65%、0.821;乙胺丁醇是87.50%、97.03%、38.89%、99.72%、96.83%、0.845;链霉素是91.30%、98.19%、87.50%、98.79%、97.35%、0.895;氧氟沙星是94.74%、98.89%、81.82%、99.72%、98.68%、0.936;阿米卡星是80.00%、99.46%、66.67%、99.73%、99.21%、0.795。结论探针熔解曲线在耐药结核病快速筛查中应用,具有较高敏感度及特异度,有利于临床早期识别耐药现象。

DIFFERENT EFFECTS OF STREPTOMYCIN DEPENDENT MUTATION ON THE EXPRESSION OF λV AND λQ GENES IN Escherichia coli~*

Ⅰ. INTRODUCTIONAll protein syntheses are carried out on ribosomes, therefore the ribosomes are extremely important to biological activities. So far the composition of the ribosomal structure including three kinds of rRNAs and over filly ribosomal proteins has been elucidated in detail. But the exact functions of the ribosomal proteins remain almost totally unknown.

Monoclonal antibody-based ELISA and colloidal gold-based immunochromatographic assay for streptomycin residue detection in milk and swine urine

A protein conjugate of streptomycin (streptomycin-bovine serum albumin (BSA) conjugate) was prepared and used as immunogen to produce monoclonal antibodies (MAb). One hybridoma secreting anti-streptomycin MAb was obtained and then used to produce MAb. The MAb named 13H5 showed the 50% maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) value of 4.65 ng/ml and the IC20 value of 0.21 ng/ml in phosphate buffered saline (PBS). At optimum conditions, an indirect competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and a colloidal gold-based immuno-chromatographic assay (CGIA) were developed and applied to detect streptomycin residues in milk and swine urine samples. The developed ELISA showed that the minimum detection limit was 2.0 and 1.9 ng/ml for milk and swine urine samples, respectively, without obvious cross-reactivity to other tested antibiotics except dihydrostreptomycin which gave a 118.32% cross reaction value. Milk and swine urine samples spiked with streptomycin at 10, 50, 100 and 200 ng/ml were analyzed by the established ELISA. The mean recovery of streptomycin was from 81.9% to 105.5% and from 84.3% to 92.2% for milk and swine urine, respectively. The optimized CGIA showed that the minimum detection limit was 20.0 ng/ml for milk and swine urine samples. The results of spiked analysis and specific analysis demonstrate that the CGIA could be applicable for screening milk and swine urine samples for the presence of streptomycin residues on-site. The established ELISA and CGIA allow the rapid, low-cost, and sensitive determination of streptomycin residues in food samples.

应用TaqMan-MGB探针实时荧光定量PCR技术快速检测青海省海西州鼠疫自然疫源地鼠疫耶尔森菌耐链霉素基因

目的 应用TaqMan-MGB探针实时荧光定量PCR技术快速检测青海省海西州鼠疫自然疫源地鼠疫菌耐链霉素基因,为今后该地区突发人间鼠疫的精准临床用药提供理论依据。方法 分离培养海西地区1957—2009年间取自鼠疫患者、媒介昆虫及中间宿主的代表性鼠疫菌110株,提取其DNA,针对我国链霉素耐药基因rpsl基因设计引物P-F和P-R和TaqMan-MGB探针Probe1 [FAM]和Probe2[VIC],利用荧光定量PCR技术,进行耐药rpsl基因筛查。结果 110株被试菌株中FAM检测均为阳性(RFU峰值>2000);VIC阳性的为0株(RFU峰值<200)。阳性对照和空白对照成立。结论 实时荧光定量PCR结果显示,该地区未检测出耐链霉素菌株。

西藏自治区鼠疫自然疫源地鼠疫耶尔森菌最低抑菌浓度的测定及研究

目的根据美国临床和实验室标准协会(CLSI)药敏试验方法中的琼脂平板稀释法,对分离自西藏自治区鼠疫自然疫源地内的164株鼠疫耶尔森菌进行抗菌药物最低抑菌浓度的测定,监测西藏地区耐药鼠疫耶尔森菌株,掌握其抑菌范围,为鼠疫的临床治疗提供基础数据。方法利用琼脂平板稀释法分别测定氧氟沙星、环丙沙星、复方磺胺甲恶唑(甲氧苄啶-磺胺甲恶唑)、硫酸卡那霉素、链霉素、头孢曲松钠、氨苄青霉素钠、氯霉素、盐酸壮观霉素、头孢呋辛钠、盐酸四环素、莫西沙星共12种抗生素对164株鼠疫耶尔森菌的最低抑菌浓度(MIC)。若发现耐药菌株,则用K-B法进行验证。结果所测的164株鼠疫耶尔森菌中有1株对链霉素具有耐药性(MIC=4096μg/mL),链霉素K-B法检测抑菌环直径为0,这株菌对其余11种抗菌药物均敏感。其余163株菌对12种抗生素均敏感。结论发现1株鼠疫耶尔森菌对链霉素具有耐药性,这是我国首次发现鼠疫耶尔森菌对链霉素耐药。因链霉素是国内外治疗鼠疫的首选药物,耐药鼠疫耶尔森菌会引起链霉素治疗失败,从临床和公共卫生的角度来看,对鼠疫耶尔森菌分离株的抗菌敏感性监测应常规开展。

甘宁黄土高原阿拉善黄鼠鼠疫疫源地鼠疫菌耐链霉素rpsL基因突变位点的检测

目的 通过检测甘宁黄土高原阿拉善黄鼠鼠疫疫源地鼠疫菌耐链霉素rpsL基因位点,掌握该地区鼠疫菌对链霉素的敏感性,以期为今后该地区鼠疫的治疗及临床用药提供参考依据。方法 根据鼠疫菌rpsL基因序列及我国发现的耐链霉素菌株(S19960127)突变位点分别设计非突变菌株FAM(128∶A)和突变菌株VIC(128∶G)两种MGB探针,通过TaqMan-MGB探针法对1962—1991年分离自甘宁黄土高原阿拉善黄鼠鼠疫自然疫源地的49株代表性鼠疫菌进行耐链霉素rpsL基因突变位点检测。结果 被试菌株对应检测rpsL(128∶A),49株FAM染料RFU峰值均为阳性,其RFU峰值>2 000,阴性<200;对应检测rpsL(128∶G)未检测到VIC染料RFU峰值阳性菌株,RFU峰值均<200,阳性对照>1 000,该疫源地分离的鼠疫菌未发现耐链霉素菌株。结论 甘宁黄土高原阿拉善黄鼠鼠疫疫源地49株鼠疫菌对链霉素均敏感。TaqMan-MGB探针荧光定量PCR体系具有较高灵敏性、特异性,可应用于鼠疫菌耐药性监测。

优化防絮凝祛泡剂在无痛胃镜检查中的可视度研究

目的研究经定比定量的优化药物参数合成的防絮凝祛泡剂新配方在无痛胃镜检查中应用效果。方法选取解放军总医院第二医学中心2021年5月~2022年11月接受无痛胃镜检查1200例患者,随机数表法分成优化新配方的观察组(西甲硅油乳剂400 mg∕人、链霉蛋白酶20000 U∕人、碳酸氢钠散1.6 g∕人、木糖醇1.0 g∕人)和原配方的对照组(西甲硅油乳剂400 mg∕人、链霉蛋白酶20000 U∕人、碳酸氢钠散1.0 g∕人),各600例。对比分析两组患者胃内黏膜可视度及白色絮凝情况、瘤变检出率;以及两组祛泡剂配置后0、1、2和3 h祛泡力及抑泡力变化。结果观察组检查中食管、胃内无絮凝且黏膜下可视度评级优势与对照组比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组食管、胃黏膜病灶检出率差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组配置后0、1、2和3 h的pH值及黏膜下可视度评级差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),观察组A级可视度百分率明显高于对照组,且无C、D级。提示观察组祛泡力及抑泡力强、稳定性好且口感舒适度优良。结论新配方胃镜检查中食管及胃内无絮凝,具有优质的黏膜下可视度;配置后3 h内pH值及祛泡祛粘液效力未受明显干扰,表现出良好稳定性,且有口感优势,提高了食管、胃黏膜病灶的检出。