Research into Applicability of Wöhler Curve Method for Low-Cycle Fatigue of Metallic Materials

Recently,a description on a practicability of the Wöhler Curve Method for low-cycle fatigue of metals was given by the author.By the description and the low cycle fatigue test data of 16 MnR steel,it is important to show that,for low cycle fatigue of metals,such a way that a stress-based intensity parameter calculated by the linear-elastic analysis is taken to be a stress intensity parameter,S,to establish a relationship between the stress intensity parameter,S,and the fatigue life,N,is practicable.In this paper,many metallic materials from the literature are given to show that the Wöhler Curve Method is well suitable for low-cycle fatigue analysis of metals.

Biological properties of differently-aged human keratinocytes:population doubling time growth curve and cell cycle analysis

Objective To explore the biological properties of keratinocytes from differently-aged healthy human beings. Methods Keratinocytes from fetus,teenager and middle-aged groups were separated and cultured. The population doubling time (PDT) and cell growth curve in different cells were compared,and the cell cycles were analyzed by flow cytometry. Results ① In primary culture of keratinocytes,the adherence time in middle-aged group was longer than that in fetus and teenager groups. However,all cell morphology showed no obvious differences. In subculture of keratinocytes,with donator’s age increasing,time of cell adherence prolonged,passage number decreased and differences in cell morphology were obvious. ② The average PDT of keratinocytes was shorter in fetus group than in teenager and middle-aged groups. But difference in cell growth curve between different passages was not observed. ③ Keratinocytes showed G2/M period in fetus group but G0/G1 period in teenager and middle-aged groups mainly. Conclusion As age increases,the biological properties of keratinocytes change obviously.

LIMIT CYCLES AND INVARIANT PARABOLA IN A KUKLES SYSTEM OF DEGREE THREE

In this article,the authors consider a class of Kukles planar polynomial differential system of degree three having an invariant parabola.For this class of second-order differential systems,it is shown that for certain values of the parameters the invariant parabola coexists with a center.For other values it can coexist with one,two or three small amplitude limit cycles which are constructed by Hopf bifurcation.This result gives an answer for the question given in[4],about the existence of limit cycles for such class of system.

SIMULATION OF WELD THERMAL CYCLE USING THE MODEL OF CARBONITRIDE PARTICLES PRECIPITATION

Based on the chasteal nucleation theory, the kinetic precipitation model of carbon - nitride particles in weld HAZ is proposed. Using the model,welding simulation technology and the quantitative metallo- graphic analysis,the precipitation transformation temperatue (PTT) curve is obtained.The data from the simulated welds are in good apreement with the value that the PTT curves predicated.

Existence of Limit Cycles for a Cubic Kolmogorov System with a Hyperbolic Solution

This paper is concerned with a cubic Kolmogorov system with a solution of central quadratic curve which neither contacts with the coordinate axes, nor passes through the origin. The conclusion is that such a system may possess limit cycles.

Very high cycle fatigue behavior of bridge steel welded joint

Very high cycle fatigue（VHCF） behaviors of bridge steel（Q345） welded joints were investigated using an ultrasonic fatigue test system at room temperature with a stress ratio R = -1. The results show that the fatigue strength of welded joints is dropped by an average of 60% comparing to the base metal and the fatigue failure still occurred beyond 10~7 cycles.The fatigue fracture of welded joints in the low cycle regime generally occurred at the solder while at the heat-affected zone（HAZ） in the very high cycle regime.The fatigue fracture surface was analyzed with scanning electron microscopy（SEM）,showing welding defects such as pore,micro-crack and inclusion were the main factors on decreasing the fatigue properties of welded joints.The effect of welding defects on the fatigue behaviors of welded joints was discussed in terms of experimental results and finite element simulations.

High-cycle Fatigue Fracture Behavior of Ultrahigh Strength Steels

The fatigue fracture behavior of four ultrahigh strength steels with different melting processes and therefore different inclusion sizes were studied by using a rotating bar two-point bending fatigue machine in the high-cycle regime up to 107 cycles of loading. The fracture surfaces were observed by field emission scanning electron microscopy （FESEM）. It was found that the size of inclusion has significant effect on the fatigue behavior. For AtSI 4340 steel in which the inclusion size is smaller than 5.5 μm, all the fatigue cracks except one did not initiated from inclusion but from specimen surface and conventional S-N curve exists. For 65Si2MnWE and Aermet 100 steels in which the average inclusion sizes are 12.2 and 14.9 μm, respectively, fatigue cracks initiated from inclusions at lower stress amplitudes and stepwise S-N curves were observed. The S-N curve displays a continuous decline and fatigue failures originated from large oxide inclusion for 60Si2CrVA steel in which the average inclusion size is 44.4 pro. In the case of internal inclusion-induced fractures at cycles beyond about 1×10^6 for 65Si2MnWE and 60Si2CrVA steels, inclusion was always found inside the fish-eye and a granular bright facet （GBF） was observed in the vicinity around the inclusion. The GBF sizes increase with increasing the number of cycles to failure Nf in the long-life regime. The values of stress intensity factor range at crack initiation site for the GBF are almost constant with Nf, and are almost equal to that for the surface inclusion and the internal inclusion at cycles lower than about 1×10^6. Neither fish-eye nor GBF was observed for Aermet 100 steel in the present study.

Flow-Induced Vibration of A Nonlinearly Restrained Curved Pipe Conveying Fluid

Investigated in this study is the flow induced vibration of a nonlinearly restrained curved pipe conveying fluid. The nonlinear equation of motion is derived by equilibrium of forces on microelement of the system under consideration. The spatial coordinate of the system is discretized by DQM (differential quadrature method). On the basis of the boundary conditions, the dynamic equation is solved by the Newton Raphson iteration method. The numerical solutions reveal several complex dynamic motions for the variation of the fluid velocity parameter, such as limit cycle motion, buckling and so on. The result obtained also shows that the sub parameter regions corresponding to the several motions may change with the variation of some parameters of the curved pipe. The present study supplies a new reference for investigating the nonlinear dynamic response of some other structures.

STUDY ON THE UNIQUENESS OF LIMIT CYCLE OF THE QUADRATIC SYSTEM BY USING THE QUADRATIC CURVE WITHOUT CONTACT(CONTINUED 1)

In this paper, we continue to discuss the uniqueness of limit cycle of the quadratic system by using the quadratic curve without contact and several new criteria for the uniqueness have been obtained.

组织中MCM7、Cyclin D1的表达与肝细胞肝癌患者1年生存时间的关系

目的研究微染色体维持蛋白7(MCM7)和细胞周期相关蛋白(Cyclin D1)与肝细胞肝癌(HCC)患者1年生存时间的关系。方法回顾性选取2020年1月至2021年6月邯郸市中心医院收治的90例原发性HCC患者。取癌组织、癌旁正常组织各2块,行免疫组织化学检查MCM7、Cyclin D1表达情况。比较癌组织及癌旁正常组织MCM7、Cyclin D1阳性检出率;观察不同临床病理特征HCC患者MCM7、Cyclin D1阳性占比情况。最后对90例HCC患者行1年院外随访,观察癌组织MCM7、Cyclin D1阳性患者术后1年存活率差异。结果癌组织内MCM7、Cyclin D1阳性检出率显著高于癌旁正常组织,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);不同性别、年龄、病灶数、HBsAg类型HCC患者MCM7阳性检出率比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);肿瘤直径≥5 cm、TNM分期Ⅲ~Ⅳ期、低分化、血清AFP≥400μg/L、已发生转移的HCC患者MCM7阳性检出率较高,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);TNM分期Ⅲ-IV期、已发生转移的HCC患者Cyclin D1阳性检出率较高,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。90例行根治性手术的HCC患者均获得1年院外随访,1年病死率18.89%,存活率81.11%;64例癌组织MCM7阳性患者1年病死率25.00%,存活率75.00%,26例癌组织MCM7阴性患者中病死率3.85%,存活率96.15%,Kaplan-Meier生存分析显示癌组织MCM7阳性检出率越高患者病死率越高(Log-Rank=5.229,P=0.022);66例癌组织Cyclin D1阳性患者1年病死率24.24%,存活率75.76%,24例癌组织Cyclin D1阴性患者中病死率4.17%,存活率95.83%,Kaplan-Meier生存分析显示癌组织Cyclin D1阳性检出率越高患者病死率越高(Log-Rank=4.481,P=0.034)。结论HCC患者癌组织内MCM7、Cyclin D1表达显著增高,且MCM7、Cyclin D1与HCC病情进展有关,同时MCM7、Cyclin D1表达阳性可能会对HCC患者1年生存率造成影响。

Selection and Evaluation of Dry and Isentropic Organic Working Fluids Used in Organic Rankine Cycle Based on the Turning Point on Their Saturated Vapor Curves

The organic Rankine cycle(ORC)is a popular technique used in the utilization of low-grade thermal energy.Among wet,dry,and isentropic organic working fluids,the latter two types are more appropriate for ORC systems.In this paper,the definition of turning point on saturated vapor curve of dry fluid and isentropic fluid was given according to the shape of the saturated curve of working fluids in a T-s diagram.On this basis,the model of near-critical region triangle was established.Using this model,the thermodynamic performance of 57 kinds of dry and isentropic organic working fluids in ORC was evaluated.The performance includes the relation between turning point temperature and cycle thermal efficiency,the relation between near-critical region triangle area and cycle thermal efficiency,the relation between near-critical region triangle area and exergy at turning point temperature,the relation between near-critical region triangle area and reciprocal value of slope of saturated vapor curve.Moreover,working fluid selection was also conducted in terms of heat source type.It was found through theoretical analysis results that the popular R123 is an acceptable choice especially for the utilization of closed type heat source.Considering it will be phased out in near future,then cis-butene,butane,trans-butene,and isobutene are worth studying as its successor.Dodecane is worthy of attention and further research and it can be a good choice for utilization of open type heat source.

LIMIT CYCLES AND BIFURCATION CURVES FOR THE QUADRATIC DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM (III)_(m=0) HAVING THREE ANTI-SADDLES (I)

For the quadratic system: x=-y+δx + lx2 + ny2, y=x(1+ax-y) under conditions -1<l<0,n+l - 1>0 the author draws in the (a, ()) parameter plane the global bifurcationdiagram of trajectories around O(0,0). Notice that when na2+l < 0 the system has one saddleN(0,1/n) and three anti-saddles.

The Quadratic System Having a Parabola as Its Integral Curve Has at Most One Limit Cycle

In this note, we prove that the quadratic system having a parabola as its integralcurve has at most one limit cycle, and therefore the quadratic system havingquadratic curve as its integral curve has at most one limjt cycle. Considering Ref.[1], we have solved completely the problem of the bifurcations of limit cycle forsystem (1).

ON THE SEPARATRIX CYCLE FOR CUBIC SYSTEM IN TYPE OF CLAM SHAPED CURVE

A sufficient and necessary condition of the existence of clam shaped curve solution for the cubic system is given in this paper. Again the author gives a sufficient and necessary condition of the existence of clam shaped curve separatrix cycle for a special type of cubic system and obtains their accurate domain in parameter space.

A NECESSARY AND SUFFICIENT CONDITION FOR THE COEXISTENCE OF A CLASS OF CUBIC CURVE SEPARATRIX CYCLES AND LIMIT CYCLES TO THE CUBIC SYSTEM

In this paper, we give the necessary and sufficient condition for the coexistence of a class of cubic curve separatrix cycles and limit cycles to the cubic system, and study their topological structures.

QUADRATIC SYSTEM WITH HOMOCLINIC CYCLE DESCRIBED BY SEXTIC CURVE

In [2-5], cubic, quartic or quintic homoclinic cycles are found. In this paper, we present a quadratic system with homoclinic cycle which is described by a sextic curve.

经济周期波动与菲利普斯曲线形态变异:兼论经济回升的路径选择

厘清菲利普斯曲线形态变异的本质机理对于准确把握经济运行规律和确保宏观调控精准施策具有重要意义。为此,文章全面识别了中国菲利普斯曲线在经济周期不同阶段下的形态特征,并就如何采取合意的宏观经济政策引导经济回升展开了深入探讨。研究发现:第一,经济增速放缓、通胀单边异动以及全球化向逆全球化转变是导致“产出—通胀”型菲利普斯曲线出现形态变异的核心原因;第二,中国菲利普斯曲线在经济周期不同阶段的表现为:在经济周期上升或是平稳运行阶段,斜率较为陡峭,而在经济周期下行阶段则呈现出扁平化趋向;第三,不同宏观经济政策对经济回升路径的影响存在显著差异,现阶段以价格型货币政策搭配财政政策的渐进调控方式不失为一种引导经济平稳复苏的有益尝试。面对当下产出端与通胀端的双重紧缩压力,适度地矫正“产出—通胀”权衡关系,塑造陡峭的菲利普斯曲线斜率具有重要意义,这不仅有利于引导经济沿着安全的路径回升,同时也能在最大限度上避免古典经济危机重现。

冻融和盐作用对糯米粉的结构和糊化特性的影响

糯米浆是我国古代应用最广泛的建筑胶凝材料,可显著提高三合土和灰浆的强度特性、抗渗特性和粘结特性.挖掘糯米浆的科学价值,对于传统技术的科学利用,特别是对古建筑的修复具有十分重要的意义.文中用石油醚对糯米粉进行脱脂,采用双波长法对糯米粉中的直链淀粉和支链淀粉进行测定,用FT-IR,XRD,TG/DTG和SEM分析了糯米粉脱脂前后的结构和形貌,同时用XRD和SEM分析了冻融循环、Na 2SO 4加入对糯米淀粉结构、晶型和形貌的改变,用Brabender粘度仪研究了不同条件下的糊化特性.结果表明,糯米粉中直链淀粉和支链淀粉的含量分别为9.16%和78.56%,糯米粉和脱脂糯米粉的糊化温度基本相同,但峰值粘度、崩解值和回升值下降.冻融循环不会改变糯米粉中淀粉颗粒的结构和晶型,但峰值粘度、谷值粘度、终值粘度、崩解值和回升值均有降低趋势;加入4%的Na 2SO 4后,会使糊化温度升高,崩解值升高,回升值下降.本研究对糯米粉的科学认知具有重要的意义,期望为针对性地提高糯米浆的胶凝品质提供理论参考.

EH36钢焊接接头焊趾处应力集中对高低周复合疲劳的影响

为研究船舶结构用钢EH36钢焊接接头焊趾处应力集中对高低周复合疲劳的影响,对不同焊缝形貌20 mm厚EH36钢双面全熔透对接接头进行高低周复合疲劳试验.研究发现,高低周复合疲劳对接头寿命的降低幅度随着高周应力比的增大而增大;结合数字图像相关法测量结果分析,发现焊趾处应力集中系数越大,接头的高低周复合疲劳寿命越低,其降低幅度随着高周应力比的增大而增大.基于试验数据对模型进行验证,结果表明,应力集中系数高的接头疲劳寿命低且寿命预测结果分散性增大;Palmgren-Miner模型和Zhu模型由于未充分考虑高低周耦合损伤作用,导致寿命预测结果相对危险.修正后Zhu模型在充分考虑低周疲劳对高低周复合疲劳寿命的影响后,预测寿命大于实际寿命的预测点较少,预测结果相对安全,且分散性较小,误差也较小.

低效井合理捞油周期确定方法研究

低产低效井常规有杆采油方式成本较高,使用提捞采油方式对低产井进行开采具有一定的经济效益。文中基于油井流入动态,结合井筒压力计算方程,建立一套捞油周期数学模型。在研究井筒流入累积液量、生产压差、动液面恢复与生产时间关系的基础上,根据不同动液面上升速率对提捞井进行分类,制定合理提捞周期。并在14口捞油井上进行了生产试验,平均单次作业捞油量增加2.4 t,显著提高了捞油井的生产效率和经济效益。