Residual elastic stress strain field and geometrically necessary dislocation density distribution around nano-indentation in TA15 titanium alloy

Nanoindentation and high resolution electron backscatter diffraction（EBSD） were combined to examine the elastic modulus and hardness of α and β phases,anisotropy in residual elastic stress strain fields and distributions of geometrically necessary dislocation（GND） density around the indentations within TA15 titanium alloy.The nano-indention tests were conducted on α and β phases,respectively.The residual stress strain fields surrounding the indentation were calculated through crosscorrelation method from recorded patterns.The GND density distribution around the indentation was calculated based on the strain gradient theories to reveal the micro-mechanism of plastic deformation.The results indicate that the elastic modulus and hardness for α p hase are 129.05 GPas and 6.44 GPa,while for β phase,their values are 109.80 GPa and 4.29 GPa,respectively.The residual Mises stress distribution around the indentation is relatively heterogeneous and significantly influenced by neighboring soft β phase.The region with low residual stress around the indentation is accompanied with markedly high a type and prismatic-GND density.

Effect of external stress and bias magnetic field on transformation strain of heusler alloy Ni-Mn-Ga

The influence of external field(magnetic field and stress field) on the transformation strain of Ni 52.9- Mn 24.4Ga 22.7 single crystal were investigated and its mechanism was also discussed. When thermally martensitic transformation occurs, about 0.25% transformation strain is obtained which may be obviously enhanced to about 0.8% by a 6 000 Oe magnetic bias field. However, the strain decreases by the external compress stress loaded along the strain-measured direction. When the external compress stress and bias magnetic field are simultaneously applied, the transformation strain decreases with increasing the magnetic field, which is related to the rearrangement of the martensite variants influenced by the external field.

EFFECT OF THE POISSON RATIO ON THE PERFECTLY PLASTIC STRESS FIELD AT A STATIONARY PLANE-STRAIN CRACK TIP

Under the condition that all the perfectly plastic stress components at a crack tip are the functions of ? only, making use of equilibrium equations and Von-Mises yield condition containing Poisson ratio, in this paper, we derive the generally analytical expressions of perfectly plastic stress field at a stationary plane-strain crack tip. Applying these generally analytical expressions to the concrete cracks, the analytical expressions of perfectly plastic stress fields at the stationary tips of Mode I, Mode II and Mixed-Mode I-II plane-strain cracks are obtained. These analytical expressions contain Poisson ratio.

Characteristics of present-day active strain field of Chinese mainland

On the basis of the GPS data obtained from repeated measurements carried out in 2004 and 2007,the horizontal principal strain of the Chinese mainland is calculated,which shows that the direction of principal compressive strain axis of each subplate is basically consistent with the P-axis of focal mechanism solution and the principal compressive stress axis acquired by geological method.It indicates that the crustal tectonic stress field is relatively stable in regions in a long time.The principal compressive stress axes of Qinghai-Tibet and Xinjiang subplates in the western part of Chinese mainland direct to NS and NNE-SSW,which are controlled by the force from the col-lision of the Eurasia Plate and India Plate.The principal compressive strain axes of Heilongjiang and North China subplates in the eastern part direct to ENE-WSW,which shows that they are subject to the force from the collision and underthrust of the Eurasia Plate to the North America and Pacific plates.At the same time,they are also af-fected by the lateral force from Qinghai-Tibet and Xinjiang subplates.The principal compressive strain axis of South China plate is WNW-ESE,which reflects that it is affected by the force from the collision of Philippine Sea Plate and Eurasia Plate and it is also subject to the lateral force from Qinghai-Tibet subplate.It is apparent from the comparison between the principal compressive strain axes in the periods of 2004～2007 and 2001～2004 that the acting directions of principal compressive stress of subplates in both periods are basically consistent.However,there is certain difference between their directional concentrations of principal compressive stress axes.The sur-face strain rates of different tectonic units in both periods indicate that the events predominating by compressive variation decrease,while the events predominating by tensile change increase.

Stress/strain distributions for weld metal solidification crack instain less steels

This paper has simulated the driving force of solidification crack of stainless steels, that is, stress/strain field in the trail of molten pool. Firstly, the effect of the deformation in the molten pool was eliminated after the element rebirth method was adopted. Secondly, the influence of solidification shrinkage was taken into account by increasing thermal expansion coefficients of the steels at elevated temperatures. Finally, the stress/strain distributions of different conditions have been computed and analyzed. Furthermore, the driving force curves of the solidification crack of the steels have been obtained by converting strain time curves into strain temperature curves, which founds a basis for predicting welding solidification crack.

NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF STRESS-STRAIN DISTRIBUTIONS FOR WELD METAL SOLIDIFICATION CRACKING IN STAINLESS STEEL

This paper analyzed the characteristics of welding solidification crack of stainless steels,and clearly re- vealed the the of the deformation in the molten - the pool and the solidification shrinkage on the stress - strain fields in the trail of molten - weld pool.Moreover, rheologic properties of the alloys in solid - liquid zone were also obtained by measuring the hading and unloading deform curves of the steels.As a result, a numerical model for simulation of stress - strain distributions of welding solidifi- cation crack was developed. On the basis of the model,the thesis simulated the driving force of solidifi- cation crack of stainless steels, that is, stress - strain fields in the trail of molten-weld pool with fi- nite element method.

MODE Ⅰ CRACK TIP FIELD WITH STRAIN GRADIENT EFFECTS

A plane strain mode 1 crack tip field with strain gradient effects is investigated.A new strain gradient theory is used.An elastic-power law hardening strain gradient material is considered and two hardening laws,i.e.a separation law and an integration law are used respectively.As for the material with the separation law hardening,the angular distributions of stresses are consistent with the HRR field,which differs from the stress results;the angular distributions of couple stresses are the same as the couple stress results.For the material with the integration law hardening,the stress field and the couple stress field can not exist simultaneously,which is the same as the conclusion,but for the stress dominated field,the an- gular distributions of stresses are consistent with the HRR field;for the couple stress dominated field,the an- gular distributions of couple stresses are consistent with those in Ref.However,the increase in stresses is not observed in strain gradient plasticity because the present theory is based on the rotation gradient of the deformation only,while the crack tip field of mode 1 is dominated by the tension gradient,which will be shown in another paper.

Stress-strain characteristics of linear friction welding of TC11 and TC17 alloys

Abstract Transient stress and strain fields of dissimilar titanium alloys （TCll and TC17 ） joint during linear friction welding （ LFW） were investigated by a two-dimensional model with ABAQUS/Explicit. The results showed that in the X-axis, the maximum compressive stress of 850 MPa occurred in the center zone of friction interface , and the maximum tensile stress of 190 MPa distributed at the flash; in the Y-axis, the maximum compressive stress of 1 261 MPa located at the junction region between the welding fixture and edge of the specimen, and the maximum tensile stress of 320 MPa distributed in the connecting portion between the flash and edge of the specimen. In addition, areas of plastic strain increased gradually during welding process. In the X-axis, tensile strain mainly existed at the heads of the specimens; in the Y-axis, compressive strain mainly occurred at the heads of the specimens.

MODE Ⅰ AND MODE Ⅱ CRACK TIP ASYMPTOTIC FIELDS WITH STRAIN GRADIENT EFFECTS

The strain gradient effect becomes significant when the size of frac- ture process zone around a crack tip is comparable to the intrinsic material length l, typically of the order of microns. Using the new strain gradient deformation theory given by Chen and Wang, the asymptotic fields near a crack tip in an elastic-plastic material with strain gradient effects are investigated. It is established that the dom- inant strain field is irrotational. For mode Ⅰ plane stress crack tip asymptotic field, the stress asymptotic field and the couple stress asymptotic field can not exist si- multaneously. In the stress dominated asymptotic field, the angular distributions of stresses are consistent with the classical plane stress HRR field; In the couple stress dominated asymptotic field, the angular distributions of couple stresses are consistent with that obtained by Huang et al. For mode Ⅱ plane stress and plane strain crack tip asymptotic fields, only the stress-dominated asymptotic fields exist. The couple stress asymptotic field is less singular than the stress asymptotic fields. The stress asymptotic fields are the same as mode Ⅱ plane stress and plane strain HRR fields, respectively. The increase in stresses is not observed in strain gradient plasticity for mode Ⅰ and mode Ⅱ, because the present theory is based only on the rotational gradi- ent of deformation and the crack tip asymptotic fields are irrotational and dominated by the stretching gradient.

THE EXPRESSION OF STRESS AND STRAIN AT THE TIP OF NOTCH IN REISSNER PLATE

In this paper, the eigenequation of notch in Reissner plate is derived by the eigenfunction method. Eigenvalues of different notches with different angles are calculated by Muller iteration method. The expression of stress and strain at the tip of notch in Reissner plate is obtained.

The Expression of Stress and Strain at the Tip of Three-Dimensional Notch

The singularity of stress and strain at the tip of three-dimensional notch isanalysed by the power expansion method .the eigenquation of the notch is gainedthrough the boundary conditions of the notch, the eigenvalues under different innerangles of the notch are obtained, the expression of stress and strain at the tip of thenotch is finally derived .

Interaction among fractures and stress field computation of fracture systems

The interaction problem among fractures under the action of compressional stress is studied in this paper by using the finite element method and boundary element method respectively.The mechanical criteria which differentiate between the independent fractures and fracture systems and their computation methods are presented in this paper.The proportional conditions between length and spacing of fractures that exist interaction for several kinds of fracture groups of different geometric arrangement are given.The effect of interaction among fractures on the displacement field,stress field and strain energy distribution are computed.The relations between the fracture system of conjugate array and conjugate earthquakes are also discussed in this paper.

基于HRR场的疲劳裂纹扩展模型研究

针对实际工程中安全性与经济性的需求,基于Hutchinson-Rice-Rosengren(HRR)应力-应变场提出一种Ⅰ型疲劳裂纹扩展速率预测模型。采用HRR应力-应变场描述裂纹尖端区域的应力应变分布状态,在考虑循环载荷及应变能密度理论的前提下,定义一个裂纹尖端损伤区域;同时,为消除裂纹尖端的应力奇异值问题,建立考虑裂纹尖端钝化效应的钝化半径计算方法;结合RICE的塑性叠加法与塑性应变能失效准则,发展一种Ⅰ型疲劳裂纹扩展速率模型。利用所提LIUX(HRR)预测模型对9种金属材料裂纹扩展速率进行计算,与Pandey(HRR)与CHEN-CAI Rice-Kujawski-Ellyin(RKE)两种裂纹扩展预测模型计算结果进行对比分析。同时,基于R2拟合效果及疲劳裂纹扩展三阶段的不同需求,给出三种预测模型的预测结果,并从安全性、精确性及经济性三方面给出相应的评分。最终结果表明,LIUX(HRR)预测模型适用范围更广,拟合效果更佳,能够更好地满足实际工程中的经济性与安全性的需求。

热循环下铝/钢连续驱动摩擦焊接接头应力应变分析

利用ABAQUS有限元软件,建立了一个新的连续驱动摩擦焊接头热-力耦合过程的数值模型,分析了试验过程接头温度场、应力应变分布规律,通过与实际试验结果的对比,验证模型的准确性。得出如下结论:热循环过程中,冷却及低温保温过程是热应力最大的阶段;接头颈缩形貌和产生位置与试验结果吻合较好,颈缩位置与实际试验相对误差为6%,颈缩现象的本质是铝在自由膨胀收缩时应力超过强度极限产生的塑性变形。在拉伸断口观察到解理断裂圆环,其位置、宽度与模拟结果的应变集中区域吻合度高。该模型较准确的模拟了连续驱动摩擦焊接头的热-力耦合过程,为实际生产和工艺优化提供了有力支持。

含油率影响下油页岩力学性质与破坏断裂特征研究

油页岩的含油率存在巨大差异,这种含油率的变化会引起其力学性质与破坏断裂特征的差异。选取含油率为6.5%、6%、5%和3%的垂直层理油页岩试样,对其开展单轴压缩实验、场应变与声发射监测。研究发现:含油率的提升会降低油页岩抗压强度,并使其由脆性向延性转变。高含油率油页岩易发生剪切—张拉破坏;低含油率油页岩破坏模式偏向于张拉破坏。加载过程中,油页岩试件主应变场由均匀分布向应变集中分布转变,垂直层理油页岩的应变场更容易形成多条平行应变集中条带,当含油率不断降低时,主应变场变化过程中的剪切现象减弱。高含油率的试样振铃计数表现为阶梯型增长,破坏后,依然出现了较高的振铃计数;低含油率油页岩只在破坏时出现较高的振铃计数。相同弹性能条件下,低含油率油页岩在储能阶段的变形更小。高含油率试样具有一定延性,在试样到达应力峰值点后,弹性能并没有完全释放,仍保留一部分弹性能。低含油率试样的抗变形能力较强,所以,在相同应变条件下,其耗散的能量更高。

2024年1月23日新疆阿克苏地区乌什县M S7.1地震对周围断层的应力影响及对余震的触发作用

为研究2024年新疆阿克苏地区乌什县M S7.1大震对周边区域应力的影响,基于美国地质调查局(USGS)给出的主震破裂模型,计算此次地震对周边地区产生的同震位移场及应变场,结果发现:体应变在震源西北侧呈现拉张,东南侧呈现挤压;面应变的分布与体应变的形态基本相似。为研究该地震对余震的触发情况,首先需要确定接收断层的断层面参数,对中国地震台网发布的2024年1月23日到2024年4月10日的余震震源机制节面聚类分析,得到两簇结果,选择标准差较小的二簇节面进行平均,得到走向为243.91°,倾角为64.97°;将乌什地震震源区的构造应力场投影到该发震断层上,得到滑动角为61.02°。将这些参数作为余震接收断层的断层面参数,同样基于USGS给出的主震断层破裂模型,计算主震产生的静态库仑应力,研究发现:区内库仑应力均超过0.01 MPa阈值,且库仑破裂应力最大值达0.3 MPa,大多数余震处于库仑应力变化的高值区;表明主震产生的静态库仑应力促进了余震的发生。为研究该地震发生对周围断层的影响,根据前人给出的周边断层的几何和滑动特性,计算在周边断裂上沿滑动方向上的库仑破裂应力变化,研究发现:本次地震对迈丹—沙依拉姆断裂库仑应力最大增加量达到0.22 MPa,喀拉铁克断裂、衣木干他乌断裂、塔塔埃尔塔格断裂、奥兹格尔他乌断裂、柯坪断裂的库仑应力变化并不明显,迈丹—沙依拉姆断裂库仑应力增加最大,应注意该断层的地震活动性。

选区激光熔化的微流道换热器芯体传热板成型工艺

为解决传统工艺存在的截面形状受限、污染环境等问题,研究采用选区激光熔化技术制备高通量微流道换热器芯体传热板.分析传热板的几何形状、316L不锈钢粉末的材料特性及主要成型工艺参数,采用Altair Inspire软件的Print3D模块对成型过程进行仿真模拟,研究温度场、Mises应力和塑性应变的分布及变化规律.结果表明:熔化成型区温度随着激光的射入和远离发生剧烈变化;由于激光能量在制件内的累积效应,使得后成型区域的温度明显大于先成型区域.Mises应力和塑性应变与换热板的结构和温度场有密切关系,流道位置结构复杂,Mises应力和塑性应变较大;温度越高的区域金属粉末熔化越充分,Mises应力和塑性应变的值越小.

Numerical simulation of tectonic stress and strain rate fields in the northeastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau in association with major fault zones

A series of large strike-slip and thrust faults have developed in the northeastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau since the Late Cenozoic,with strong and active tectonic activity and frequent occurrences of large earthquakes.Modulation of regional tectonic stress distribution,strain fields,and seismic hazards has not been well studied.This study introduces a three-dimensional viscoelastic finite element numerical model to calculate crustal stress and strain rate fields under current tectonic loading.The preliminary results show that the direction of the horizontal principal compressive stress rate and compressive horizontal principal strain rate in the northeastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau rotate clockwise as a whole,and this rotation is more significant in the southeast direction because of the block of the Alxa and the Ordos blocks.The NE-SW horizontal principal compressive stress rate and SE horizontal tensile stress rate dominate the entire study region.The maximum value of the horizontal principal compressive strain rate at a depth of 0 km in the model is approximately 4×10^(-8)yr^(-1)near the East Kunlun fault and is smaller in the stable Alxa and Ordos blocks at approximately 1×10^(-8)yr^(-1).The calculated regional stress state is in good agreement with the actual focal mechanism solution,indicating that strike-slip and thrust stress fields dominate the northeastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau.The Altyn Tagh,East Kunlun,and Haiyuan faults demonstrate that the maximum shear strain rate gradually decreases eastward,and the decrease in the maximum shear strain rate value is absorbed by orogenic uplift and crustal shortening at its boundaries.The western section of the Altyn Tagh fault,west-to-middle sections of the East Kunlun fault,and west-to-middle sections of the Haiyuan fault will have high seismic hazards in the future.

基于应变场强法的钢桥面板顶板-纵肋焊接节点疲劳寿命预测

钢桥面板顶板-纵肋焊接节点处疲劳现象频发,应力集中和残余应力是影响其疲劳寿命的关键因素。然而,常用评估方法大多以距焊趾/根一定距离的某一点的应力状态作为参量,忽略了焊接节点附近区域应力分布对疲劳寿命的影响。场强法可通过权函数考虑焊接节点附近区域的应力分布,因此本工作采用场强法进行顶板-纵肋焊接节点的疲劳寿命预测。基于已有疲劳试验,采用ANSYS软件建立顶板-纵肋焊接节点的有限元模型;再利用热-结构顺序耦合法计算残余应力,并施加疲劳荷载,得到应力幅最大位置的应变场强;最后,对适用于低周疲劳寿命评估的Manson-Coffin公式进行修正,实现该节点的高周疲劳寿命预测。研究结果表明:考虑残余应力计算的疲劳寿命较不考虑时误差会减小21.2%;与名义应力法、能量法相比,采用应变场强法预测的疲劳寿命精度会分别提高31.5%、38.2%。

集成排气歧管低周疲劳寿命研究

集成排气歧管的设计使排气部分收到高低温载荷的反复冲击,因此在局部区域会产生较大的应力集中,超过材料的屈服强度,产生塑性变形,会有低周疲劳破坏的风险。本文基于有限元的方法,计算某冲击循环的瞬态温度场结果,并基于此结果进行交变工况下的应力应变分析,研究排气部位危险位置的温度、应力和应变的变化规律,并基于局部应力应变法得到该位置的疲劳寿命,为缸盖设计提供一种分析方法。