Fully Stressed Design of Fink Truss Using STAAD.Pro Software

This paper presents study of optimization of Fink Truss by Fully Stressed Design (FSD) method using STAAD.Pro software version STAAD.Pro V8i (SELECT series 5). Three spans of the trusses have been considered and each truss has been subjected to 27 types of load cases by changing nodal load locations. Central node load has been kept constant in each truss as 100 kN. Three sets of load condition is taken, viz, 100 kN, 120 kN and 150 kN. Total 81 trusses have been analyzed in this study to achieve a target stress of 100 MPa. Steel take-off for each case and maximum displacement for each case have been calculated and compared in this study and it shows that weight does not always increase with increase in the span or height. Results of the study could be helpful in designing a truss that does not waste material.

Optimal Design of Multiple Stresses Accelerated Life Test Plan Based on Transforming the Multiple Stresses to Single Stress

For planning optimum multiple stresses accelerated life test plans, a commonly followed guiding principle is that all parameters of the life-stress relationship should be estimated, and the number of the stress level combinations must be no less than the number of parameters of the life-stress relationship. However, the general objective of an accelerated life test（ALT） is to assess thep-th quantile of the product life distribution under normal stress. For this objective,estimating all model parameters is not necessary, and this will increase the cost of test. Based on the theoretical conclusion that the stress level combinations of the optimum multiple stresses ALT plan locate on a straight line through the origin of coordinate, it is proposed that a design idea of planning the optimum multiple stresses ALT plan through transforming the problem of designing an optimum multiple stresses ALT plan to designing an optimum single stress ALT plan. Moreover, a method of planning the optimum multiple stresses ALT plan which can avoid estimating all model parameters is established. An example shows that, the proposed plan which only has two stress level combinations could achieve an accuracy no less than the traditional plan, and save the test time and cost on one stress level combination at least; when the actual product life is less than the design value, even the deviation of the model initial parameters value is up to 20%, the variance of the estimation of thep-th quantile of the proposed plan is still smaller than the traditional plans approximately 25%. A design method is provided for planning the optimum multiple stresses ALT which uses the statistical optimum degenerate test plan as the optimum multiple stresses accelerated life test plan.

Investigation of Allowable Stresses for Fatigue Design of Fixed Offshore Platforms

Fatigue design method is usually used for estimating whether a platform structure meets the requirements of fatigue resistance. It is described in API RP-2A and ZC rules for fixed offshore platforms, in which the allowable stresses for fatigue design are defined. In this paper discussed are the allowable stresses related factors, such as wave climate, structural response, fatigue behaviour of structural members.

Ministries Design Exchange Rate Stress Test for Labor-Intensive Industries

China’s Ministry of Commerce(MOFCOM)and the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology(MIIT)have designed a stress-test for China’s labor-intensive industries,

Empirical Approach for Planning and Designing Constant Stress Accelerated Life Tests

Accelerated life testing(ALT)has been widely used to obtain information about the product's life characteristics at normal conditions in a relatively short period of time.Two key issues with ALT are test design and data analysis.The test design of constant stress ALT was studied in this paper.The test design usually combines engineering experiences with optimization models.Such approaches are hard to be implemented by practitioners.A"pure"empirical approach was presented to address this issue.With the proposed approach,some of the decision variables are determined based on the results from the literature,some of the other variables are determined based on engineering analysis and /or judgment,and the remaining variables are determined based on the empirical relations developed in this paper.A real-world example is included to illustrate the appropriateness of the proposed approach.

Stress Analysis and Shape Design of a Femoral Hip Prosthesis

Objective:To study the stress distribution of the femoral hip prosthesis after the hip joint replacement.Methods:After the hip joint replacement,when the femur and prosthesis are considered as concentric cylinders with perfectly banded interface,a relatively perfect theoretical model of simulating the interfacial stress transfer is established.Results:The maximum interfacial shear stress occured at Z=0.At the cross-section of the femoral neck,interfacial shear stress decreased exponentially with the increases of the Z.Shear stress became very small at Z>0.1 m,which meant that the shear stress at the far end of the femoral hip prosthesis was very small.In order to avoid the stress concentration and femoral hip prosthesis sinking,interfacial stress must remain constant and balanced with the pressure load at Z=0.The radius of the femoral hip prosthesis changed with interfacial shear stress.The maximum value of the radius occured at Z=0,then it decreased at m.Specially,a=18.2 mm at Z=10 mm,a=5.36 mm at Z=98 mm,these are ideal radius.Conclusion:A theoretical model of simulating the interfacial stress is established when the femur and prosthesis are considered as concentric cylinders.The distributions of the interfacial shear and radial stresses with the axial positions are obtained.A theoretical reference for the design of the prosthesis is provided.

航天地面电源加速寿命试验研究

以某航天地面电源为研究对象,开展加速寿命试验研究。首先,介绍了加速寿命试验的特点、目的和优点;然后,阐述了加速试验的方法和流程;最后,对加速寿命试验的结果进行了分析。结果表明,与传统的可靠性试验相比,加速寿命试验可有效降低试验成本、提升试验效率,具有绝对优势。

巷道围岩应力应变仿真系统设计与教学探索

为了获得采动条件下巷道围岩应力应变演化特征,通过复变函数换算结合工程实践经验,运用科学计算软件编程对巷道围岩受力模型进行求解,获得巷道围岩主应力和主应力集中系数分布规律。采用MATLAB对巷道受力模型进行模拟演算,获得工程开采参数与巷道围岩应力应变的关系规律,由此设计了一种采动影响下巷道围岩应力应变模拟仿真系统。该系统可对多种巷道断面进行计算和模拟,进而呈现出多种信息仿真演示,解决了以往软件适用巷道类型单一、应力求解不具体且结果呈现单一化缺点,可为回采巷道支护设计提供相应的理论依据,有利于矿山工程技术人员及实验室技术人员开展模拟仿真教学。

Design and Analysis of Tapered Stress Joint for Top Tensioned Riser System

Stress Joint （SJ） plays a key role in the Top Tensioned Riser （TTR） system for deep water engineering. A preliminary design method of tapered SJ is proposed in the paper, which could help designers obtain accurate design data. After a further sensitive analysis is carried out, the related parameters choice and control methods are recommended in the engineering practice. By taking the extreme environment conditions into consideration, the effects of bending stress reduction and curve control are analyzed, and the 3-D FE models are established by ABQOUS for numerical evaluation to verify the correctness of design results. At last, dynamic analysis and fatigue analysis, based on actual project, are carried out with designed stress joint. The analysis results prove the feasibility and guidance of this method in the practical engineering applications.

超大跨劲性骨架拱桥缩尺模型试验方案设计研究

为对超大跨劲性骨架拱桥缩尺模型试验方案进行合理设计,以计算跨径600 m的劲性骨架拱桥——天峨龙滩特大桥为背景,围绕模型缩尺比、结构设计、材料及加载系统等关键环节,开展主拱圈缩尺模型试验方案设计研究。最终确定模型拱缩尺比为1∶10,劲性钢骨架采用单肋形式,采用与实桥主拱圈性能相近、便于施工的材料,采用阵列式滑轮组加载系统实现模型拱和实桥主拱圈的应力等效,还原外包混凝土分环分段浇筑施工,并简化劲性钢骨架与管内混凝土施工。将模型拱外包混凝土应力实测值、ANSYS建模计算得到的模型拱理论值及实桥主拱圈理论值进行对比,结果表明:模型拱和实桥主拱圈外包混凝土在施工阶段的应力变化趋势基本相同,最大绝对误差在2 MPa以内,模型拱应力实测值和理论值也吻合较好,缩尺模型试验方案设计合理。

Optimization design and residual thermal stress analysis of PDC functionally graded materials

The distribution of thermal stresses in functionally graded polycrystalline diamond compact (PDC) and in single coating of PDC are analyzed respectively by thermo-mechanical finite element analysis (FEA). It is shown that they each have a remarkable stress concentration at the edge of the interfaces. The diamond coatings usually suffer premature failure because of spallation, distortion or defects such as cracks near the interface due to these excessive residual stresses. Results showed that the axial tensile stress in FGM coating is reduced from 840 MPa to 229 MPa compared with single coating, and that the shear stress is reduced from 671 MPa to 471 MPa. Therefore, the single coating is more prone to spallation and cracking than the FGM coating. The effects of the volume compositional distribution factor (n) and the number of the graded layers (L) on the thermal stresses in FGM coating are also discussed respectively. Modelling results showed that the optimum value of the compositional distribution factor is 1.2, and that the best number of the graded layers is 6.

基于AutoPIPE的石油化工管道应力分析研究

在石油化工生产中,做好石油化工管道的设计对保证石油化工生产的安全性和可靠性有着十分重要的作用。主要针对石油化工管道设计相关问题展开研究,基于AutoPIPE软件对石油化工管道结构进行建模仿真,运用其设计分析功能,对所研究管道从范围、设计、结构等方面进行具体应力分析与计算,对管道设计结构进行优化,使管道结构应力满足标准强度要求,管道变形满足柔性补偿,确定管道连接结构的最佳设计方案。

焊接锚垫板锚固区拉压杆模型及配筋设计

针对焊接锚垫板齿板锚固区配筋,提出了一种锚固区新型拉压杆模型。首先对齿板锚固区6种典型效应、主应力迹线以及力流平衡关系进行分析并建立新型拉压杆模型,其次通过美国国家公路与运输官员协会(American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials,AASHTO)Load-and-resistance Factor Design Bridge Design Specifications、Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete and Commentary(ACI 318-19)、《公路钢筋混凝土及预应力混凝土桥涵设计规范》(JTG 3362—2018)和欧洲设计建议Practical Design of Structural Concrete进行拉压杆模型参数定量化设计,根据拉压杆几何关系推导出焊接锚垫板齿板锚固区劈裂力计算式,利用有限元分析,拟合出焊接锚垫板下齿板锚固区劈裂力合力重心计算式。最后通过算例分析,按本文建议的拉压杆方法进行焊接锚垫板齿板锚固区结构配筋设计,能较好地控制锚下典型效应问题,相比《公路钢筋混凝土及预应力混凝土桥涵设计规范》(JTG 3362—2018)给出的设计方法,拉压杆模型法能较好地反映结构传力机制且具备可行性和可应用性,可为焊接锚垫板齿板锚固区配筋设计提供参考。

涡轮起动机中斜撑离合器的瞬态冲击与楔合特性研究

将稳态楔合拓展至瞬态冲击是深入研究斜撑离合器正向设计的重要组成部分。本文从机械动力学理论出发,关联输入输出端载荷与响应特征,建立斜撑离合器冲击受载微分方程,揭示出离合器由瞬态楔合至稳态传动过程蕴含的动力学原理和一般规律。在此基础上,推导出斜撑离合器内外传动轴的综合应力分析模型,并提出运用接触应力、综合应力和楔角等指标整体考察离合器传动性能的校核方法。最后以某常见离合器部件为例,从理论计算和仿真分析两方面模拟了涡轮起动机环境下的短时受载工况,验证了本文原理和分析模型的有效性,因而对此类离合器的设计与校核分析具有重要意义。

基于密封特性的弹簧金属C形环结构参数优化

C形环在密封过程中存在低应力区,这些区域难以保证密封可靠性,因此研究C形环密封特性时,需要分析有效接触应力和区域。选取外径为318 mm的C形环为研究对象,利用等效壁厚代替螺旋弹簧丝径,建立C形环等效模型,通过压缩回弹试验验证了模型的合理性。利用有限元方法研究银层厚度、包覆层厚度以及等效壁厚(弹簧丝径)对C形环密封性能的影响。结果表明:银层表面有效接触宽度随着银层厚度、包覆层厚度的增加而增大,有效接触应力随银层厚度、包覆层厚度的增加而减小,等效壁厚的增加可同时增加有效接触宽度和有效接触应力。采用正交试验对C形环的结构参数进行优化设计。结果表明:银层厚度和等效壁厚对有效接触应力和有效接触宽度影响显著。C形环最优设计方案为银层厚度0.2 mm,包覆层厚度0.5 mm,弹簧丝径3.1 mm,泄漏率试验结果表明,优化后C形环具有更好的密封性能。

面向城市压力人群的公共疗愈空间设计探析

城市化进程加快,城市生活节奏越来越快,导致了亚健康现象的不断增加,对个体的生活质量产生负面影响。文章通过对相关文献研究,梳理疗愈空间的相关理论,分析亚健康状态的定义和人群需求,提出面向城市压力人群的疗愈空间的设计策略。在此基础上,通过案例实践从人群需求角度融合疗愈理念对空间规划、自然元素整合和感官体验优化等关键要点提出设计方法和展望,满足人群精神与情感需求。

雾水葛总黄酮的提取工艺优化及其对线虫应激能力的影响

目的 正交法优化雾水葛总黄酮的提取工艺,探究其对秀丽隐杆线虫抗应激能力的影响。方法采用NaNO_(2)-Al(NO_(3))_(3)-NaOH显色法测定雾水葛中总黄酮的质量分数,以雾水葛总黄酮提取率为指标,通过单因素考察及正交试验考察时间、温度、料液比、乙醇体积分数对总黄酮提取率的影响,优选出最佳提取工艺。设立给药组和空白组,通过观察线虫头摆动次数、H_(2)O_(2)氧化应激、抗热应激试验探究总黄酮对秀丽隐杆线虫抗应激能力的影响。结果最佳提取工艺:提取时间为40 min,提取温度为70℃,乙醇体积分数为60%,料液比为1∶40 (g∶mL),总黄酮提取率实测值为1.31%。给药组线虫头摆动次数明显多于空白组(P<0.01)。雾水葛总黄酮质量浓度为0.300 mg/mL时,给药组在氧化应激和热应激实验中平均寿命比空白组分别延长32.28%、42.96%。结论超声法操作简单、便捷、提取率高,提取所得总黄酮能增强秀丽隐杆线虫应激能力。

Tilt-up建筑波纹钢板屋盖平面内抗震设计方法研究

Tilt-up建筑体系是一种由钢筋混凝土墙板、屋盖、内部承重柱组成的“盒式”受力体系。屋盖作为重要的结构构件,不仅承受平面外荷载,还承受由地震作用产生的水平力。论文分析了屋盖平面内受力机理,介绍了美国ASCE 7规范、IBC规范中Tilt-up结构波纹钢板屋盖平面内抗震设计方法,对华盛顿地区某Tilt-up建筑波纹钢板屋盖进行了设计研究,为我国引入Tilt-up建筑体系提供参考。

超大面阵碲镉汞探测器低应力设计及有限元分析

随着碲镉汞材料和器件技术的不断发展,满足大视场、超高分辨率应用需求的超大阵列规模的红外探测器逐步投入工程应用,超大面阵探测器芯片的低温可靠性成为封装技术的重点研究内容。以某超大面阵碲镉汞混成芯片为研究对象,采用有限元仿真分析法研究了冷头材料体系、冷台外径、冷台的结构形式等因素对混成芯片低温应力和芯片光敏面低温变形的影响规律,最终优化设计出一套可满足超大面阵芯片低温可靠性要求的冷头结构和材料体系。仿真结果显示,该冷头体系硅电路低温下最大应力约为70 MPa,碲镉汞光敏区在低温下的变形约为30μm。仿真结果能满足工程应用可靠性要求的经验仿真阈值,有效改进了超大面阵红外探测器的高可靠小型化封装技术。